• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.38-50
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• 2011

For energy-efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), when a sensor node detects events, the sensing period for collecting the detailed information is likely to be short. The lifetime of WSNs decreases because communication modules are used excessively on a specific sensor node. To solve this problem, the TARP decentralized network packets to neighbor nodes. It considered the average data transmission rate as well as the data distribution. However, since the existing scheme did not consider the energy consumption of a node in WSNs, its network lifetime is reduced. The proposed scheme considers the remaining amount of energy and the transmission rate on a single node in fitness evaluation. Since the proposed scheme performs an efficient congestion control it extends the network lifetime. The simulation result shows that our scheme enhances the data fairness and improves the network lifetime by about 27% on average over the existing scheme.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.177-196
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• 2008

The megatrend of convergence in finance, telecommunication, and service industries is being spread over the whole industry. It has generated various kinds of contractual alliance or joint venture. Our paper builds a theoretical model for the profit sharing between two firms that participate in a joint venture. The model shows how the profit sharing rule affects the incentives of the participants, and, eventually, the efficiency. We derive the first-best solution of the profit sharing, where no incentive distortion exists. Then, we compare the incentive-affecting cases with the first best outcome, and assess the efficiency and the fairness of distribution. Our analysis shows that if we properly design the decision-making structure on transfer price and production quantity, we can reach the socially optimal efficiency.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.123-126
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• 2016

Energy efficiency in heterogeneous network is considered as one of the main issues when deploying the wireless sensor network. In heterogeneous network, the random distribution of initial energy at each node could lead to an instability of the network. Therefore, a resonable policy must be established in order to maintain the fairness in energy consumption and extend the working time of each node in the network. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the distributed clustering protocol (DCP) in heterogeneous network on different scenarios. Simulation results are compared with the results of a LEACH protocol in a heterogeneous network. In addition, the performance of system in heterogeneous network are also compared with the homogeneous network to illustrate the effect of imbalance in the initial energy on the life time of each node in the system. The result illustrates that the DCP protocol demonstrates better performance than LEACH protocol in both the heterogeneous and the homogeneous networks.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.59-87
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• 2004

In its Declaration of Principles, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recommends that, "to achieve sustainable development and a higher quality of life for all people, states should reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption...." This notion of sustainability lies at the core of many "commons" problems, where the central issue is to enable "individuals to sustain long-term, productive use of natural resource systems". In other worlds, a common definition of "sustainability" captures the idea of aligning human consumption with the capacity of ecological systems to supply, over a long period of time, such natural resources as air, soil, or water on which production depends. The concept of sustainability raises all sorts of political, social, and economic questions about the distribution of environmental protection. For sustainable community development to be addressed, these questions must be raised. In order to convince different citizenry of the necessity of sustainability, these questions must also be answered. This is where questions of equity, justice, and fairness arise. Sustainability and equity require that we deal with nature as an undivided whole, with no part being unsustainable. Sustainability and social policy also requires that we deal with the human population as an undivided whole. We simply cannot move people around the planet to either perpetuate past practices of earth exploitation or to implement sustainable planning. Everyone must work with the people inhabiting sensitive ecological areas, especially areas of regeneration. In the sustainable global community, we are as strong as our weakest link, or our most toxic community. This is the undeniable driving force for the infusion of equity into the sustainable development debate.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.134-146
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• 2005

Research about QoS in the ad-hoc networks for stable service of various applications has been needed as the expectation about the realization of the ad-hoc networks grows bigger. Existing researches about QoS in the ad-hoc network had the problems which can not guarantee the quantitative services or create the overhead. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm of QFAN(QoS Framework for Ad-hoc Networks) the framework to resolve such problems and considered application of the proposed algorithm into the ad-hoc networks. Our model can guarantee the minimum bandwidth of the real-time traffic as minimized the overhead. And, disproportionate distribution of bandwidth problem can resolve by the proposed algorithm through the fair share between real-time traffic and best-effort traffic about available bandwidth. We design both the TiRe(Tiny Reservation) and the ADR(Adaptive Drop Rate) control algorithm to apply the proposed QFAN. Using simulation, we confirm fair share of available bandwidth between real-time traffic and best-effort traffic as guarantee minimum required bandwidth of real-time traffic.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.1A
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• pp.74-80
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• 2000

