• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2020

In this study, copper (II) oxide powder for electroplating was prepared by recovering CuCl₂ from NaClO₃ type etching wastes via recovered non-sintering two step chemical reaction. In case of alkali copper carbonate [mCuCo₃·nCu(OH)₂], first reaction product, CuCo₃ is produced more than Cu(OH)₂ when the reaction molar ratio of sodium carbonate is low, since m is larger than n. As the reaction molar ratio of sodium carbonate increased, m is larger than n and Cu(OH)₂ was produced more than CuCO₃. In the case of m has same values as n, the optimum reaction mole ratio was 1.44 at the reaction temperature of 80℃ based on the theoretical copper content of 57.5 wt. %. The optimum amount of sodium hydroxide was 120 g at 80℃ for production of copper (II) oxide prepared by using basic copper carbonate product of first reaction. At this time, the yield of copper (II) oxide was 96.6 wt.%. Also, the chloride ion concentration was 9.7 mg/L. The properties of produced copper (II) oxide such as mean particle size, dissolution time for sulfuric acid, and repose angle were 19.5 mm, 64 second, and 34.8°, respectively. As a result of the hole filling test, it was found that the copper oxide (II) prepared with 120 g of sodium hydroxide, the optimum amount of basic hydroxide for copper carbonate, has a hole filling of 11.0 mm, which satisfies the general hole filling management range of 15 mm or less.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1992년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.77-81
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• 1992

The purpose of this research was th evaluate conductivity of electricity of Ge-Se-Bi system Chalcogenide glass as a amorphous semiconductor by observing its dissolution and crystallization. In this experiment. Ge-Se-Bi metal powder in the rage of $Ge_{12-25}$, $Se_{65-85}$, $Bi_{2.5-15}$ was used as the sample ore. The ore was. put into a vaccous quartz tube and then melted. The condition of heat treatment was to dispose it to $1000^{\circ}C$ heat for 10 hours and then rapidly quenched it at $3834^{\circ}C$/see. The crystallization of the fused sample ripened as the change of temperature and time, after the crystal core was formell. At that time it was possible to observe the state that $Bi_2Se_3$ and $GeSe_2$ were crystallized. In the experiment of making memberance, the memberance was produced by using the previously experimented bulk sample. And decrystalization was well progressed when Ge was over 15 at %, Se was over 70 at %, and Bi was under 10 at%. As for bulk. when Ge was fixed to 20 at %, the conducting of electricity was increased as Bi gained at %. In the case of memberance, the conductivity was much more increased than that of bulk sample as the increase of at the increase of at % of Bi. In the experiment on $Ge_{20}$, $Se_{77.5}$ and $Bi_{2.5}$, the crystallization sswas most vigorous when they were kept at $330^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

Six common tablet disintegrants (corn starch, Avicel PH102, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, Primojel, Kollidon CL and Ac-Di-Sol) were used at the concentration of 0, 2, 4 and 6% (w/w) in salicylamide tablets made with wet granulation method. Certain physical parameters of the disintegrants (moisture sorption, hydration capacity and bulk density) were determined to evaluate their relative efficiency. The disintegration time and dissolution rate of the tablets were correlated well with the ranks of initial rate of moisture sorption for each disintegrant as follows; Ac-Di-Sol, Kollidon CL, primojel, calcium CMC, corn starch and Avicel PH102. The initial rate of moisture sorption was important for the disintegration capacity as well as hydration capacity. The effect of storage at different temperatures and relative humidity upon the tablets containing various disintegrants was evaluated in terms of tablet hardness and disintegration time. Storage at high temperature reduced the hardness substantially and retarded the disintegration of the all tablets studied. Especially, the hardness of tablets containing Kollidon CL was significantly reduced. Although the tablet hardness was decreased and the disintegration time was increased under a moderate humid condition, both of them were decreased under the severely high humid condition of 80 or 90% RH, which was due to the breakrupture of tablet matrix bonds by the excessive uptake of moisture. Therefore, the stability caused by moisture sorption should be considered, when disintegrants having high moisture sorption such as Kollidon CL, Ac-Di-Sol and Primojel were employed in the tablets containing water-labile or hygroscopic drugs.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.619-624
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• 2006

