• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.111-121
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• 2019

Recently, through the services that use drones at fire sites to deliver on-site and road conditions into the situation room and life-saving activities or the deliveries of first aid outfits at the accident scenes that are inaccessible to humans, there are more and more cases of dealing with emergency situations. Therefore, by studying the service design using drones in the initial stage of response to fires in dense residential areas, this study was intended to reify the service design area of the response stage, including the dispatch of fire sites and the fire suppression. To do this, through literature researches, research directions were explored by examining the concept and process review of service design, and by analyzing the application cases using service design. In order examine the validity of this study, a one-on-one interview was conducted to identify the use and problems of drones among incumbent firefighters, and identified the applicability of drones to fire sites by targeting drone experts. Field research was conducted to identify the location and distance of road conditions, site conditions, and 119 safety centers, by making Yongsan-gu, the most vulnerable area to fire in Seoul, as a research sample. And, among the methodologies of service design, Persona and Customer Journey Map were prepared and Insight was derived, by using virtual scenarios for the experience values and behavior analyses of the interested parties. Through these processes, this researcher intended to present the fire-response service design and help establish the direction of service design in the initial stages of fire in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2020

As the duty to report and investigate major elevator failures has expanded due to the total amendment of the Elevator Safety Management Act in 2018, more important information on major elevator failures that have been partially identified has been collected. As of 2019, the number of elevators in Korea exceeded 700,000, making it the eighth-class elevator powerhouse in the world, but there is a trend of increasing casualties due to accidents and breakdowns. An Seung-gang-gi is a term that encompasses an elevator that moves vertically and an escalator that moves horizontally. It is an important means of transportation for most citizens that are encountered almost every day in daily life, and it is also necessary as a means of transportation that enables the construction of skyscrapers. And it seems that its importance will never diminish in the future. Major elevator failures are the main cause of dispatch when accumulating the number of 119 dispatches, and the frequency of occurrence is high. It's a shame. According to Heinrich's Law, 300 minor signs and danger phenomena precede, 29 minor accidents and 1 major accident. Accidents caused by elevators are increasing every year due to the increase in the number of installations, and the damage is threatening the valuable lives and property of users and workers in related fields due to fatal risks such as death and serious injury. Elevator safety management can achieve its purpose only when it is managed with the usual interests, awareness of safety, and full efforts of the users, workers, and the government concerned. This study was analyzed based on 2019 data notified to the Korea Elevator Safety Agency on major breakdowns improved after the revision of the Elevator Safety Management Act in 2018, and a total of 8,256 data were analyzed using the SPSS 21 version, a statistical analysis tool, to analyze the correlation with technical statistics. Proceeded. Through the analysis, it was possible to obtain preventive safety management data to prevent serious elevator safety accidents from occurring, and to derive meaningful implications that related safety management and maintenance can be effectively operated to prevent serious failures. In addition, through this analysis, we expect the development of related industries and legal and institutional improvement.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.2 s.62
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• pp.31-43
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• 2006

In Korea, the Emergency Medical Service, EMS is provided by Fire Services with 119 EMS and all the public uses the service for free. Although it appears very successful and is respected nationally, structural problem EMS exist and are worsening. First of all, the "free riding effect" becomes increasingly problematic. Some argue that 30% of the demands is not urgent or emergent. The total number of demands is increasing even without the free riding effect. The Current EMS system itself cannot meet the increasing EMS demand. The medical aspect is so poor that the EMS cannot dispatch a medical specialist to the scene. The cardiac arrest resuscitation rate is only $1.24{\sim}9.9%$, compared to 40% in Boston, MA, USA. But due to the regulations and limitations of the Fire Service organization, it is difficult to secure enough EMS resources. To work out these problems, it needs a structural innovation. To secure enough resources and achieve higher medical performance we should invite the medical sector and the private sector into EMS arena by contracting partnerships with Fire Services and charging a reasonable EMS fee. We found through statistical test that any partnership system is more effective than fire-alone system and most countries around the world have partnership system rather than fire-alone system.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.95-109
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• 2017

The golden time of emergency vehicle is directly connected to the public safety. Therefore, national attention has increased to cut down the emergency vehicle's travel time. In order to shorten the intial dispatch time of it, emergency preemption system was installed at five intersections, and after test operation, whether it could be introduced in the country was estimated. We analyzed the effect of the traffic volume, emergency vehicle's travel time, and queue length under preemption and non-preemption. In the verification of the emergency preemption system, it was confirmed that the emergency vehicle's travel time was reduced from 350% to 24% compared to non-preemption system(TOD). In the saturated condition, queue length were remained 15 minutes and near saturated condition was about 30 or 45 minutes. At the non-saturated condition, the queue length's difference between emergency preemption system and general signal was small.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2014

