• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 1993

The behaviour of insectcide ethoprophos (O-ethyl S,S-propyl phosphorodithioate) in soil was investigated. In a laboratory study, the degradation of ethoprophos in soil followed first-order reaction kinetics. The half-life of the insecticide in the soil incubated with 10, 18 and $25^{\circ}C$ was 12.4, 5.5 and 2.5 days, respectively. Arrhenius activation energy was 73.8 KJ/mole. The half-life was 46.4, 17.6 and 6.9 day in the soil with 7, 14 and 19% of soil water content, respectively. The moisture dependence B value in empirical equation was 1.67. The adsorption isotherm for ethoprophos in the soil agreed with freundlich equation. The adsorption distribution coefficient (Kd) was 0.27. In a field study prepared in autumn with undisturbed soil column in a mini-lysimeter system, ethoprophos residues were largely distributed in the top $0{\sim}2cm$ soil layer and moved down to the top 6cm soil layer. Persistence of ethoprophos in field soil was correlated with variation in weather pattern during the period of experiments. The half-life of ethoprophos treated at March and October was about 17 and 5 days, respectively. The ethoprophos woil was degraded up to 90% at 37day after the both treatment. In persistence and mobility of ethoprophos in field soil, the observed data were reasonably corresponded with predicted data by some computer model of pesticide behaviour.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical therapists' perception of the use of gait measures, the frequency of the gait measures used, and also to identify the barriers that limit the use of these assessment tools. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Physical therapists from the Seoul, Gyeonggi area from March to July 2016 were included in the study. Over the course of 18 weeks, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a self-report questionnaire. A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed and 350 questionnaires (50%) were collected, however with the exclusion of 140 questionnaires due to non-consent, a total of 210 questionnaires (30%) were analysed. Results: Out of the 10 standardized assessment tools, the therapists showed the highest perception for the timed up and go test (TUG [n=153, 72.9%]) and they also had high perception for the 10 meters walk test (10MWT [n=149, 71.0%]), and 6-minute walk test (6MWT [n=123, 58.6%]). The respondents answered that the TUG (n=116, 55.2%), 10MWT (n=100, 47.6%), and 6MWT (n=51, 24.3%) was used the most often. On the contrary, only four (1.9%) therapists have used the Chedoke-McMaster stroke assessment and the Rivermead Mobility Index. The lack of time was considered as the most important barrier to the use of assessment tools in clinical practice. Conclusions: Through this study, it has been shown that the domestic physical therapists used the TUG and the 10MWT mainly due to high recognition and evaluation status; however, the lack of time was the greatest impediment to the clinical application of the gait assessment tools.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 1999

The leaching behaviour of $^{14}C$-paraquat in soil was investigated using soil columns (5 cm I.D. ${\times}$ 30 cm H.) parked with two soils of different physicochemical properties. $^{14}C$-Activities leached from the soil A (loam) columns with and without rice plants for 117 days were 0.42 and 0.54% of the originally applied, whereas those from the soil B (sandy loam) were 0.21 and 0.31%, respectively. $^{14}C$-Activities absorbed by rice plants from soil A and B were 3.87 and 2.79%, respectively, most of which remained in the root. Irrespective of soil types, more than 96% of the total $^{14}C$ resided in soil, mostly in the depth of $0{\sim}5$ cm. The water-extractable $^{14}C$ in soil was in the range of $6.10{\sim}9.01%$ of the total $^{14}C$ applied. The rest of $^{14}C$, which corresponds to non-extractable soil residues of [$^{14}C$]paraquat, was distributed in humic substances in the decreasing order of humin>humic acid>fulvic acid. The soil pH of the columns without rice plants increased after the leaching experiment due to the flooded anaerobic condition resulting in the reduction of the $H^{+}$ concentration, whereas that of the columns with rice plants did not increase by the offsetting effect of the acidic exudates from the roots. Low mobility of paraquat in soil strongly indicates that no contamination of ground water would be caused by paraquat residues in paddy soils under normal precipitation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.666-676
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• 2006

Gangliosides are widely distributed in mammalian cells and play important roles in various functions such as cell differentiation and growth control. In addition, diabetes and obesity cause abnormal development of reproductive processes in a variety of species. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects, and how they are related, are not fully understood. This study examined whether the differential expression of gangliosides is implicated in the abnormal follicular development and uterine architecture of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and db/db diabetic mice. Based upon the mobility on high-performance thin-layer chromatography, mouse ovary consisted of at least five different ganglioside components, mainly gangliosides GM3, GM1, GD1a and GT1b, and diabetic ovary exhibited a significant reduction in ganglioside expression with apparent changes in the major gangliosides. A prominent immunofluorescence microscopy showed a dramatic loss of ganglioside GD1a expression in the primary, secondary and Graafian follicles of STZ-induced and db/db diabetic mice. A significant decrease in ganglioside GD3 expression was also observed in the ovary of db/db mice. In the uterus of STZ-induced diabetic mice, expression of gangliosides GD1a and GT1b was obviously reduced, but gangliosides GM1, GM2 and GD3 expression was increased. In contrast, the uterus of db/db mice showed a significant increase in gangliosides GM1, GD1a and GD3 expression. Taken together, a complex pattern of ganglioside expression was seen in the ovary and uterus of normoglycemic ICR and $db/^+$ mice, and the correspoding tissues in diabetic mice are characterized by appreciable changes of the major ganglioside expression. These results suggest that alterations in ganglioside expression caused by diabetes mellitus may be implicated in abnormal ovarian development and uterine structure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.572-579
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• 2009