In this paper, we proposed the MAC protocol and analyzed the performance for CATV/LAN network which was based upon HFC(hybrid optic coaxial) increased abruptly as alternative method of high speed network. Upstream channel which analyzed very deeply for CATV/LAN network have the preferential access property depending upon that position and unidirectional property. To solve this fairness problem, we propose the CSMA-CD/U/P protocol that transm it as $P_i$ probability although data packets is immediately transmitted when it was occurred. As the analytic result and simulation, we obtained $P_i$ value and its average delay time. Also, we get its variance value and queue length distribution. The mean delay time and queue length increase as the load and number of stations increase in the CATV/LAN network.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.5B
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• pp.318-325
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• 2008

HomePlug AV(HPAV) is the standard for distribution of Audio/video content as well as data within the home by using the power line. It uses a hybrid access mechanism that combines TDMA with CSMA/CA for MAC technology. The CSMA/CA protocol in HPAV has two main control blobs that can be used for access control: contention window(CW) size and deferral counter(DC). In this paper, we extensively investigate the impacts of CW and DC on performance through simulations, and propose an adaptive mechanism that adjusts the CW size to enhance the throughput in HPAV MAC. We find that the CW size is more influential on performance than the DC. Therefore, to make controlling the network easier, our proposal uses a default value of DC and adjusts the CW size. Our scheme simply increases or decreases the CW size if the network is too busy or too idle, respectively, We compare the performance of our proposal with those of the standard and other competitive schemes in terms of throughput and fairness. Our simulation and analysis results show that our adaptive CW mechanism performs very well under various scenarios.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-97
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• 2015

This essay aims to investigate the characteristics of the views of citizen participants of World Wide Views on Climate and Energy which was organized internationally targeting global policy making in Paris at COP21. It also analyzes the views of Korean citizen participants on climate change from the international comparative perspective. For this purpose, we try to outline the results of the consultations which offer 29 issues categorized into five sessions, such as importance of tackling climate change, tools to tackle climate change, UN negotiations and national commitments, fairness and distribution of efforts, making and keeping climate promises. As a result, we come to show some patterns and characteristics of the views of citizen participants in global and national context. Finally, we discuss some policy and theoretical implications of our findings regarding the future of international convention for climate change and of global citizenship formation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.385-397
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• 2021

This study examined service failure and recovery of domestic ethnic food restaurants based on a model of the repercussions of service failure dealing with seriousness and control and the cause-and-effect relationships among the variables relevant to the quality of relationships -trust, satisfaction, and loyalty. This study provides valuable information for Korean restaurant managers regarding food service failure and response plans by collecting data from actual Japanese tourists visiting ethnic food restaurants. The results suggested that it is important to develop a strategy to present the distributional fairness to customers who recognize the seriousness of service failure to control the situation promptly. These results can be used to establish more systematic business plans, improving customer management and firm performance. The advantage of this research is that it is time for substantial research data on the booming domestic restaurant industry and service quality to overcome the current recession and grow and solidify the current restaurant market.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.7-12
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• 2021

Wisdom Contents are created with experiences and ideas of multiple authors, and consumed in Internet based Social Network Services that are not subjected to regional restrictions. Existing copyright management systems are designed for the protection of professional authors' rights, and effective in domestic area. On the contrary, the blockchain protocol is subjected to the service and the block is added by the consensus of participating nodes. If the data is stored to the blockchain, it cannot be modified or deleted. In this paper, we propose the blockchain based undeniable multi-signature scheme for the protection of multiple authorship on Wizdom Contents. The proposed scheme is consisted of co-authors' common public key generation, multi-signature generation and verification protocols. In the undeniable signature scheme, the signature cannot be verified without help of the signer. The proposed scheme is best suited to the contents purchase protocol. All co-authors cannot deny the fairness of the automated profit distribution through the verification of multiple authorship on Wizdom Contents.