• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.133-151
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• 2021

Purpose - This study examines the effects of expatriate transfer on foreign affiliate's labor productivity. Design/methodology - Using Korean-owned foreign affiliate-level data, we estimate the effect of expatriate transfer on foreign affiliate's labor productivity using the system generalized method of moments model. We also consider foreign affiliate- and host country-specific contingencies and test how they are associated with expatriates in enhancing foreign affiliate's labor productivity. Findings - We consider foreign production intensity and cultural distance between the home (i.e., South Korea) and host countries as key contingencies that influence the effect of expatriates on foreign affiliate's labor productivity. We find that expatriates are effective in enhancing the labor productivity of less production-intensive foreign affiliates. This effect is strengthened as expatriates are deployed to countries that share cultural similarities with the home country. Originality/value - Considering that previous studies provide mixed results on the effect of expatriates, our findings suggest that foreign affiliate-specific operational orientation and cultural distance should be considered jointly to understand the true effect of expatriate staffing on foreign affiliate performance.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.3872-3877
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• 1975

This study was conducted to examine the effects of the change of cap hole diameter and pressure on the travelling distance and the sprayed particle size for the medium range nozzle. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) The effective travelling distance was about from 1 meter to 8 meters and centro-position of the travelling distance was about 3 or 5 meters. 2) Main effect of change of cap hole diameter for the travelling distance was a slight convex quadratic curve. 3) Main effect of change of pressure increased linearly, its increasing rate about 1.6 was large. 4) Sizes of sprayed particles were less than 250${\mu}$ generally and the sizes decreased according to the increasing of travelling distance. 5) Changes of diameter of sprayed particles by cap hole diameter increased in accordance with increasing of cap hole diameter. 6) Changes of diameter of sprayed particles by the groove depth of swirl plate was very slight.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.46-53
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• 2002

Push-pull strength has been found to be associated with various work factors such as height, distance, repetition, duration, posture and individual factors. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of various work factors on push-pull strength and muscle recruitment pattern. Work factors were consisted of grip height(elbow, shoulder), grip distance(100%, 50%, and 25% of maximum grip distance) and shoulder angle(neutral($90^{\cire}$), and abduction($45^{\cire}$, $0^{\cire}$)) during sitting work. The results showed that the normalized strength and EMG value were higher at the elbow height than the shoulder height, and increased with grip distance and shoulder adduction. The results of ANOVA showed that there was significant difference on muscle recruitment patterns among the task conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to consider work factors as well as strength to prevent workers from work-related injuries.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.48-53
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• 2008

Although Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW) is not a recently developed technique, it has gained the attention of the automotive industry. MPW has become an accepted welding process because it enables the joining of similar, and dissimilar materials, with a very short cycle time, without the need for filler metal and gases. In this study, the effect of the stand-off distance on the weld strength has been investigated. The compressive strength of the MPW joints was evaluated using UTM. The interface of weld, IMC composition and morpology were studied by SEM and EDS. It was concluded that the stand-off distance and the voltage are the main parameters influencing the strength of weld. In case of too high stand-off distance, it influenced harmful effect because of the resistance of deformation.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of reaching distance on movement time and trunk kinematics in hemiplegic patients. Eight hemiplegic patients participated in this study. The independent variables were side (sound side vs. affected side) and target distance (70%, 90%, 110%, and 130% of upper limb). The dependent variables were movement time measured by pressure switch and trunk kinematics measured by motion analysis device. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used with Bonferroni post-hoc test. (1) There were significant main effects in side and reaching distance for movement time (p=.01, p=.02). Post-hoc test revealed that there was a significant difference between 110% and 130% of reaching distance (p=.01). (2) There was a significant main effect in side and reaching distance for trunk flexion (p=.01, p=.00). Post-hoc test revealed that there were significant differences in all pair-wise reaching distance comparison. (3) There was a significant side by target distance interaction for trunk rotation (p=.04). There was a significant main effect in target distance (p=.00). Post-hoc test revealed that there were significant differences between 70% and 110%, 70% and 130%, 90% and 110%, 90% and 130% of target distance. It was known that trunk flexion is used more than trunk rotation during reaching task in hemiplegic patients from the findings of this study. It is also recommended that reaching training is performed with limiting trunk movement within 90% of target distance whereas reaching training is performed incorporating with trunk movement beyond 90% of target distance in patients with hemiplegia.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.33-49
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• 2024

