• 제목/요약/키워드: disproportionation reaction

검색결과 39건 처리시간 0.023초

九龍浦産 天然제올라이트의 物性 및 觸媒特性 (The Physical and Catalytic Properties of Kuryongpo Natural Zeolite)

  • 정종식;서곤;전학제;김호기
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.204-209
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    • 1977
  • 경북 구룡포산 천연제올라이트에 대한 물리적 성질과 촉매활성이 검토되었다. 정량분석과 X-선 회절스펙트럼으로부터 천연제올라이트는 30 ${\sim}$ $40{\%}$의 mordenite를 함유하고 있다. 원시료의 표면적은 $75m^2$/g에 불과하나 2N 염산으로 처리시 $320m^2$/g에 이른다. 톨루엔불균화 반응에 대해서도 2N에서 최대의 전화율을 보여주나, 활성저하가 심한 것으로 나타났으며 크실렌에 대한 벤젠의 선택성은 처리한 산농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

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수소파쇄 제어를 통한 HDDR 처리한 Nd-Fe-B계 재료의 보자력 재현성 향상 (Improving Reproducibility of Coercivity of HDDR-treated Nd-Fe-B-type Material by Controlling Hydrogen Decrepitation)

  • 김경민;김자영;권해웅;이정구;유지훈
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.111-116
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    • 2015
  • Nd-Fe-B계 합금에 대한 HDDR(hydrogenation : 수소화 - disproportionation : 분해 - desorption : 탈가스 - recombination : 재결합) 공정에서 실질적인 어려움은 제조된 분말의 자기적 특성, 특히 보자력의 재현성이 대단히 낮다는 점이다. 본 연구에서는 수소파쇄 시 입자 내에 미세균열을 최대한 도입하고 이것이 HDDR 처리한 $Nd_{12.5}Fe_{80.6}B_{6.4}Ga_{0.3}Nb_{0.2}$ 합금 분말의 보자력의 재현성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수소파쇄된 분말 입자 내에 미세균열을 최대한 많이 도입하기 위하여 분해반응 전 고온에서 충분히 수소방출 처리를 실시하였다. 추가 수소방출처리를 실시하고 HDDR 처리하여 제조한 분말은 보자력 및 그 재현성이 향상되었다. 추가 수소방출로 결정격자가 수축하면서 입자 내에 더욱 더 많은 미세균열이 도입되고, 이로 인하여 분말의 HDDR 반응 시 입자 전체에 걸쳐서 HDDR 반응이 균일하게 진행 되어 보자력의 재현성이 향상되었다.

Physical and Rheological Properties of Thermoplasticized Crosslinked-Polyethylene Foam in Supercritical Methanol

  • Cho, Hang-Kyu;Hong, Soon-Man;Baek, Kyung-Yeol;Koo, Chong-Min;Lee, Hong-Shik;Lee, Youn-Woo
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • 제17권12호
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    • pp.950-955
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    • 2009
  • The physical and rheological properties of thermoplasticized irradiation-crosslinked polyethylene foam using supercritical methanol treatment were investigated by GPC, FTIR, DSC, WAXS, DMTA and UDS. The polyethylene foam was selectively decrosslinked into thermoplasticized polyethylene in an appropriate supercritical methanol condition without any undesirable side reactions such as oxidation and disproportionation. The thermoplasticization was promoted with increasing reaction temperature to reach completion above $380^{\circ}C$. The supercritical reaction condition affected the crystallization behavior, and mechanical and rheological properties of the decrosslinked polyethylene foam, but not its crystallographic structure or crystallinity.

Attempts on the Preparation of Lithium Trialkoxyborohydrides. Stability and Stereoselective Reduction of Cyclic Ketones

  • Cha, Jin-Soon;Kim, Jin-Euog;Lee, Jae-Cheol;Yoon, Mal-Sook
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.66-69
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    • 1986
  • The reaction of potassium trialkoxyborohydrides of varying steric requirements with lithium chloride in tetrahydrofuran(THF) was examined in detail to establish the generality of this synthesis of the corresponding lithium trialkoxyborohydrides. The metal ion exchange reaction between potassium triisopropoxyborohydride and lithium chloride in THF proceeded instantly at room temperature and the corresponding lithium salt was very stable toward disproportionation. However, for R = s-Bu, t-Bu and 2-methylcyclohexyl, with increasing steric requirement, the lithium derivatives were unstable and thus dissociated into $(RO)BH_3^-\;and\; (RO)_4B^-$. The stereoselectivity of lithium triisopropoxyborohydride(LIPBH) in the reduction of representative cyclic ketones was examined and compared with that of the potassium derivative.

