• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.1 s.107
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• pp.53-59
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• 2006

Recently, 8,000TEU class containerships has started operating the shipping service and the mega-containership of over 10,000TEU is on planning. A unit cost in relation to shipping service is decreased by the bigger ship based on the economy of scale. Most of the previous studies have been performed and focused on the total operation cost from mega port to mega port. However, the purpose of this paper is to estimate economic efficiency of selected hub ports from point of view of total cost such as service cost(or operation cost), port charge and feeder cost, etc. First, the service-network of mega containerships is based on data of a domestic shipping company operated main line and economic analysis of individual scenarios on the cost and traffic when 10,000TEU mega containerships offer the services. The three scenarios presented in this paper set up the hub ports which are the port of Busan, Shanghai and Yokohama The results show that port of Busan is economically the most efficient one among others.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2002

Spatial interpolation has become a common procedure in converting temperature forecasts and observations at irregular points for use in regional scale ecosystem modeling and the model based decision support systems for resource management. Neglection of terrain effects in most spatial interpolations for short term temperatures may cause erroneous results in mountainous regions, where the observation network hardly covers full features of the complicated terrain. A spatial interpolation model for daytime hourly temperature was formulated based on error analysis of unsampled site with respect to the site topography. The model has a solar irradiance correction scheme in addition to the common backbone of the lapse rate - corrected inverse distance weighting. The solar irradiance scheme calculates the direct, diffuse and reflected components of shortwave radiation over any surfaces based on the sun-slope geometry and compares the sum with that over a reference surface. The deviation from the reference radiation is used to calculate the temperature correction term by an empirical conversion formula between the solar energy and the air temperature on any sloped surfaces at an hourly time scale, which can be prepared seasonally for each land cover type. When this model was applied to a 14 km by 22 km mountainous region at a 10 m horizontal resolution, the estimated hourly temperature surfaces showed a better agreement with the observed distribution than those by a conventional method.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2017

Local festival in Korea has developed quantitatively as well qualitatively. Driving force of local festival's development is local governments' active supports. Many Local government support local festival opening actively to accomplish economic activation. Activation of local festivals is good chance to local start-up companies. Local start-up companies don't have well known brand, and wide distribution network. But they can sell their products to visitors in local festival. And if fortune smiles upon them, they can get big buyers in local festivals. If so, what factors can contribute to a increase sales of local start-up companies? Different from existing research that focus on tour industrial outcome, we will focus on effect of festival service quality on increase sales. The survey is using structured questionnaire, we surveyed visitors who visit local start-up companies' booth in festival site. According to survey result, first, each dimensions of festival service quality do not effect on purchase intention directly except empathy dimension. Second, each dimensions of festival service quality effect on purchase intention by a medium of local image indirectly except assurance dimension. And purchase intention have a great effect on purchase action. Through the results, we can confirm festival service quality effect on purchase intention by a medium of local image indirectly. we suggest that improving festival service quality can effect on sales increase of local start-up companies, and for the purpose of sales increase, local government must improve local image at first.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2016

On account of population aging and increasing cardiovascular disorders, acute cardiac arrest cases are escalating each year. In order to increase the survival rate of the patients, rapid cardiopulmonary resuscitation is necessary. For this reason, the government is expanding the supply of Automated External Defibrillators(AED). However, the AEDs cannot be effectively deployed to the incident cases that occur outdoors, for the installed AEDs are mostly located indoors. After analyzing the distribution of incident cases within the study area, about 11% of cardiac arrest incidents occurred in open spaces including sidewalks and residential areas. This study was conducted to increase the survival rate of the patients by allocating 41 additional AEDs in the study area using a GIS based location-allocation method. To conduct a feasibility study, the density of a senior floating population covered by the same number of AEDs placed at random and the density covered by the experiment were compared. In conclusion, having excluded outliers caused by geological and social factors, results showed that AEDs placed through GIS based location-allocation covered 5% more of the senior floating population density.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.207-232
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• 2011

