• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.111-126
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the stress of housewife received in the family life and psychological distress of housewife. For these purposes, this research conducted a survey by using questionaire developed by former researchers. The subjects of this study are 418 Centering on the housewifes living in Kwangju. The significant results are as follows. 1) General tendency of the stress level of housewife received in the family life is relatively low. 2) The household background variables(duration of marriage, level of education, husband's occupation, income, leisure actives, socio-economics status) have turned out to be significant on the stress level of housewife received in the family life and psychological distress of housewife. 3) There are positive corriations between housewife's stress received in the family life and psychological distress level of housewife. 4) In stepwise multiple regression analysis, the psychological distress of housewife was greatly influenced by variables such as the health problem.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1996

This study was designed to investigate causal relationships among related variables that determined psychological distress of aged mothers. In this study questionaires were used to measure and subjects were 244 mothers aged over 60 and lived in K city. 221 answers were analyzed by SAS and covarince structure analysis. The results were as follows: it was found that pocketmoney and health had direct effects on objective solidarity education level pocketmoney and activity on subjective solidarity marital status and health on psychological distress between exogenous variables and endogenous variables. Among endogenous variables objective solidarity had direct effects on subjective solidarity and self-esteem subjective solidarity on self-esteem and self-esteem on psychological distress respectively. Subjective solidarity was found to be most effectable variable on psychological distress.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.446-455
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the mediating effects of acceptance action on the relationship between diabetes distress and self-stigma in older adults with diabetes. Methods: A descriptive research approach was adopted using 187 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus by an endocrinology doctor. The data were collected from 26 to 31 March, 2020 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The mean scores for diabetes distress, self-stigma, and acceptance action were 2.98±0.64, 2.54±0.74, and 4.16±0.35, respectively. Acceptance action partially mediated the relationship between diabetes distress and self-stigma (z=1.98, p=.024), with an explanatory power of 51.0%. Conclusion: To reduce diabetes self-stigma among old adults in diabetes distress situations, it is necessary to improve their acceptance action and develop step-by-step differentiated acceptance action enhancement programs through multidisciplinary collaborations.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to analyze symptom distress and spiritual well-being in patients with cancer according cancer diagnosis, metastasis, treatment stage, number of hospitalizations and treatment modality. Method: The participants, 285 patients being treated in one of ten general hospitals either as in- or out-patients, completed the McCorkle and Young(1978) Symptom Distress Scale translated and adapted by Uhm(1986) and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale by Paloutzian and Ellison(1982) translated by Choi(1990). Data collection was done from June 19 to September 30, 2006. Results: For symptom distress, there were significant differences for cancer diagnosis(p=.018), metastasis(p=.000), treatment stage(p=.000), number of hospitalizations(p=.000), and treatment modality(p=.002). For spiritual well-being, the only significant difference was for cancer diagnosis(p=.002). Patients with ovarian/uterine cancer had the lowest spiritual well-being. Conclusion: For patients with cancer, symptom distress was significantly different for illness and treatment factors, in particular, stage of illness, while for spiritual well-being, patients with uterine ovarian cancer had the lowest spiritual level. These results indicate a need to develop nursing interventions to decrease symptom distress in patients according to treatment stage and to promote spiritual well-being, particularly in women with ovarian/uterine cancer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was carried out to understand the degree of moral distress of nurses and to provide scientific data for searching measures to efficiently manage their moral distress. Method: The survey was conducted with 302 nurses at the general hospital in City D by using the self-report type of questionnaire composed of 66 questions of 5-point Likert scale in four dimensions. Result: The mean scores of moral distress of nurses showed higher than average in all four dimensions: $80.54{\pm}14.82$ of 150 in the situational dimension, $52.99{\pm}9.98$ of 90 in the cognitive dimension, $13.30{\pm}2.85$ of 25 in the behavioral dimension, and $48.06{\pm}7.76$ of 65 in the emotional dimension. In addition, moral stress of each factor in the situational area showed $34.20{\pm}7.27$ in negative medical behavior, $10.98{\pm}2.53$ in lack of respect for autonomy of patients, excessive economic burden $10.86{\pm}2.94$, $7.40{\pm}1.89$ in irrational organizational administration and $17.10{\pm}3.50$ in negative nursing behavior. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop the intervention program to help nurses to reduce their moral distress since its degree showed considerably high.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.314-322
