• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2016

With the growing use of big data and data mining, it serves to understand how such techniques can be used to understand various relationships in the healthcare field. This study uses hierarchical methods of data analysis to explore similarities in hospitalization across several New York state counties. The study utilized methods of measuring crowding distance of data for age-specific hospitalization period. Crowding distance is defined as the longest distance, or least similarity, between urban cities. It is expected that the city of Clinton have the greatest distance, while Albany the other cities are closer because they are connected by the shortest distance to each step. Similarities were stronger across hospital stays categorized by age. Hierarchical clustering can be applied to predict the similarity of data across the 10 cities of hospitalization with the measurement of crowding distance. In order to enhance the performance of hierarchical clustering, comparison can be made across congestion distance when crowding distance is applied first through the application of converting text to an attribute vector. Measurements of similarity between two objects are dependent on the measurement method used in clustering but is distinguished from the similarity of the distance; where the smaller the distance value the more similar two things are to one other. By applying this specific technique, it is found that the distance between crowding is reduced consistently in relationship to similarity between the data increases to enhance the performance of the experiments through the application of special techniques. Furthermore, through the similarity by city hospitalization period, when the construction of hospital wards in cities, by referring to results of experiments, or predict possible will land to the extent of the size of the hospital facilities hospital stay is expected to be useful in efficiently managing the patient in a similar area.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.538-551
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• 2002

Even though the distance education via Web has a great advantage to overcome time and space, its problem that the management of trainees is not efficient compared with classroom and group education. This problem is a great obstacle to the objects and achievement standards of distance education, giving controversial arguments to the advocators of distance education. Distance educators need to monitor the trainees 'participation and responses continuously and offer appropriate feedback to the trainees. However, the existing distance education system only focuses on teaching and teaming activities, and as a result, the efficient management function of distance education is not available. Accordingly, the study attempts to find out the appropriate managing elements of distance teacher training in order to effectively achieve the goals of teacher training and the efficient management of distance education. Also, it proposes distance teacher training system that offers appropriate feedback to trainees, applying the derived elements of distance teacher training to the training processes. To verify the efficiency of the system, hypotheses on related items of distance teacher education and learning types are suggested, and the achievement of learning and its relations are investigated through questionnaire of learning types.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.167-176
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• 2021

In this paper, from the pervious studies investigating the current status of distance learning due to COVID-19, the needs of teachers for effective distance learning were analyzed. As a result, it was found that support related to distance learning contents was necessary. Specifically, it is necessary to establish a platform specialized for content production for distance learning, expand teacher training related to content production and operation, and improve the copyright system related to content production. In addition, since distance classes differ from those of back-to-school classes in system and characteristics, it is necessary to supplement the institutional aspects for distance classes. It is judged that it is necessary to support the evaluation method suitable for distance learning, the authority to operate the curriculum, and the learning management system. In addition, it was analyzed that it is necessary to expand the infrastructure for distance learning, and a structure and platform for self-directed improvement programs and self-directed distance learning are needed to prevent the learning gap problem from repeating due to distance learning.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2023

Background: As a restorative material used to treat dental caries, the light-curing type resin is widely used, but it has the disadvantage of polymerization shrinkage. The Bulk-Fill composite resin was developed to solve these shortcomings, but the existing research mainly focused on comparing the physical properties of a composite resin and a Bulk-Fill resin. A study on the light curing time and distance of the Bulk-Fill resin itself tend to be lacking. Methods: This study compares the surface microhardness of specimens prepared by varying the light curing time and distance of smart dentin replacement (SDR) as a flowable Bulk-Fill resin and Tetric N-ceram as a packable Bulk-Fill resin, and confirms the polymerization time and distance that becomes the optimum hardness. To determine the hardness of the specimen, it was measured using the Vickers Hardness Number (Matsuzawa MMT-X, Japan). Results: In SDR, the surface microhardness decreased as the distance increased in all time groups in the change distance from the curing tip. In the change of light curing time with respect to the distance from curing tip, the surface microhardness increased as the time increased. In Tetric N-ceram, the surface microharness showed no significant difference in the change of the distance of curing tip in the group of 20 and 60 second. But in the group of 10 and 40 seconds, decreased as the distance increased. The surface microharness increased as the light curing time increased in all distance groups. Conclusion: When using SDR and Tetric N-ceram in clinical practice, it is considered that as the distance from the polymerization reactor tip increases, a longer light curing time than the polymerization time recommended by the manufacturer is required.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-85
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• 2016