The development of reliable earthquake mitigation plans and seismic risk management procedures can only be based on the establishment of comprehensive earthquake hazard and loss scenarios. Two cities, Grevena (Greece) and D$\ddot{u}$zce (Turkey), were used as case studies in order to apply a comprehensive methodology for the vulnerability and loss assessment of lifelines. The methodology has the following distinctive phases: detailed inventory, identification of the typology of each component and system, evaluation of the probabilistic seismic hazard, geotechnical zonation, ground response analysis and estimation of the spatial distribution of seismic motion for different seismic scenarios, vulnerability analysis of the exposed elements at risk. Estimating adequate earthquake scenarios for different mean return periods, and selecting appropriate vulnerability functions, expected damages of the water and waste water systems in D$\ddot{u}$zce and of the roadway network and waste water system of Grevena are estimated and discussed; comparisons with observed earthquake damages are also made in the case of D$\ddot{u}$zce, proving the reliability and the efficiency of the proposed methodology. The results of the present study constitute a sound basis for the development of efficient loss scenarios for lifelines and infrastructure facilities in seismic prone areas. The first part of this paper, concerning the estimation of the seismic ground motions, has been utilized in the companion paper by Kappos et al. (2010) in the same journal.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.129-137
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• 2009

While the broadband network and multimedia technologies have been developing, the commercial market of digital contents also has been widely spreading with recently starting IPTV. As the IPTV services are getting to be generalized and popularized, the contents protection and authentication system tends to draw more attentions. So we need a system that can protect contents and allow only authenticated person to use right service by controling user authority and using content encryption. Until now, the conventional protection and authentication system is taking advantages of merits both in CAS and DRM. But the weak point of this system are in high costs, complexity and using HW. For resolving these problems, in this paper, we proposed IPTV contents protection and authentication system using OTP. When we transmit the content encrypted by OTP key using contents delivery technology, we operate XOR with contents using another settop-box's OTP key which was transmitted from distribution server. And contents are reconstructed and transmitted to the settop-box, In the end, downloaded content are encrypted by OTP key and are superior in content protection when contents redistribution. Since OTP use double-authentication elements in encryption process, this method is excellent in content protection. And it is very effective in cost aspect because it could be implemented by SW program. Another benefit is that we can shorten the development time period. In this paper, we propose and find its possibility as a new content protection and authentication method suitable for IPTV services.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.44-58
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• 2006

This study of Shintoism is to inquire the relationships between social-political ideology and place of Shinto shrine(神社). In Korea, the Shinto shrine was a place of the center of Japanese colonial policy that symbolized the goal of Japanese Imperialism. This was one of the strategies of "Japan and Korea Are One". Before the China and Japan War in 1937, the number of shrines amounted to 51 sites, 12 of them were closely related to open ports, and the others were located at inland major cities. They also were associated with railroad transportation systems that tied coast and inland major cities. This spatial distribution of shrines was so called "Shrine Network" that was essential in tracing Japanese invasion into Korea. It was an imperial place where Japanese residence and colonial landscape were combined together to show the strength of Japanese Imperialism. Most of shrines were located at a hill with a view on the slope of a mountain and honored Goddess Amaterasu and the Meiji Emperor. I presume from these facts that Shinto Shrine was a supervisionary organization for strategic purpose. The Jeonju Shrine was located on a small hill, Dagasan(65m) where commanded a splendid view of Jeonju city and honored Goddess Amaterasu and the Meiji Emperor. It was a place which was adjacent to Japanese residence and colonial landscape. The Dagasan was changed as a symbolic site for Japanese Imperialism. But, after liberation in 1945, the social-political symbol of the hill was changed. By the strong will of civil, there was a monument to the loyal dead and the national poet, Yi Byeng-gi placed for national identity at the site of the demolished Jeonju Shrine. Dagasan as a place of national identity, shows the symbolic decolonization and the changing ideology. After all, this shows that political ideology is represented in a place with landscape.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.1060-1067
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• 2007

