• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.676-684
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• 2004

Many researchers have been carrying on study to figure out the exact collision efficiency between bubble and floc. Collision efficiency can has generally been quantified by using trajectory analysis which uses the hydrodynamic, the electrostatic and van der waals forces. Two types of method are considered to induce the hydrodynamic force in the trajectory analysis. One is to use stream function and the other is to use mobility function. There was some difference between stream and mobility function depending upon modelling factors and conditions in trajectory analysis.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2012

In this century, scientists realized that carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere cause a greenhouse effect which affects the planet's temperature. Therefore lots of attempts have carried out to decrease the discharge of carbon dioxide gas in the field. The dissolved carbon dioxide flotation (DCF) process was developed as an alternative of DAF process to decrease the discharge and reuse of carbon dioxide as well as to save energy consumption. To investigate the particle separation characteristics and the flotation efficiency of carbon dioxide, SCC model was employed in the DCF process which has been applied extensively for the evaluation and simulation in the DAF process. The simulation results by the SCC model revealed the predicted curve of flotation efficiency became decreased gradually over the optimal pressure range of saturator about 1.6 atm in accordance with the experiment results of the DCF pilot plant and the size distribution and the bubble volume concentration of $CO_{2}$ bubbles depending on the operation pressure of saturator. The findings through the simulation results led to the conclusion that there was no significant difference between $CO_{2}$ bubbles and air bubbles, affecting on the practical flotation efficiency, in terms of the initial collision and attachment efficiency.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2019

DABF(Dissolve Air Flotation with Ball Filter) is developed as the DAF with the addition of a fiber ball at the lower part of the DAF. The DABF with a capacity of 4,500 ㎥/h was constructed at Gijang SWRO plant in Busan. Since the ball filter has high filtration rate, the loading rate of DABF was designed from 20 to 42 ㎥/h/㎡. When one DABF basin is in the back washing mode, the loading rate of other two DABF basins is increased to 42 ㎥/h/㎡. Turbidity at the BF outlet in DABF is <2 NTU at turbidity of 5-10 NTU at the BF inlet. If there is no algae bloom and turbidity is low in raw seawater, only BF in DABF is operated and meets <2 NTU at the BF outlet. Even if BF is operated at high hydraulic loading rates, no significant differential pressure increases and reduction in the turbidity removal rate is minimal in a day. Thus, DABF is the pre-treatment technology that provides stable water quality even with BF onlyoperation without DAF operation. Compared with the DAF, DABF requires additional facilities such as valves, piping, and drainage systems for backwashing the BF. But in terms of footprint and operating costs, DABF has more advantages than DAF. With DABF application, the load of the downstream filtration equipment is decreased so that the capacity of the filtration equipment can be reduced. Also, if the downstream filtration equipment is to be maintained the same regardless of DABF, the operating cost of DABF is less than DAF.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1998

Dissolved Air flotation (DAF) has become increasingly important in the field of drinking water treatment, however, the research to investigate the mechanism of collision between bubble and particle has been limited. The electrostatic repulsion forces between them are critical to collide with each other. Zetapotential of bubble and particle show their electrostatic condition. In this research, a setup to measure the zetapotential of rising microbubble is made using electrophoresis method and measured ZP of bubble in our Lab. The results show the effect of pH on zetapotential of bubble. The findings from this research are compared with other results. It will he helpful to understand and explain the mechanism of collisions between bubble and particle on different conditions of bubble charge in DAF process.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.927-935
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• 2016

Dissolved oxygen is necessary for many biological processes as well as many industrial practices. Dissolved oxygen released from water in dissolved air flotation (DAF) systems can be have many different applications. However, DAF systems are very costly to operate. To develop more efficient DAF systems, a deeper understanding of the process of oxygen being released from water is required. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to simulate 100 oxygen molecules surrounded by 31002 water molecules at temperatures ranging from $0^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. Simulations were carried out for 10 ns, during which, in most cases, all the oxygen molecules were released from the water droplet. With MD simulations, visualization of the molecules escaping the water droplet was possible, which aided the understanding of the interactions between molecules at the nano-scale. The results showed that as the oxygen molecules moved near the edge of the water droplet that the oxygen molecules hesitated before escaping the water droplet or returned to the interior of the water droplet. This was because of the attractive forces between the water and oxygen molecules. Moreover, after most of the oxygen molecules were released from the droplet, some were found to return to the droplet's edge or even the interior of the droplet. It was also confirmed that oxygen molecules were released at a faster rate at higher temperatures.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2005

Ozone, a powerful oxidant, is widely used to remove microorganisms, pesticides, taste and odor compounds effectively. Dissolved air flotation (OAF) has been known as an economical process for treating algae and low turbid water quality. An ozoflotation system, combining ozone and OAF processes, has a merit which can operate the ozonation and flotation process simultaneously in a single compartment. This study investigated the application of the ozoflotation process for advanced water treatment by carrying out the pilot-plant experiment. During the test, ozone microbubbles were generated through a OAF pump and many kinds of parameters were evaluated under several conditions, such as raw water flow rate and ozone dose. As a result of the test, the optimum operating conditions of ozoflotation were decided to be 1.2 mg/L ozone dose and about 34 minute Hydraulic retention time (HRT). Finally, it could be demonstrated that the ozoflotation system can effectively improve the drinking water quality.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.743-748
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• 2009