There are numbers of unpredictable risk factors in the disaster scenes such as fire, explosion and fail to early life-saving or holding the flames which can lead to massive damage. In particular, fire-fighters who arrive on the scene within 5 minutes after dispatching, have a limitation to get aware to the situation of scene fully, because of immediate deploy to disaster scene with limited information. This situation may lead to disturbance that fire-fighters perform effective fire-fighting activities, to put fire-fighter's life at risk by misjudge the situation. Previous domestic and International studies focused vulnerability for spatial area or features which can damage to life and property in the event of anticipated. In this study, we have been developed fire-fighting vulnerable zone model that can analyze comprehensively hindrance factors for fire-fighting activities targeting whole life cycle of fire-fighting activities from dispatch to fire suppression or life-saving. In addition, we have been given shape to finality and applicability for our model by defining the new concept of fire-fighting vulnerable zone which can be distinguished from the concept of fire vulnerable area in previous studies. The results of this study can be used to analysis fire-fighting vulnerable zone type analysis, establish fire-fighting policies and improve the performance of decision-making process.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.53-62
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate duty-related incidental stress, coping method, and stress factors in 133 new firefighters. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was administrated to 133 new firefighters between April and May 2010. It consisted of 33 and 62 items concerning duty-related incident stress and coping methods, respectively. Data were analyzed by using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: New firefighters experienced the most stress when inappropriately dispatched. Duty-related incidental stress correlated with active (r = .420, p < .001) and passive coping (r = .450, p < .001). Also active coping statistically correlated with passive coping (r = .890, p < .001). Influencing factors of duty-related incidental stress were passive coping (t = 2.12, p < .05), experience of having a co-worker in a dangerous situation (t = 3.30, p < .001), having less than 6 months of work experience (t = 2.30, p < .05), and experience of having oneself in a dangerous situation (t = 2.05, p < .05). Conclusion: New firefighters need to be provided with training on active coping to prevent posttraumatic stress disorders and, social support immediately after an inappropriate and stressful dispatch.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.55-69
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the prehospital care report prepared by EMS squads of 119 center in Gyeonggi area and to identify the status of prehospital care activities, problems and improvement possibilities of the emergency care. Method : Five hundred copies of prehospital care report prepared by EMS squads in thirty-eight 119 centers under 18 fire stations in Gyeonggi area from March to April in 2008 were randomly chosen for the analysis. Data abstracted according to the purpose of the study were input and the analysis of prehospital care activities were performed using SPSS-WIN(ver. 16) statistics package. Results : 1. Total 500 cases of prehospital emergency care activities were reviewed. By sex, females were 219 (43.8%) and males were 281 (56.2%). The places of reporting were home (57.8%). According to the type of emergency, 281 cases (56.2%) were caused by disease and 291 (43.8%) were from other causes such as traffic accidents or incidental injuries. 2 The average time needed for the 119 EMS squad to arrive at the scene after being reported was 7.29 minutes. The time used at the scene for the emergency care was 7.3 minutes in average and the time to arrive at the hospital was 25.4 minutes in average. 3. In patient evaluation, in 68% of the cases more than two vital signs were measured at one time and emergency patients were 31%, and non-emergency patients were 69%. 4. In one EMS activity, average 2.15 cases of emergency care were provided to a patient. The cases where two kinds of emergency care were given were 14.4%, which is the most frequent cases. When reviewing the details of the emergency cares given to the patient including multiple cares, trivial cards (taking it easy and giving comfort) were the most frequent one as 40.6% and the medical direction of the doctor was given in only one case out of 500 cases. 5. In patient evaluation and emergency care, vital signs were provided to emergency patients at significantly higher rate comparing to the non-emergency patients. The number of emergency care performance was significantly higher in emergency cases. In emergency dispatch, the cases that EMT (1st class) was on board was 86.2%. When comparing the cases when the 1st class EMT was on board and otherwise, the cases with the presence of 1st class EMT showed more vital signs were detected but there was no significant difference in the number of emergency cares provided. Conclusion : It seemed that the on-scene emergency care did not satisfy the expectations. So it is necessary to enforce the cooperation between the elements, the qualifications of the 119 EMS squads and to improve the prehospital working environment in order to provide the better medical service at any time.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is helps to make full use for perfect performance by grasping the defects of Tichonkich motion performed by athlete CSM For this, the study analyzed kinematical variables through Tichonkich motions performed at the first selection competition(1st trial) and final selection competition(2nd trial) for the dispatch to the 28th Athens Olympic Games using the three-dimensional cinematographical method with a high-speed video camera, and obtained the following results. 1. During Tichonkich motion, the execution time of up swing and the right hand moving to the left bar was shorter in the 2nd trial than the 1st one, while the execution time of down swing, the support of the left bar and the right hand moving to the right bar was longer in the 2nd trial than the 1st trial. 2. The horizontal position of COG in the 2nd trial was -35cm in the 1st stage, 42cm in the 3rd stage and 29cm in the 4th stage, that is, it showed a great swing focused on the circular movement compared to the 1st trial, while the vertical position of COG was -59cm in the 2nd stage, that is, it showed a small swing focused on a up and down movement. Also the 5th stage vertical position was 98cm, and the 6th stage vertical position was 95cm in the 2nd trial which were higher than those of the 1st trial, so it has provided magnificence required in the modern gymnastics. 3. And it was indicated that the horizontal velocity at the down swing phase proceeded forward more rapidly in the 2nd trial than that in the 1st trial, and the reverse ascent made a rapid vertical rise lessening left and right velocity change. And in the 5th stage, the 2nd trial was kept very slower in horizontal, vertical and left and right velocity that in the 1st trial, so it reached a handstand with leisurely movement. 4. In the 2nd trial, shoulder joint of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd stages kept a larger angle than that in the 1st trial, that is, it made a great swing while in the 1st trial, it showed a swing movement dependent on kick movement by the flexion and extension of hip joint. Also in the 2nd trial, the body formed a vertical posture with both hands supporting the left bar and hip joint was kept larger as $198^{\circ}$ and $190^{\circ}$ in the 5th and 6th stage than that in the 1st trial, so it made a handstand with the body uprightly stretched out, and magnificent and stable movement.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2015