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to investigate relationships among distress, depression, anxiety, and spiritual needs of hospitalized patients with stomach cancer. Methods: The participants were 120 in-patients with stomach cancer for surgery or chemotherapy at C University in Seoul from December 2010 to February 2011. To measure emotional and spiritual states was used Distress management version 1 (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN), the Hospital anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Spiritual Needs Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0, specifically descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: Distress showed positive correlations with anxiety (r=.49, p<.001), and depression (r=.44, p<.001). Anxiety showed positive correlations with depression (r=.59, p<.001). While, depression showed negative correlations with spiritual needs (r=-.25, p<.001). Conclusion: This study's findings show that hospitalized patients with stomach cancer experienced distress, anxiety, depression and high spiritual needs. Distress, anxiety, and depression of patients with stomach cancer were positively correlated with each other. While the level of depression was negatively correlated with the level of spiritual needs, indicating the higher the level of depression, the lower the spiritual needs. Therefore, nursing interventions for emotional and spiritual support need to be developed for stomach cancer patients.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.187-199
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SP-6 Seoam pellet therapy given to female university students in terms of menstrual pain, menstrual distress, and ADL difficulties. Methods: This study used a pre-test, post-test design with a nonequivalent control group. The participants were 68 female students in two universities. The experimental group(n=34) received Seoam pellet therapy at Sanyinjiao while the control group(n=34) received sham therapy. Data were collected from Sep. 16 to Nov. 30, 2012. Severity of menstrual pain, menstrual distress, and difficulty of ADL were assessed prior to and following treatment. Independent t-test, $x^2$ test, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for examination of group differences using the SPSS/WIN program. Results: Severity of menstrual pain (F=41.09, p<.001), menstrual distress (F=56.31, p<.001), and ADL difficulties (F=46.64, p<.001) showed a significant decrease in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Results indicate that this Seoam pellet therapy is effective in reducing menstrual pain, menstrual distress, and difficulty of ADL. Therefore, use of this method is recommended for relief of menstrual pain and menstrual distress through self-care.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine effects of a sexual function improvement program on sexual distress, sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy among breast cancer survivors. Methods: With quasi-experimental design, a total of 54 women after breast surgery were assigned into experimental group (n=28) and control group (n=26) after recruited via convenience sampling. They were endocrine surgery outpatients in university hospital at Chonnam province. Experimental group received a sexual function improvement program 5 sessions over 5 weeks. Sexual distress, sexual satisfaction, and marital intimacy were examined with self-report structured questionaries. Data were analyzed using $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact, independent t-test, and analysis of covariance with SPSS 17.0/window program. Results: Women who participated in the sexual function improvement program had lower sexual distress (F=27.29, p<.001), higher sexual satisfaction (t=3.09, p=.003) higher marital intimacy (F=17.51, p<.001) than the women who did not participate. Conclusion: Results suggest that a sexual function improvement program can be effective strategy to improve sexual distress, sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy. Therefore, this program can be regarded as useful nursing intervention program for breast cancer survivors.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the quality of life (QOL) and to identify the factors influencing QOL in gynecological cancer patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were 242 people who were receiving medical therapy or follow-up after surgery from one general hospital in Daegu. Data were collected from August 1, 2010 to January 31, 2011. A questionnaire including questions on QOL, distress score, distress problem, depression, anxiety, insomnia, perceived health status and body image were completed by the subjects. Results: The mean score of QOL was $70.68{\pm}13.40$. Religion, job, presence of spouse, level of education, household income, financial compensation, disease stage and recurrence were the significant factors related to QOL. Distress score, distress problem, depression, anxiety, insomnia, perceived health status and body image were also significant factors influencing QOL. Sixty eight percent of the variance in subjective overall QOL can be explained by body image, distress problem, distress score, anxiety, level of education and perceived health status (Cum $R^2$=0.689, F=76.316, $p$ <.001). Body image was the most important factor related to QOL. Conclusion: An integrative care program which includes general, disease-related and psychosocial characteristics of patients is essential to improve QOL in gynecological cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.49
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• pp.319-342
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• 2002

The nuclear family is no longer the typical Korean Family. In recent years, stepfamilies have been of the most rapidly growing family forms in Korea. Census Bureau data show that 5.9% of marriage were in 1980, 8.0% in 1990, 10.3% in 1995, 18.0% in 2000. Especially it is remarkable that women's remarriage have been increased. In spite of the fact, the stepfamily is not an urgent issue of social welfare in Korea. The stepfamily is more vulnerable than the first-marriage family in many reasons such as vague family rules, boundary ambiguity, and stepparent role ambiguity, which provides rationale for social welfare services. This study categorizes determinants of psychological distress in remarried mothers into individual, family, and environment level and tries to prove the relationships between psychological distress and determinants. Also, it explores the degree of psychological distress in remarried mothers using Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale. The respondents of survey research are 62 cases. The result shows relatively severe level of depression among the subjects. 46.8% of them are clinically diagnosed as mild, moderate, severe depression. Our findings suggest that the variables of marriage satisfaction, ex-wife's remarriage, role strains, marriage experience, and income are significantly associated with the level of psychological distress in remarried mothers. The most powerful predictor of psychological distress is the variable of marriage satisfaction. According to the result, it is desperately needed to pay attention to social welfare services or programs for stepfamilies.