유연탄을 연소하는 화력발전소의 탈황설비에서 생산된 배연탈황석고를 대상으로 가압반응기를 이용하여 수열반응을 통한 알파형 반수석고의 생성과정을 살펴보았다. 실험 결과 첨가제를 사용하지 않아도 반응온도 $120{\sim}140^{\circ}C$ 범위 하에서는 용해-재석출 기구에 의하여 알파형 반수석고가 생성되었으나 아스펙트 비가 매우 높은 침상형 결정이 생성되었다. 호박산나트륨을 첨가제로 주입한 결과 결정형상은 침상형에서 각주형으로 변화되었으며 혼수 비(water/powder ratio)는 33%까지 감소하였다. 호박산나트륨의 농도는 20 mM이 적정하였으며 반응도중 성형체의 붕괴를 방지하고 성형체의 기공부피에 의한 모세관 효과를 최대화하기 위한 최적의 성형체 성형압력은 $30kgf/cm^2$이었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.734-738
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• 2008

Ettringite$(3CaO{\cdot}Al_2O_3{\cdot}3CaSO_4{\cdot}32H_2O)$, one of the hydrated phase of Portland cement is usually formed in the early stage of hydration by the reaction of tricalciumaluminate$(C_3A)$ and gypsum. The rapid and strong crystal growth of separated rod-shaped ettringite have been utilized for the preparation of special cements of rapid setting, high strength and non-shrinking properties. The ettringite also has been noticed as a promising materials for the immobilization of various waste ions because of its unique crystal structure which has abundant channels and exchangeable ionic compounds. In this study, the formation and growth behavior of the ettringite was investigated in the system $C_3A-CaSO_4-H_2O$ using $C_3A$ clinker and gypsum to obtain a microporous body for waste ion immobilization. Ettringite was revealed to form by the dissolution-precipitation mechanism and the bulk body was by the entangled growth of rod-shaped ettringite crystals. The hardened body was composed of nearly pure rod-shaped ettringite interlocked each other with adequate mechanical strength. The homogeneity of structure, pore size, specific surface area and porosity of the hardened body were influenced by reaction temperature, water/powder ratio and the curing time. The hardened body prepared with water/powder ratio of 1 at $24^{\circ}C$ for one day showed excellent morphological properties for the purposed materials.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.729-736
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• 2005

HTGR (High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor) is spotlighted to next generation nuclear power plant for producing the clean hydrogen gas and the electricity. In this study, the spherical $UO_3$ gel particles were prepared by the external gelation process, and the characteristics of these particles were analyzed the particle shape, composition of precipitate, and thermal decomposition characteristics with the Streoscope, FT-IR, and X-ray diffractometer. Raw material of the ADUN (Acid Deficient Uranyl Nitrate) solution, which has [$NO_3$]/[U] mole ratio = 1.75, was obtained from dissolution of the $U_{3}O_{8}$ powder with concentrated $HNO_3$, and its concentration is 3.5 M-U/l. The broth solution is prepared with the ADUN, urea, PVA, and THFA solution. The droplets of the broth solution was made through a nozzle system. From this study, we obtained the following results; 1) an externel chemical gelation process is a suitable method in the spherical $UO_3$ particle production, 2) the particle shape are changed by an urea mixing time, THFA volume, and the viscosity of the broth solution, 3) the amorphous $UO_3$ particles obtained from these experiments was converted to $U_{3}O_{8}$ and then $UO_2$ by heat treatment in hydrogen atmosphere at $600^{\circ}C$.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2001

