• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.55-69
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• 2011

The importance of unsaturated state in various geo-engineering problems has led to the advance of mechanical constitutive model emulating behavior of unsaturated soils in response to thermo-hydro-mechanical loading. Elasto-plastic mechanical constitutive model for unsaturated soil is formulated based on Bishop's effective stress. Effective stress and temperature are main variables in constitutive equation, and incremental formulation of constitutive relationship is derived to compute stress update and stiffness tensor. Numerical simulations involving coupled THM processes are conducted to discuss numerical stability and applicability of developed constitutive model: one-dimensional test, tri-axial compression test, and clay-buffering at high level radioactive waste disposal. Numerical results demonstrated that developed model can predict very complex behavior of coupled THM phenomena and is applicable to geo-engineering problems under various environmental conditions, as well as interpret typical behavior of unsaturated soils.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.142-153
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to survey primary students' perception of the global and local environmental issues. The subjects were 853 fifth primary students in Seoul, Busan, Daejeon, Anyang, Gimpo and Cheongju. The results were as follows: First, the perception level of the global environmental issues were global warming (M=3.99), drinking-water pollution (M=3.92), acid rain (M=3.77), yellow dust (M=3.66), ozone depletion (M=3.57), deforestation in tropical areas (M=3.52), desertification (M=3.36), biodiversity (M=3.40) and their perception level of local environmental issues were waste disposal (M=3.87), air pollution (M=3.74), bad smell (M=3.70), noise (M=3.61), river pollution (M=3.57), soil pollution (M=3.44). Second, it was shown that the metropolitan students' perception levels of environmental issues were higher than the non-metropolitan students'. There wasn't a significant difference in the perception levels of two scale environmental issues and characteristics for sex (p>.05). Third, the result of analyzing on the effects between characteristics was that the factors like 'environmental interest' and 'impact on personal life' had a strong influence on the 'behavior will' to solve the global environmental issues, and 'environmental interest' and 'personal knowledge' had a strong influence on the 'behavior will' to solve the local environmental issues. Fourth, the result of analyzing on the characteristics according to the types of the environmental issues showed that 'personal knowledge', 'environmental interest' and 'behavior will' were high in the global environmental issues (p<.01) and 'virtual contamination', 'human responsibility' and 'impact on personal life' were high in the local environmental issues (p<.05).

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2023

When a submerged floating tunnel is connected to the ground, there is a risk of stress concentration at the shore connection owing to the displacement imbalance caused by low confinement pressures in water and high confinement pressures in the ground. Here, the effects of the boundary condition and stiffness of the joints installed at the shore connection on the behaviors of a submerged floating tunnel and its shore connection were analyzed using a numerical method. The analysis results obtained with fixed and ground boundaries were similar due to the high stiffness of the ground boundary. However, the stability of the shore connection was found to be improved with the ground boundary as a small displacement was allowed at the boundary. The effect of the joint stiffness was evaluated by investigating the dynamic behavior of the submerged floating tunnel, the magnitude of the load acting on the bored tunnel, and the stress distribution at the shore connection. A lower joint stiffness was found to correspond to more effective relief of the stress concentration at the shore connection. However, it was confirmed that joints with low stiffness also increase the submerged floating tunnel displacement and decrease the frequency of the dynamic behavior, causing a risk of increased resonance when wave loads with low frequency are applied. Therefore, it is necessary to derive the optimal joint stiffness that can achieve both stress concentration relief and resonance prevention during the design of shore connections to secure their dynamic stability.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.57-71
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• 2019

This study intended to analyze the ethical clothing consumption behavior of female adolescents and use it as a basic data for education. Specifically, the female adolescents were classified according to their shopping orientation and then the differences among these groups were examined in terms of their ethical consumption behavior of clothing products, i.e., buying, using and disposing. As a result, three groups were identified: pleasure-seeking, intermediate, independence pursuing according to the shopping orientation sub-factors (loyal, enjoyment, impulsive, imitative and independent). The pleasure-seeking group were more likely to conduct ethical use behavior of clothing products, while the independence-pursuing group conducted more ethical buying and ethical disposing behavior. The lower their desire to enjoy shopping itself, the more cautious they are about their own decisions, and the more confident they about buying from the brand and store they liked, the more likely they were to conduct ethical buying behavior of clothing products. On the other hand, when the emotional and desire-seeking tendencies are combined with independent shopping tendencies, the more likely they conduct ethical use behaviors. In addition, the more they make independent purchasing decisions, the more likely they are to conduct ethical disposal behaivors. The results of this study suggest that providing detailed consumer education that considers individual differences in shopping orientation is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.131-143
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• 2000