화학적인 슬러지 개량은 하수슬러지의 탈수성을 개선하기 위해 주로 사용된다. 이 공정은 개량제를 이용하여 처리한 후 농축 및 탈수된다. 본 연구는 DAF 부상장치를 이용하여 하수슬러지의 개량(혐기성 보관시간, 응집제 종류, 및 주입량) 및 부상조건(슬러지 농도 및 A/S 비)에 따른 부상농축효율을 평가한 것이다. 혐기성 보관시간에 따라 하수슬러지의 비표면적과 여과비저항은 증가하였다. $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, $Fe_2(SO_4)_3$ 및 PSO-M을 주입하여 개량된 하수슬러지는 보관시간이 경과에 따라 부상농축효율이 거의 감소되지 않았다. 개량된 하수슬러지는 A/S 비가 0.01 mL/mg 이상이면, 부상농축효율이 저하되지 않고 96% 이상 유지할 수 있었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2004

본 연구는 응집 및 부상분리를 이용하여 돈사폐수의 고액분리 특성을 조사하였다. 응집은 jar-tester를 이용하여 응집제 종류 및 주입량에 대해, DAF를 이용한 부상분리에서는 돈사폐수 원수 자체에 대한 부상조건과 pH만을 조정한 원수, 그리고 응집제를 주입한 후 부상을 통한 고액분리 특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 돈사폐수를 무기응집제 만으로 응집침전 처리하는 경우 $FeCl_3$ > PAC > Alum 순으로 응집침전효과가 나타났으며, 적정 응집제 주입량은 각각 $1,000mg/{\ell}$, $1,500mg/{\ell}$, $1,500mg/{\ell}$으로 나타났다. 고분자응집제 만으로 응집침전 처리하는 경우 양이온 응집제만이 유효한 응집침전 효과가 나타났으며 적정 응집제 주입량은 $200mg/{\ell}$로 나타났다. 무기응집제와 고분자응집제를 혼합 적용한 경우 각 무기응집제를 $500mg/{\ell}$ 투여한 후 양이온 고분자응집제 주입 농도를 달리하여 응집침전효과를 고찰한 결과 무기응집제의 처리 효율은 $FeCl_3$ > Alum > PAC순으로 나타났으며, 적정 양이온 응집제 주입농도는 $25mg/{\ell}$, $25mg/{\ell}$, $100mg/{\ell}$로 나타났다. DAF를 이용한 부상분리 실험에서 응집처리를 하지 않은 원수와 pH만을 조정한 원수에서의 실험결과를 종합하여 순환비 400%, 압력 4 atm, pH 3이하에서 DAF의 적정 운전 조건이 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 응집처리를 하지 않은 돈사폐수 원수를 대상으로 DAF를 적정하게 운전하기는 곤란한 것으로 판단되었으며, 또한 무기응집제로만 응집처리한 후 부상분리를 실시하였을 경우 floc의 강도가 약해 floc의 깨짐 현상이 나타나 부상분리가 이루어지지 않았다. 한편 무기응집제와 고분자응집제를 혼합하여 응집처리한 후 부상분리를 실시하는 경우 효과적인 부상분리가 이루어졌으며, Alum $500mg/{\ell}$를 기준으로 양이온 고분자응집제 주입농도가 $50mg/{\ell}$에서 가장 양호한 처리 결과를 나타내었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Gravity thickening process has been widely used in WTP sludge thickening at domestic water treatment plant. The operation method of the process is very simple, however, the process requires long detention time about 24~48 hours for sludge thickening, uses polymer, and low total solids of thickened sludge to increase sludge thickening efficiency. To solve there problems, we studied about flotation process, especially, electro-flotation (EF) process in WTP sludge thickening. Electro-flotation process is simpler than dissolved-air-flotation(DAF) process because EF needs only electrode and current to generate micro-bubbles and the operation is easy. This study was performed at two batch columns to compare interface height, total solids, effluent turbidity between an electro-flotation thickening and a gravity thickening. According to the result, an electro-flotation thickening was that interface height was decreasing, total solids had high concentration, and effluent turbidity was low in comparison with a gravity thickening. Also, it will make the high efficiency of following process, such as a dehydrating process and digestive process. because of high total solids and low moisture content in the sludge.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1985

활성(活性)슬러지가 팽화(膨化)를 하였거나 환기조내(環氣槽內)의 MLSS 농도(濃度)가 높은 경우, 종래(從來)의 중력침전법(重力沈澱法)으로는 슬러지의 분리(分離)가 어렵다. 이 문제(問題)의 해결책으로 가압부상법(加壓浮上法)을 이용(利用)하는 방법(方法) 연구(硏究)하였다. 가압부상법(加壓浮上法)의 효과(效果)에 영향(影響) 주는 인자중(因子中) 중요(重要)하다고 생각되는 환기조내(環氣槽內)의 MLSS 온도(溫度), 슬러지의 성상( 性狀), 가압수량비(加壓水量比), 압력(壓力)의 변화(變化)에 따른 가압부상법(加壓浮上法)의 효율(效率)에 관하여 회분식(回分式) 실험(實險)과 연속식(連續式) 실허(實驗)을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 활성(活性)슬러지가 혼합액(混合液)의 분리(分離)가 종래(從來)의 중력침전법(重力沈澱法)으로는 어려운 경우에도 가압부상법(加壓浮上法)은 매우 좋은 효과(效果)를 나타낸다. 가압부상법(加壓浮上法)에는 한계(限界) 가압수량비(加壓水量比)가 존재(存在)하며 이 한계치(限界値)는 압력(壓力)에 따라 변화(變化)한다. 압력(壓力)은 단지 가압수량비(加壓水量比)에만 영향(影響)을 미치고 그 외(外)의 가압부상(加壓浮上) 효율(效率)에는 거의 영향(影響)이 없다. 연속식(連續式) 실험(實驗)이 회분식(回分式) 실험(實驗)보다 다소 효율(效率)이 떨어진다.