Mn-Zn 페라이트 단결정과 ZnO가 6 mol% 첨가된 SiO$_2$-PbO 다성분계 유리를 700, 800, 900, 1000 $^{\circ}C$에서 열처리시킨 후 계면반응과 자기적 특성 변화를 분석하였다. 계면반응분석 결과, 계면에 2차상은 생성되지 않았으며, 계면의 페라이트 부위에 Zn 농도가 증가하였으며 반대로 Mn 농도는 감소하였다. 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 접합시편의 초기 투자율 값이 떨어져, 주파수 100 KHz 에서의 700 $^{\circ}C$ 열처리 시편의 초기투자율은 1766이었으나 1000 $^{\circ}C$에서는 907로 감소하였다. 이러한 초기투자율의 감소는, 계면반응 시 페라이트의 용해 및 성분 원소들의 확산으로 인한 자성 소실부위 발생 및 계면의 페라이트 부위에 생성된 Zn농도 증가 층과의 열팽창계수 타이에 의한 잔류응력 발생에 의한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1994

AIN은 불안정하여 물과 접촉하면 12시간 이내에 172cal/g의 열을 내면서 가수분해되어 알루미나 삼수화물이 생성되었다. AIN의 가수분해 과정은 초기에 비정질 알루미나 수화물이 생성되었으며, 가수분해 조건에 따라 비정질알루미나 수화물의 용해-재석출과정으로 알루미나 삼수화물 특히 bayerite가 생성되었고, 응축과정으로 pseudo-boe-hmite가 AIN 입자표면에 생성되었다. 가수분해 온도 4$0^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 비정질 알루미나 수화물이, 4$0^{\circ}C$와 6$0^{\circ}C$ 사이에서는 bayerite가 각각 생성되었고, 6$0^{\circ}C$ 이상의 경우는 초기에 pseudo-boehmite의 입자표면에 형성되었다. bayerite는 가수분해 시간이 길수록, 그리고 용액내 pH가 높을수록 잘 생성되었으나 pseudo-boehmite는 가수분해 반응이 급격히 일어날 때와 용액내 ethyl alcohol의 존재로 OH 기의 흡착을 방해하여 가수분해 반응이 억제될 때 잘 생성되었다. 그리고 pH=2.0인 용액에서는 AIN의 가수분해가 거의 일어나지 않았다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2011

Glass-ceramic materials, which consist of glass matrix phase containing crystalline ${\beta}-Ca_3(PO_4)_2$ and ${\beta}-Ca_2P_2O_7$, have been prepared by heating at $750-900^{\circ}C$ of calcium phosphate invert glasses in the silica-free $CaO-P_2O_5-TiO_2-Na_2O$, system. With increasing heating temperature from 750 to $900^{\circ}C$, the crystallite size of precipitated ${\beta}-Ca_3(PO_4)_2$ in glass with $55CaO{\cdot}35P_2O_5{\cdot}3TiO_2{\cdot}7Na_2O$ (mol%) composition increased from 48 to 91 nm. With the extension of the immersion time in dilute acetic acid solution (pH = 5) to ${\geq}$200 min, the degree of dissolution of $Ca^{2+}$ and $P^{5+}$ ions in the glass-ceramics was linearly increased and the solution was constantly maintained at pH = ~7. Biomimetic nanostructured (62-88 nm in average dia.), sphere-shaped hydroxyapatite was homogeneously formed on the surface of the glass-ceramics when socked for 7-14 days in a Hanks' solution, indicating bioactivity of the prepared glass-ceramics.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1987

마늘 플레이크 건조시 갈변을 방지하기위하여 축합 인산염의 농도 및 침지시간에 따라서 마늘 플레이크의 갈변현상을 조사하였다. 마늘 플레이크 건조중 갈변억제는 인산염 농도, 침지시간 및 환원당에 의해서 크게 좌우되며 갈변물질의 형성속도는 환원당 함량과 반비례의 관계가 있었다. 인산염 처리는 0.3%에서 3분간 침지함으로서 마늘 건조중 갈변을 억제할 수 있었으며 pyruvate 성분의 감소는 $0.2{\sim}0.3%$에서 3분 침지하는 것이 가장 적었다. 건조수율을 인산염을 처리하면 처리하지 않을 경우보다 $1.62{\sim}1.75%$의 수율이 떨어졌는데 이는 가용성 물질이 용출되어 수율이 감소되는 것으로 생각되었다.