This research aims to examine the pro-environmental food consumption behavior of two groups; the housekeepers and the restaurant cooks. The rationale for choosing these groups as target of research lies in the fact that they are expected to be the most active subject for enhancing the desirable culture of food consumption, through their close involvement in the whole process of food consumption in society. This study assumes the four areas of activity to be the meaningful categories in the investigation of the pro-environmental food consumption behaviour; planning of menu and purchasing the food materials, cooking, eating, and disposal of the leftover. By using these four categories, we attempt to provide with the empirical typology of pro-environmental food consumption behaviour and the analysis of the relations of it with socio-demographical variables. Their pro-environmental behaviors are divided into four types: $\circled1$ The positive awareness of pro-environmental cooking and eating, $\circled2$ The positive awareness of pro-environmental food consumption behavior, $\circled3$ The passive awareness of pro-environmental cooking and eating, $\circled4$ The passive awareness of pro-environmental food consumption behavior. There is no significant difference among the numbers of the cases that belong to each behavioral type. Seen in overall, however, we can say that the larger number of the cases belong to the passive type of behavior. Two socio-demographical variables of tole housekeepers and the restaurant cooks show significant corelations with the behavioral types of pro-environmental food consumption with the confidence level P<0.05, but there is no significant co-relations in other variables like gender, marital status, age, income, Engel coefficient, education. We also found that there is no great gap between the housekeepers and the restaurant cooks in their positive awareness of pro-environmental food consumption, the percentage of each group belonging to the type being 51.9% and 48.1%, respectively, but that the former shows much greater number than the latter in belonging to the passive awareness type of the pro-environmental food consumption, 75.3% and 24.7%, respectively. Although the restaurant cooks can be said to be more ego-friendly than the housekeepers, if we consider the rapidly growing trend of outgoing-diner, more efforts should be exerted to develop the education and advertisement program for enhancing the restaurant cook's pro-environmental awareness and propagating the desirable food consumption cloture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Purpose : this study purposed to investigate school nursing phenomena in Korea by applying ICNP, the international standard nursing classification system developed by ICN, and to compare school nursing phenomena at elementary, middle and high schools. Method : The subjects of this study are 110 nursing teachers from 82 elementary schools, 16 middle schools, and 12 high schools. In the survey, subjects were asked to score the degree to which phenomena and characteristics of Korean school nursing, identified in previous research, on a 5 point scale. Questionnaires were distributed and recovered by mail and email. The period of data collection was 6 months from July to December 2003. The general characteristics of schools and nursing teachers were represented with frequencies and percentages, the phenomena and characteristics of school nursing with the mean score of the questions, and the phenomena school nursing by school grade with ANOVA and Duncan's posterior analysis. Results : 1) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human behavior, the mean score of questions on inadequate stress management was highest at 3.24 points followed by the score on inadequate weight control (3.23), inadequate eating habits (3.22), the risk of spine disorders (2.68), inadequate emergency management (2.62), inadequate response to sex -related problems (2.19), and smoking and drug use (1.85). 2) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human function, the mean score of questions on oral health management was highest at 3.11 points followed by the score on the risk of digestive system disorder (2.87), improper eyesight management (2.81), the risk of respiratory system disorders (2.75), lack of sexual identity (2.52), and inadequate contagious disease control (2.12). 3) As for the mean score according to school nursing phenomena related to environment, the score of the risk of accidents in classroom was highest as 2.68 points followed by the score of the risk of accidents around the school (2.65), maladjustment to school (2.62), the risk of accidents outside the classroom (2.43), inadequate learning environment (1.83), the risk of exposure to socially and physically harmful environment factors (1.82), and inadequate waste disposal (1.77). 4) This study tested the mean scores of questions corresponding to each school nursing phenomenon in order to see if there is a difference in the school nursing phenomenon among elementary, middle and high schools, and performed Duncan's posterior comparison for school nursing phenomena. A significant difference was found at p<.1. According to the results, school nursing phenomena found to be significantly different among elementary, middle and high schools was smoking and drug use (p<.05), which appeared more problematic in high school than in elementary school. phenomena such as inadequate eating habits, inadequate weight control, inadequate response to sex-related problems and inadequate waste disposal were also found to be statistically different at p<.1; however, according to the result of Duncan's posterior comparison, no difference was found among groups in improper eating habits and improper response to sex-related problems, and a significant difference was found between middle and high schools in inadequate weight control and inadequate waste disposal. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to plan school health projects focused on the characteristic school nursing phenomena that had high scores and to develop and execute school healthe projects in accordance with the characteristics of elementary, middle and high schools. Considering that the scores of school nursing phenomena related to human behavior are high, it is necessary to introduce school health promotion projects in a systematic way.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.537-544
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• 2021