We need various methods to develop MMORPG that is game genre which many users use among various game genre using Internet. Specially, to heighten efficiency of distributing work, Object-oriented language such as C++ is used and we need design techniques that can take advantage of enough object-oriented concept when making large-scale game. There is various pattern that can apply in software breakup design in GoF's design pattern for these design techniques. If you apply Observer pattern to Party System Design for forming community between game users, you can easily add new class and maintain system later. Party Play is one of the important system that is used to form game users' community in MMORPG games. The main point that must be considered in Party-Play-System is to divide evenly experience value and acquisition that is got by Party-Play among users according to each user's level. To implement Party Play System that consider maintenance of system, in this paper, we propose a method using GoF's Observer-Pattern, showing you that proposed method which has advantage to dynamic memory allocation and to virtual method call can be used usefully to change object to real time at program run and to add new class and to maintain system new.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.7B
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• pp.608-618
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• 2006

The increasing popularity of multimedia streaming services introduces new challenges in content distribution. Especially, it is important to provide the QoS guarantees as they are increasingly expected to support the multimedia applications. The service providers can improve the performance of multimedia streaming by caching the initial segment (prefix) of the popular streams at proxies near the requesting clients. The proxy can initiate transmission to the client while requesting the remainder of the stream from the server. In this paper, in order to apply the prefix caching service based on IETF's RTSP environment to the wireless networks, we propose the effective RTSP handling scheme that can adapt to the radio situation in wireless network and reduce the cutting phenomenon. Also, we propose the traffic based caching algorithm (TSLRU) to improve the performance of caching proxy. TSLRU classifies the traffic into three types, and improve the performance of caching proxy by reflecting the several elements such as traffic types, recency, frequency, object size when performing the replacement decision. In simulation, TSLRU and RTSP handling scheme performs better than the existing schemes in terms of byte hit rate, hit rate, startup latency, and throughput.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.155-169
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• 2015

As an essential means to the exploitation of new demands, the export of agri-food has the price-supporting effect on the domestic agri-food and its expansion can be a good way to increase farms' income. Of course, to enhance farms' income under the liberalization of the market, it is necessary to have countermeasures considering various factors. To this end, the study understood the experiences of farms doing exports and looked into ways to improve them by reviewing their motivations to export, difficulties, requirements, etc. In this context, the study conducted the purposive sampling among tomato export farmhouses in Jeongseon-gun in the export enforcement phase and executed the theme analysis. The research findings and suggestions are as follows. First, in order to enhance the level of commercialization of Jeongseon-gun tomatoes and reinforce the trade bargaining power, it is necessary to form the consensus on policy and make the scaling of the site based on the strong organization power. To this end, it requires the active role of agricultural cooperatives that take a big portion of distribution in the site and distribute its profits directly to farmhouses. Second, it is necessary to set clear target markets for Jeongseon-gun tomato export farms and set sales strategies for each target market. That is, in order to expand the export of Jeongseon-gun tomatoes, after clarifying local sales and export sales, export farmhouses should focus on quality management and secure the quantity for export. Third, to expand the export to Japan which already has the foundation for the export of Korean tomatoes, and to new export countries of China, Russia, etc., it is necessary to set the 'Two-Track Strategies for Export Market (particular item for focus and particular area for focus)' through the building of network of tomato export areas in Gangwon-do. In conclusion, to expand the export of Jeongseon-gun tomatoes, agricultural cooperatives and leaders together should build the strong organizational power with farmhouses and secure the quantities for export. And, according to the 'Two-Track Strategies for Export Market (particular item for focus and particular area for focus)', export infrastructure and export operational system should be built and to do so, the solidarity of tomato export farmhouses in Gangwon area should precede.