양이온 교환된 펜타실 제올라이트의 형상 선택적 촉매작용 (Shape Selective Catalysis of Cation-Exchanged Pentasil Zeolites)

  • 안병준;황병우;전학제
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.62-69
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    • 1984
  • 에탄올의 톨루엔에 대한 반응과 방향족 화합물들의 양이온 교환된 펜타실 제올라이트에서의 형상 선택적 촉매작용이 조사되었다. 톨루엔의 에탄올에 의한 알킬화 반응은 $400^{\circ}C$에서 최대가 되고 톨루엔의 동종간 주고 받기 반응에 의한 크실렌 생성은 반응온도에 따라 증가한다. 세슘이온이 교환된 ZSM-5에서 p-에틸톨루엔에 대한 높은 선택성이 나타나고 세슘 교환도에 따라 90% 이상까지 증가한다. 또한 세슘-ZSM-5는 p-크실렌에 대한 m-크실렌의 흡착속도를 감소시킨다. 이러한 현상은 펜타실 제올라이트에 교환된 세슘 이온이 부분적으로 세공을 막아주므로서 나타나는 형상 선택성으로 해석된다.

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Electronic state calculation of ceramics by $DV-X\;{\alpha}$ cluster method

  • Adachi, Hirohiko
    • 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국재료학회 1994년도 추계 학술발표 강연 및 논문 개요집
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    • pp.1-1
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    • 1994
  • ;The electronic state calculations for various types of ceramic materials have beell performed by the use of $DV-X\;{\alpha}$ cluster method. The molecular orbital levels and wave functions for model clusters have been computed to study the electronic properties ami chemical bonding of the ceramics. For ${\beta}-sialon(Si_{6-z}Al_zO_zN_{8-z})$ which is a high temperature structural material based on ${\beta}-Si_3N_4$, we have made model cluster calculations to estimate the strength of chemical bonding between atoms by the Mulliken population analysis. It is found that the covalent bonding between Si and N atoms is very strong in pure ${\beta}-Si_3N_4$, but the covalency around solute atom is considerably weakened when Si atom is substituted by AI. This tendency is enhanced by an additional substitution of oxygen atom for N. The result calculated can well explain the experimental data of changes in mechanical properties such as the reductions of Young's modulus and Vickers hardness with increment of z-value in ${\beta}-sialon$. Various model clusters for transition metal oxides which show many interesting physical and chemical properties have also been calculated. High-valent perovskite-type iron oxides EMFe0_3E(M=Ca and Sr) possess very interesting magnetic and chemical properties. In these oxides, iron exists as $Fe^{4+}$ state, but the experimental measurement of Mossba~er effect suggests that disproportionation $2Fe^{4+}=Fe^{3+}+Fe^{5+}$ takes place for $CaFe0_3$ at low temperatures. The model cluster calculations for these compounds indicated the existence of considerably strong covalent bonding of Fe-O. The calculations of hyperfine interaction at iron neucleus show very good agreement with the experimental Mossbauer measurements. The result calculated also implies that the disproportionation reaction is strongly possible by assuming the quenching of breathing phonon mode at low temperatures.tures.

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Purification and Characterization of Cycloinulooligosaccharide Fructanotransferase from Bacillus macerans CFC1

  • Kim, Hwa-Young;Choi, Yong-Jin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.251-257
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    • 1998
  • Cycloinulooligosaccharide fructanotransferase (CFTase) which produces cyclofructan from inulin was purified 332-fold from a culture broth of Bacillus macerans CFCl. The molecular mass of the CFTase was estimated to be 110 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, indicating that the enzyme has a monomer structure. The maximal level of enzyme activity was observed at pH 7.5 and $45^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 6.0 to 9.5, and at temperatures up to $45^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited in the presence of 0.5 mM $Ag^+\;or\;Cu^2+$ ion. None of sucrose (GF), l-kestose (GF2), or nystose (GF3) were found to be substrates for the CFTase, but inulooligosaccharides larger than nystose were attacked by the enzyme. The CFTase catalyzes not only the cyclization as the major reaction, but also disproportionation and coupling reactions involving intermolecular transfructosylation in the same manner as cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) (EC 2.4.1.19).