In order to describe the fill-up stages of a near-surface disposal facility vault, a mock-up test is performed, and its behavior during the fil l -up stages is investigated. On an in-site concrete foundation with a l ength of 6600mm, a width of 6600mm and a thickness of 400mm, a reinforced concrete disposal vaul t is manufactured with 4 precast (PC) corner wal l s and 8 PC side wal l s. 36 wasted drums are pl aced on the 1st fl oor in 6 by 6, and then the empty space is fil l ed with grout fil l er. These processes are repeated up to the 5th floor, and the verticality and the joint gaps are measured for each fill-up stage. The verticality is measured using a level at 6 positions on each side wall (3 positions on the left and right sides, respectivel y), i.e. a total of 24 positions on the 4 side wal l s. The joint gaps are measured at 9 positions on each side wal l (3 positions on the left, center and right sides, respectively), I.e. a total 36 positions on the 4 side walls. To measure the joint gaps, crack tips are installed on the left and right sides of every joint gap, and vernier calipers are used. The measured verticality obtained through the mock-up test was found to be ±0.1° based on the initial stage (ST0), and the result of the joint gap was up to 0.38mm. This appears to have a negligible effect on the structure.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1523-1529
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• 2011

Light Rail Transit is system that offer target Performance and function because various sub-system such as vehicles, power supply, signaling, communication, mechanical, track, civil is consisted as large complex system. Light Rail Transit and the complex system of safety, reliability to be a behavior, and target performance and function properly to system's configuration, design, manufacture, installation and test verification, through operations system requirements to accurately describe what It is more important. With this study, light rail system KSX ISO/IEC 15288 system life cycle process by applying engineering techniques utilizing light rail system in the early stages of construction from the concept, design, production, operation, maintenance and end-use to the disposal stage throughout the entire life cycle, from the beginning of construction until the end of construction of the stakeholder to define requirements, analyze the introduction of the system developers and system requirement of those who wish to be described accurately by selecting the best system and system requirement in order to achieve their purpose.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.527-537
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• 2012

Green consumption refers to a variety of activities including use and purchase of eco-friendly products and services and disposing of products in an eco-friendly manner. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of a green consumption education and awareness program offered to young children in a university-sponsored daycare. The education and awareness program was designed to improve young children's knowledge and behaviors toward the environment through green consumption education. The program was presented to 22 5-year old children in 15-20 minutes sessions, once a week for 4 weeks. Evaluation of the program was carried out through individual interviews with the children and their mothers. Upon the completion of the green consumption education program, there were noticeable changes in children's knowledge and behavior toward the environment. Mothers of participating children reported that children's environmental behaviors changed significantly, displaying a stronger green consumption attitude. This study suggests that environmental educational program during early childhood educational is an effective way of improving children's perceptions of environmental and conservation practices.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

Delaying and objection for the construction of storage spent-fuel disposal has prompted to consider expanding on-site storage of spent reactor fuel since it can eliminate the need for costly and difficult shipping and control of the spent fuel completely under the direction of the owner-utility. The dry storage unit developed in Canada can accommodate Korea heavy water reactor fuel elements and become a candidate for the Korean market. In this paper, finite element analysis were carried out in order to investigate the structural behavior of the nuclear spent fuel dry storage system, which is subjected to impact loads such as collision of a truck load and dropping of flask under the irregular operation.