• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to develop a scale for measuring learning outcomes in the distance teacher training programs. In order to develop the measurement instrument, the forty-four items were developed based on the literature review and ten experts' review. For data collection, a web-based survey was conducted among teachers taking a distance teacher training program at National Education Training Institute. With the data of 205 sample size from the first survey, the Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted and seven factors were identified. In order to validate the test, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed with 293 respondents from the second survey. In conclusion, this study reports the reliability and validity of a scale for learning outcomes in distance teacher training programs consisting of seven factors with 34 items; 1) system quality, 2) content quality, 3) service quality, 4) use, 5) benefit, 6) satisfaction, 7) transfer.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.51-64
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• 2013

Objectives : This study is performed to develop the oriental medical rating scale of knee pain and to assess its validity. Methods : 250 knee pain patients completed the previously accepted rating scale of knee pain(VAS, WOMAC(pain, function, stiffness), 6 minute walk test(number of steps, distance)) and oriental medical rating scale of knee pain which was developed by Hwang et al at 2012, before and after the 6 weeks acupuncture treatment. Comparing these results, we assessed the validity of oriental medical rating scale. Results : Comparing oriental medical rating scale of knee pain before acupuncture treatment with VAS, WOMAC(pain, function, stiffness) and 6 minute walk test(number of steps, distance), oriental medical rating scale showed correlation with VAS, WOMAC(pain, function, stiffness) and showed the highest correlation with WOMAC(function). Comparing the change of oriental medical rating scale of knee pain after 6 weeks of acupuncture treatment with the change of VAS, WOMAC(pain, function, stiffness) and 6 minute walk test(number of steps, distance) after 6 weeks, change of oriental medical rating scale showed correlation with the change of VAS, WOMAC(pain, function, stiffness) and showed the highest correlation with the change of WOMAC(function). Through factor analysis of oriental medical rating scale items, 4 factors(pain, swelling, deformation of the knee, thermal sense of the knee), 17 items were extracted. Conclusions : Oriental medical rating scale of knee pain reflected the patient's pain, functional limitation and stiffness well. And oriental medical rating scale reflected the patient's functional improvement after the treatment well.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.362-371
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• 2009

The key technology for developing high quality LCDs is about manufacturing BLUs with homogeneous dot distributions. Commonly, homogeneous dot distributions are obtained by the halftoning methods which convert a gray-scale image to a binary image. Among many halftoning algorithms, the error-diffusion technique based on the principle distance is known to show homogeneous dot distributions. However, this technique has a drawback; the extent of the principle distance at each pixel with respect to those of the neighboring pixels can be too small or big creating a gap or overlap. In this paper, we propose a new error diffusion algorithm based on the variable principle distance which improves the existing error diffusion technique based on the principle distance. The variable principle distance at a given pixel is calculated with gray-scale values of the pixel and its neighbors and thus the principle distance value is variable depending on the direction from that pixel. This variable principle distance technique helps BLUs obtain homogeneous dot distributions.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.631-634
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• 2006

Three main important sources for establishing GIS are the orthomap in scale 1:5 000 with Ground Sampling Distance of 0,5m; DEM/DTM data with height error of ${\pm}$1,0m and topographic map in scale 1: 10 000. The new era with Very High Resolution Satellite (VHRS) images as IKONOS, QuickBird, EROS, OrbView and other ones having Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) even lower than 1m has been in potential for producing orthomap in large scale 1:5 000, to update existing maps, to compile general-purpose or thematic maps and for GIS. The accuracy of orthomap generated from VHRS image affects strongly on GIS reliability. Nevertheless, orthomap accuracy taken from VHRS image is at first dependent on chosen sensor geometrical models. This paper presents, at fist, theoretical basic of the Rational Polynomial Coefficient (RPC) model installed in the commercial ImageStation Systems, realized for orthorectifying VHRS images. The RPC model of VHRS image is a replacement camera mode that represents the indirect relation between terrain and its image acquired on the flight orbit. At the end of this paper the practical accuracies of IKONOS and QuickBird image orthorectified by RPC model on Canadian PCI Geomatica System have been presented. They are important indication for practical application of producing digital orthomaps.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