The purpose of the study is to report differences in the effects of learner characteristics on the self-regulated learning (SRL) abilities between Chinese and Korean distance learners by using a structured SRL scale. A standardized 54-item self-regulated learning scale (SRAS) was used. The reliability was tested both in China and Korea which showed the scale had good reliability. The comparative study were conducted by administering the SRAS on 1999 Chinese distance learners from the Open Distance Education Center of Beijing Normal University and 1941 Korean distance learners from H Cyber University. Data on four dimensions of SRL - planning, control, regulating, and evaluation - were analyzed using 't-test' and 'ANOVA' with regards to the learner characteristics such as gender, age, prior education level, semesters, location and major. Results indicated that the average participant had an above medium level of SRL ability in all of the four dimensions. There were significant differences in the self-regulated learning ability between Chinese and Korean distance learners. Chinese distance learners scored higher in SRAS than Korean distance learners. The effects of learner characteristics on the SRL ability showed different patterns in the two countries. As for gender, male learners scored better in SRL than female learners in China, whereas it was just the opposite in Korea. No age differences were found in China, but Korean data exhibited a consistent age effect in all dimensions. In Korea, the age group older than 46 scored the highest, followed by the group between 35 to 45 years old, the group between 26 to 35 years old and the group younger than 25. As for location, Korean distance students from metropolitan were better than those from other regions, whereas it was on the contrary in China, albeit the location effect was not statistically significant. Prior education level had a clear and consistent effect on the SRL ability in both countries: the distance learners from junior colleges had better planning, regulating and evaluating abilities than those who came from senior high schools. These results have been discussed in various contexts of distance/online education as well as in relation to different culture between China and Korea. The results will also have implications for designing distance and online learning generally.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to conduct an analysis on the factors that determine the distance at the time of target swing based on the use of late hitting of outstanding college golfers to verify the difference between late hitting and the distance that target increases in regular swing and the distance. Then, this research conducts an analysis on the correlation between club head velocity, ball velocity, launch angle, back spin, meet ratio and distance that become kinematics variables at the time of target swing. To attain the above mentioned purpose, 25 outstanding college players with average experience and handicap of 6 years and 5, respectively, were targeted Comparative analysis on two swing that target increase in regular and the distance was conducted by used driver. When it pertained to two types of swing. analysis system comprised of an analytical software called the Science Eye of the Bridgestone and peripheries was used to define the relationship between variables of club head velocity, ball velocity, launch angle, back spin, meet ratio that become kinematics variables. As for the method of processing data pertaining to the factors that determine the distance, differences of distance by the type of swing was verified by using independent T-test that leveraged SPSS 120 statistics program. Moreover, level of correlation between variables that contribute to the increase in distance through relation of correlation, and analysis of tendencies was conducted to analyze tendency of non-distance to increase in accordance to the increase of each variable. Key results produced through this experiment are as follows: 1. Artificial late hitting for increased non-distance that targets skilled players had effect on increased the distance(p<. 05). 2 The drive distance is correlated with each measured variable that is positive correlation to ball velocity, club head velocity, meet ratio and relation of back spin and launch angle are negative correlation. ball velocity and club head velocity are very high correlated with drive distance(p<.01), back spin and distance are negative correlation(p<.01). 3. Among each measured variable increasing the club velocity is the most contribution, and ball velocity and meet ratio and the increasing launch angle and back spin is negative effect for increasing distance.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2021