Despite COVID-19 and the global economic depression, cosmetics exports are continuously increasing due to the growth of Hallyu consumption overseas. Thus, systematic research is needed to determine what impact Hallyu has on cosmetics. Many studies have been conducted on psychological distance, Hallyu preference, and the overall Korean product image, but research related to the image of cosmetics has been insufficient. AMOS 26.0 was used to empirically analyze the impact of cultural distance, social distance, and Hallyu preference on the national image and the impact of the country's image on the image of cosmetics among females experienced with Hallyu in Indonesia and Malaysia. The empirical analysis showed that cultural distance, social distance, and Hallyu preference had a positive effect on the national image, and the national image also had a positive effect on the image of cosmetics. Since Hallyu has a positive indirect effect on the image of cosmetics, it strengthens the competitiveness of cosmetics companies in overseas markets. In Indonesia, only cultural distance and Hallyu preference were found to affect the national image. However, in Malaysia, all variables affected the national image. Thus, even the same Hallyu content could have different effects on the national and cosmetic images in each country. Therefore, strategies for utilizing different Hallyu contents that are suitable for each country are needed to revitalize Korean cosmetics in overseas markets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.601-608
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of distance between trunk and desk on forward head posture and muscle activity of neck and shoulder muscles during computer work. METHODS: Twenty subjects who have healthy conditions were asked to perform computer work in two conditions (distance between trunk and desk was 0 and 15 cm). Forward head angle was analyzed with a SIMI motion analysis system. Surface electromyography recorded the upper trapezius and splenius capitis muscles. The significance of differences in distance between trunk and desk (0cm and 15cm) was tested by paired t-test. The alpha level was set at .05. RESULTS: The results showed that the change of forward head angle was significantly higher during the computer work when the distance between trunk and desk was 15cm than 0cm. The muscle activity of upper trapezius and splenius capitis was also significantly higher during the computer work when the distance between trunk and desk was 15cm than 0cm. CONCLUSION: Our study suggest that the distance between trunk and desk was should minimized for prevention of forward head posture during computer work.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.104-120
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• 2018

The contribution of foreign tourist consumption on national economies is becoming increasingly important for many countries. This study examines the relationship of home-host country psychic distance (HHCPD), tourism shopping motivation and attitudes towards local and global fashion brands in host countries. Survey data from a sample of 500 Chinese tourists were collected at an international airport in Korea. The results reveal that all three key factors of HHCPD (economic, geographic and cultural distance) positively affect social shopping motivation. Moreover, only economic distance has a positive effect on commodity shopping motivation, while both cultural and economic distance positively influence souvenir shopping motivation. All three factors of tourism shopping motivation positively affect local fashion brand attitudes, while only commodity shopping motivation positively affects consumer attitudes towards global fashion brands. Thus, fashion marketers should trigger the shopping motivation of foreign tourists by maximising the psychic distance from their home in order to satisfy fashion-seeking tourists.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.190-201
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• 2024

This study examined the effect of the distance Infection Control Education Program (ICEP), developed based on the ADDIE model, on infection control knowledge, attitude, and performance among care workers in long-term care facilities nationwide. The program, developed based on the ADDIE model, was applied to 173 care workers directly responsible for nursing care of elderly residents in lomg-term care facilities. The distance ICEP for care workers was conducted through the website and lasted 30 minutes for each of the eight topics. To determine the effectiveness of the education, infection control knowledge, attitude, performance, and satisfaction were surveyed before and four weeks after the program. Differences in infection control knowledge, attitude, and performance before and after the distance ICEP were assessed by a t-test. A significant difference was observed in knowledge and infection control performance after the distance ICEP was administered to care workers. In the sub-domains of infection control performance, overall understanding of infection, regular infection control education, infection control by special pathogen (multidrug-resistant bacteria, tuberculosis, tick-borne infectious diseases), and detailed infection control education by infection site (pressure ulcers and urinary tract infections) were significantly improved. Infection control knowledge and performance improved through the distance ICEP applied to care workers. Satisfaction also displayed high scores on most items and indicated that it was helpful for infection control in facilities, confirming the effectiveness of infection control education. Based on the survey of care workers nationwide, the infection education program can be effectively used for care workers in the future.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.13-25
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• 2023

This study analyzed the impact of expectations congruence, usefulness, ease of use, and interaction on the satisfaction of learners who participated in distance learning. For this purpose, a survey was conducted targeting students taking remote classes operated by universities after COVID-19. The survey was conducted online using learning management system notices and mobile notifications at the end of remote classes. The research results are as follows. First, expectation confirmation was found to have a significant effect on satisfaction. Second, usability was found to have no significant effect on satisfaction. Third, ease of use was found to have a significant effect on satisfaction. Fourth, interaction was found to have the greatest impact on satisfaction. This study analyzed the impact on satisfaction with university distance learning after COVID-19. Based on the research results, it is necessary to specify teaching strategies such as supporting a distance learning environment optimized for learners and strengthening interaction.