Purpose - Despite the structural irrationality of multi-level transportation and the oil price rise, the domestic freight transportation market continues to grow, mirroring the rise in e-commerce and resultant increase in courier services and freight volumes. Several studies on courier services have been conducted. However, few studies or statistics have been published regarding regular freight services although they have played a role in the freight service market. The present study identifies the characteristics of regular freight service users to seek competitiveness enhancement measures specific to regular freight services. Research design, data, and methodology - IPA is a comparative analysis of the relative importance of and satisfaction with each attribute simultaneously. This study used IPA because it facilitates the process of analyzing importance and performance, deriving implications and a visual understanding of results. To enhance the competitiveness of regular freight services, this study surveyed its current users regarding the importance of the regular freight service factors. A total of 200 copies of a questionnaire were circulated and 190 copies were returned. In addition to demographics, respondents answered questions about the importance of and satisfaction with services on a 5-point Likert scale. Excluding 3 inappropriate copies, 187 out of 190 copies were analyzed. PASW Statistics 18 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 20 question items were selected for the service factors presented in the questionnaire based on the 1st pilot survey and previous studies. Results - According to the IPA performed to compare the importance of and satisfaction with service factors, both importance and satisfaction are high in the 1st quadrant, which involves the economic advantage of using regular freight services, quick arrival at destinations, weight freight handling, and less time constraints on freight receipt/dispatch. This area requires continuous management. Satisfaction is higher than importance in the 2nd quadrant, which involves the adequacy of freight, cost savings over ordinary courier services, notification on freight arrival, and freight tracking information. This area requires intensive investment and management. Satisfaction is lower than importance in the 3rd quadrant, involving the credit card payment system, courier delivery service, distance to freight handling sites, easy access to freight handling sites, and prompt problem solving. This area requires further intensive management. Both importance and satisfaction are low in the 4th quadrant, involving the availability of collection service, storage space at freight handling sites, kindness of collection/delivery staff, kindness of outlet staff, and easy delivery checks. This area is a set of variables should be excluded from priority control targets. Conclusions - Based on the IPA, service factors that need priority controls because of high importance and low satisfaction include the credit card payment system, delivery service, distance to freight handling sites, easy access to freight handling sites, and prompt problem solving. The findings need to be applied to future marketing strategies for regular freight services and for developing competitiveness enhancement programs.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.77-90
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• 2009

Civil complaints and lawsuits filed in the process of providing emergency medical service include fall accident on the way of carrying the patient, transfer consent, refusal and rejection of rescue request, range and behavior restriction of emergency medical technicians, false registry of logbook, neglect of duty and emergency patient, and violation of traffic laws on the way of dispatch to the scene of accident. This study suggested the measures by cases as follows. 1. The accidents on the way of carrying a patient could be divided into fall of patient and fall by paramedic's mistake. In the former case, damages caused by the ambulance's shaking must be notified to the patient and guardian and recommended to fasten seat belt, in the latter case, the plan of patient's posture, route of transport, rescue and equipments should be comfirmed before fixing the patient. 2. Transfer consent must be made as implied when the patient is unconscious under delusion and was not able to consent physically, and paramedic must take an action by his judgment and record details of services on logbook. 3. When a patient refused to transfer, get 'confirmation of transfer refusal' and inform him of refusal. Paramedic should receive the signature. In addition, in case of refusal, transfer request should be made after hearing doctor's opinion and it should be notified to transfer request and superintendent of fire station after making 'confirmation of transfer refusal'. 4. Emergency medical technicians should perform their duties within the range of services prescribed by Article 41 of Law of Emergency Medical Service and Article 33 of Its Enforcement Regulations and shall not make announcement of death. In case of reporting the death to guardian, it is desirable to use record data like ECG results. 5. The best way to have protection from legal problems is making and keeping the exact records of accident and patient. Paramedic should not mention his subjective opinion about the accident-related matter. He must record correctly and keep the original medical records. 6. As emergency medical technicians are responsible for taking care of emergency patients, they must contact a briefing room when they meet a difficult situation suddenly due to vehicle stop or treatment of other patients and then must have support from neighboring hospital and other safety centers. 7. Since the ambulance operator is responsible for safety and careful driving of ambulance, he must be careful when he violates traffic regulations unavoidably. The operator should drive slowly below 10km/h at an intersection and pass it after getting way from general vehicles driving from all directions.