Shrub growth and fruit characteristics and working time of 'Duke' blueberry by shrub distance were investigated. Overapping rate of blueberry crown was 109% in 0.6 m shrub distance, 37% in 1.2 m shrub distance, and -88% in 2.4 m shrub distance, respectively. The number of main stem tended to increase as the shrub spacing widened. The other fruit characteristics, except for the fruit weight, did not show any significantly different according to the shrub distance. The yield per 10 a was 2,097 kg for 0.6 m shrub distance, 1,303 kg for 1.2 m shrub distance, and 710.7 kg for 2.4 m shrub distance in 2019, respectively. Total working time was 154 hr for 0.6 m shrub distance, 114 hr for 1.2 m shrub distance, and 74 hr for 2.4 m shrub distance. Therefore, the blueberry shrub distance was judged to be appropriate about 1.2 m in the long-termly. However, in order to increase yield early and income, the shrub can maintain 0.6 m distance during young shrub, it can managed flexibly to 1.2 m distance when it becomes a mature shrub.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2011

Various jumping and landing motions are shown during sports event. But most previous studies have not considered landing height and distance simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of landing height and distance on knee injury mechanism. Fourteen male(age: $28.86{\pm}1.99$ yrs, height: $177.00{\pm}4.69$ cm, weight: $76.50{\pm}6.41$ kg) participated in this study. The subjects attempted drop landing task onto the ground from 30 cm to 45 cm heights and to 20 cm to 40 cm distances. The results were as follows. First, higher drop landing height and longer distance showed greater degree of maximal knee flexion and valgus. Second, higher drop landing height and longer distance showed greater maximal knee extension moment and varus moment. Third, higher drop landing height and longer distance showed larger maximal knee absorption power. Lastly, higher drop landing height showed increased Peak GRF. Landing height was more related to the cause of injury, which was indicated by increased maximal knee extension moment, peak GRF and maximal knee absorption power. Landing distance was also associated with increased knee valgus moment and absorption power during landing. These results suggest that landing height and distance may be the cause of injury.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.107-124
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• 2020

Due to spread of covid-19, which began in December 2019, the usage of online distance learning has expanded within colleges. However, because of the lack of readiness for running online distance learning, professors and students had to experience a lot of inconvenience. In the near future, the usage of online distance learnig is expected to more expand, thus, it seems that there should be a strategies for sustainable online learning operations. This study aims to investigate which factors have impact on the continuance intention to usage of online distance learning of airline department students, focused on Post-Acceptance Model. For the empirical analysis, this study utilized a structural equation model after collecting 136 survey data. The results is as follow; First, user interface has positive impact on confirmation and confirmation has positive impact on satisfaction of online distance learning. Seconds, confirmation has positive impact on perceived usefulness, flow and social presence. Third, social presence has positive impact on satisfaction of online distance learning, but perceived usefulness and flow didn't have statistically meaningful impact on satisfaction. Finally, statisfaction of online distance learning has huge positive impact on continuance intention to usage. It is expected that the implications of this study enable colleges effectively to run online distance learning in preparation for the post-covid 19 era.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.4A no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2004

Digital technology has advanced significantly over the years both in terms of software tools and hardware availability. It is now applied extensively throughout many area of electrical engineering including protective relaying in power systems. Digital relays have numerous advantages over traditional analog relays, such as the ability to accomplish what is difficult or impossible using analog relays. Although non real-time simulators like PSCAD/EMTDC are employed to test the algorithms, such simulations are disadvantaged in that they cannot test the relay dynamically. Hence, real-time simulators like RTDS are used. However, the latter requires large space and is very expensive. This paper uses EMTP MODELS to simulate the power system and the distance relay. The distance relay algorithm is implemented and the distance relay is interfaced with a test power system. The distance relay's performance is then assessed interactively under various fault types, fault distances and fault inception angles. The test results show that we can simulate the distance relay effectively and we can examine the operation of the distance relay very closely including its drawbacks/limitations by using EMTP MODELS. Equally important, this approach facilitates any changes that need to be carried out in order to enhance the Distance Relay under test/examination.