A monitoring system needs many parameters to increase devices for monitoring data and to support various services. In particular, monitoring the status of a device in a wireless mobile environment has a difficulty in displaying multi data in a limited screen size, and transfer of the status data of a device into a network is largely related with network traffic. The research aims at designing a control board that collects data in order to effectively manage a greenhouse environment system. Also, the research tries to appropriately operate devices, environment data monitoring, and the control of each device by realizing a multiplexed interface based on a web. Thus, in the case in which a distributed client was a computer, monitoring and control were obtained with a web browser through the Lab VIEW web server of a server or local control module in order to effectively monitor and control according to the status of a user. In the case in which a client was a PDA, application of a wireless mobile considering the scale and data processing capacity of a displayer was connected. As a result of the research, we could confirm a satisfactory outcome from the viewpoint of a human-centered design by supplying adaptability and mobility according to the environment of a user.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.437-445
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• 2017

An analysis of recent studies and a field survey were conducted to investigate the distribution of the exotic species Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and the results' applicability for biological control against ragweed, which disturbs the island's ecosystem. The ragweed beetle (O. communa) can be found anywhere on the host plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., which grows in Jeju Island. Moreover, ragweed beetles possess the following characteristics: a high host plant specificity, a high-temperature resistance, an excellent mobility, and multivoltinism. Ragweed is extensively distributed and gradually expands its habitat further on Jeju Island. For this reason, it is recommended to take advantage of O. communa for the biological control of ragweed instead of pesticides or direct removal, considering that Jeju is endowed with many natural reserves and unique insular traits.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2021

Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc is distributed throughout Asia and has traditionally been used as medicine and food. P. mume is known to contain large amounts of various organic acids, minerals, and phenol components. To date, the trend of P. mume research has focused only on the effects of antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial, with only a few studies have focused on angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a common characteristic of metastatic cancer through which oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the cells and tissues. In the present study, angiogenesis-inhibiting activity was investigated by evaluating the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the P. mume butanol fraction (PBF) and their ability to inhibit VEGF-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation, migration, invasion, and capillary formation. The polyphenols (12.81 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (28.4 mg QE/g) of the PBF exhibited high antioxidant activity. The results of this study showed that PBF did not inhibit the proliferation of HUVECs at concentrations of 25-200 ㎍/ml and did not exhibit toxicity to normal cells. However, PBF inhibited the VEGF-induced mobility, invasion, and capillary formation of HUVECs. These results show that PBF inhibits the angiogenesis of HUVECs induced by VEGF. Therefore, PBF could serve as a therapeutic agent for the inhibition of angiogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2005

Nanometric crystalline silicon (no-Si) embedded in dielectric medium has been paid attention as an efficient light emitting center for more than a decade. In nc-Si, excitonic electron-hole pairs are considered to attribute to radiative recombination. However the surface defects surrounding no-Si is one of non-radiative decay paths competing with the radiative band edge transition, ultimately which makes the emission efficiency of no-Si very poor. In order to passivate those defects - dangling bonds in the $Si:SiO_2$ interface, hydrogen is usually utilized. The luminescence yield from no-Si is dramatically enhanced by defect termination. However due to relatively high mobility of hydrogen in a matrix, hydrogen-terminated no-Si may no longer sustain the enhancement effect on subsequent thermal processes. Therefore instead of easily reversible hydrogen, phosphorus was introduced by ion implantation, expecting to have the same enhancement effect and to be more resistive against succeeding thermal treatments. Samples were Prepared by 400 keV Si implantation with doses of $1\times10^{17}\;Si/cm^2$ and by multi-energy Phosphorus implantation to make relatively uniform phosphorus concentration in the region where implanted Si ions are distributed. Crystalline silicon was precipitated by annealing at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours in Ar environment and subsequent annealing were performed for an hour in Ar at a few temperature stages up to $1,000^{\circ}C$ to show improved thermal resistance. Experimental data such as enhancement effect of PL yield, decay time, peak shift for the phosphorus implanted nc-Si are shown, and the possible mechanisms are discussed as well.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1042-1047
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• 2011

Copper and Zinc are essential trace elements for all living organisms. When presenting in excess amount in soils, however they can be toxic to plants. In order to examine the transfer of Cu and Zn from soils to plants and to predict their contents in plants using soil factors, we investigated total and mobile contents of Cu and Zn in soils and their uptake by lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in plastic film houses. Total Cu and Zn contents in soils were $17.5{\sim}65.9mg\;kg^{-1}$ (mean: $39.3mg\;kg^{-1}$) and $63.2{\sim}200mg\;kg^{-1}$ (mean: $137mg\;kg^{-1}$), respectively. Mobile Cu and Zn contents in soils were $(0.04){\sim}0.55mg\;kg^{-1}$ (mean: $0.18mg\;kg^{-1}$) and $(0.05){\sim}2.62mg\;kg^{-1}$ (mean: $0.47mg\;kg^{-1}$), respectively. Soil pH ranged from 5.4 to 7.3 and OM from 24.1 to $59.9g\;kg^{-1}$. Mean Cu contents in leaves and roots of lettuce were 9.20 and $17.2mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively which showed that Cu was accumulated mainly in root parts of lettuce and not easily transported to leaves. In contrast, Zn was fairly evenly distributed in leaves and roots with mean values of 54.5 and $56.7mg\;kg^{-1}$, indicating relative high mobility of Zn in lettuce. Transfer factors of Cu and Zn from soil total contents to roots and leaves of lettuce ($TFS_tR$ and $TFS_tL$) were between 0.1 and 1, while transfer factors from soil mobile contents to roots and leaves ($TFS_mR$ and $TFS_mL$) were between 10 and 1000. Transfer factors of Zn were higher than those of Cu, showing Zn was more easily absorbed by plants than Cu. Cu and Zn uptake was stronger influenced by soil pH and mobile contents than total contents and OM and could be significantly described by multiple regression equations including soil pH and soil mobile contents as variables.