A new method to realize 3-dimensional object pattern recognition system using Fourier-based feature extractor has been proposed. The procedure to obtain the invariant feature vector is as follows ; A closed surface is generated by tracing the surface of object using the 3-dimensional polar coordinate. The centroidal distances between object's geometrical center and each closed surface points are calculated. The distance vector is translation invariant. The distance vector is normalized, so the result is scale invariant. The Fourier spectrum of each normalized distance vector is calculated, and the spectrum is rotation invariant. The Fourier-based feature generating from above procedure completely eliminates the effect of variations in translation, scale, and rotation of 3-dimensional object with closed-surface. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a high accuracy.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.870-878
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• 2003

The scale is removed from the strip by high pressure hydraulic descaling at the FSB (Finishing Scale Breaker). Recently, the spray height of nozzle has a trend to be shorter for the purpose of increasing the impact pressure by the high pressure water jet. Here, the nozzle intervals should be decided after considering the impact pressure and the temperature distribution on the strip. In other words, the minimum of impact pressure at the overlap of spray influences the surface grade of the strip due to scale and the overlap distance of the spray affects the temperature variation in the direction of the width of strip. In the present study, the impact pressure of the high pressure water jet is measured by the hydraulic descaling system and calculated with regard to the lead angle of 15$^{\circ}$ and the offset angle of 15$^{\circ}$, and then the temperature distribution and the temperature variation are calculated at the overlap distances of 0 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm, respectively. The method of setting nozzle intervals is shown by utilizing these results.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

This paper has analyzed recognizing performance depending on the size of iris codes extracting by iris recognition algorithm using scale-space filtering. The iris images were created through pre-processing, the features were extracted by scale-space filtering, and the codes of 16 sizes were generated. The generated code's performance was compared for each code to calculate FAR and FRR by matching method utilizing Hamming distance. Every code had little overlapping portion between same person and other persons group so that the proposed algorithm's superiority was proved, and the performance of iris codes was analyzed for each size focused on convenience to use when implementing in realization. In addition, the iris codes suitable to iris recognition system that is high-reliable and is able to reduce user's inconvenience due to mis-rejection has been presented considering for commercialization.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.81-90
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• 2010

The existing most studies on the apartment sales prices have been limited to relatively small size apartment complexes and have not categorized the apartment complexes based on the number of households. Some of them uses the apartment-related indices such as regional value estimates, sales unit price, and view right values. In the case of Seoul Metropolitan Area, the size of apartment complex has been growing to the level of large complex over more than 1,000 households through new town development, redevelopment and reconstruction. People prefers to choose a large scale complex instead of small complex based on their perception that a large scale apartment complex provides more conveniences in living. The result of this analysis revealed that the variables chosen as important determinants of the hedonic price model for large scale apartment complexes were square meters of apartment unit, rent/price ratio, number of bays, distance to the nearest subway station, and heating system method. This means that the sales price of apartment unit will be higher as the square meters of apartment unit increase, as the rent/price ratio decreases, as the distance to the nearest subway station increases, and as the number of bays increase.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.14-21
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• 2015

Korean government plans to establish large-scale horticulture facility complexes using reclaimed land in order to improve the national competitiveness of agriculture at the government level. One of the most significant problems arising from the establishment of those large-scale horticulture facilities is that these facilities still largely depend on a fossil fuel and they require 24 h a day heating during the winter season in order to provide the necessary breeding conditions for greenhouse crops. These facilities show large energy consumption due to the use of coverings with large heat transmission coefficients such as vinyl and glass during heating in the winter season. This study investigated the applicability of waste heat from power plant for large-scale horticulture facilities by evaluating the waste heat water temperature, heat loss and energy saving performance as a function of distance between power plant and greenhouse. As a result, utilizing power plant waste heat can reduce the energy consumption by around 85% compared to the conventional gas boiler, regardless of the distance between power plant and greenhouse.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.182-197
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• 2004

In this paper we propose a new method of evaluating customers' service quality using triangle fuzzy numbers and semantic differential scale. These two parameters are useful for quantifying the customers' linguistic variables and subjective judgements. We define the Service Quality(SQ) as the ratio of the expected and perceived service and address the Agreement Rate(AR) calculated from the hamming distance in order to define the Service Rate(SR) as the geometric mean of the SQ and AR. Using the SR in the analysis of service attributes provides more appropriate to measure the customers' service quality and to establish a creative service policy for competitive service quality improvement.