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XPS Studies of CO Adsorption on Polycrystalline Nickel Surface

  • Boo, Jin-Hyo;Ahn, Woon-Sun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제9권6호
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    • pp.388-393
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    • 1988
  • The chemisorption of CO molecules on polycrystalline nickel surface has been studied by investigating the resulting chemisorbed species with the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at temperatures between 300K through 433K. It is found that the adsorbed CO molecules are dissociated by the simple C-O bond cleavage as well as by the disproportionation reaction at temperatures above 373K. The former type dissociation is more favored at low coverages and at elevated temperatures. The isotherms of CO chemisorption are obtained from the xps intensities of C 1s peaks, and then the activation energy of the dissociative adsorption is estimated as a function of the CO exposure. These activation energies are extrapolated to zero coverage to obtain the activation energy of chemisorption in which thermal C-O bond cleavage takes place. The value obtained is 38.1 kJ/mol.

Reactions of Thianthrene Cation Radical Perchlorate with N-(p-Methoxyphenyl)benzene- and Methanesulphonamides

  • Sung Hoon Kim;Jung Hyu Shin;Kyongtae Kim
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.509-514
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    • 1989
  • Reactions of thianthrene cation radical perchlorate (1) with N-(p-methoxyphenyl)benzenesulphonamide (14) in acetonitrile at room temperature afforded various products : thianthrene (3), N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulphonamide (16), benzenesulphonamide (18), hydroquinone (20); 5-(5-benzenesulphonamido-2-methoxyphenyl)-thia nthrenium perchlorate(21), 2-benzenesulphonamido-2'-hydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy biphenyl(24), 2-benzenesulphonamido-2',5'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy -biphenyl(25), and a traceable amount of p-quinone(23). The formations of part of (3) and (21) can be explained by either disproportionation or half-regeneration mechanism but those of the remainders by diverse reactions of sulphonamidyl radical (27) derived from (14) (through single electron transfer, followed by deprotonation processes). Similar results were observed from the reaction with N-(p-methoxyphenyl)methanesulphonamide (15).

산처리한 Clinoptilolite Zeolite 의 흡착 및 촉매특성 (Adsorption and Catalytic Characteristics of Acid-Treated Clinoptilolite Zeolite)

  • 전학제;서곤
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.469-478
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    • 1976
  • 국내에서 산출되는 clinoptilolite 시료를 여러 농도의 염산, 황산 및 인산으로 처리하여 흡착특성 및 결정구조의 변화를 조사하였다. 염산으로 처리했을 때, 질소 흡착량은 5배까지, 벤젠 흡착량은 3배까지 증가되나 메탄올 흡착량은 별 변화가 없다. 처리하는 산의 농도가 높아져 알루미늄의 용출이 많아지면, 결정도가 감소되어 흡착량도 줄어든다. 이러한 결과는 세공 입구의 재배열과 양이온 교환에 기인하는 것으로 보인다. 산처리 시료의 벤젠 흡착량으로 부터 천연시료중의 clinoptilolite의 함량을 결정할 수 있으며, 이 방법으로 본 실험에 사용한 시료를 정량한 결과 약 40% clinoptilolite를 포함하고 있었다. 펄스방법과 microcatalytic 반응기를 사용하여 쿠멘크래킹 및 톨루엔 동종간 주고 받기 반응에서의 염산으로 처리한 clinoptilolite의 촉매 특성을 조사하였다. 쿠멘크래킹 반응에서는, 벤젠 흡착량이 최대가 되는 0.5N의 산으로 처리한 시료에서 전화율이 제일 높았다. 전화율은 반응물질의 세공을 통한 확산속도에 따라 결정된다고 본다. 톨루엔의 동종간 주고 받기 반응에서는 같은 경향을 볼 수 있으며 강산점이 있는 시료에서 활성 저하도가 크다. 이 활성저하 현상 때문에 전화율이 최대점은 처리 농도가 1N일 때의 시료로 옮겨졌다. $Ca^{2+}와 La^{3+}$로 양이온을 교환하면 세공구조내에 양이온이 있으므로 유효세공 반경이 줄어들어 촉매활성은 현저히 감소한다.

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