• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.578-588
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• 2005

Face robots capable of expressing their emotional status, can be adopted as an efficient tool for friendly communication between the human and the machine. In this paper, we present a face robot actuated with artificial muscle based on dielectric elastomer. By exploiting the properties of dielectric elastomer, it is possible to actuate the covering skin, eyes as well as provide human-like expressivity without employing complicated mechanisms. The robot is driven by seven actuator modules such eye, eyebrow, eyelid, brow, cheek, jaw and neck module corresponding to movements of facial muscles. Although they are only part of the whole set of facial motions, our approach is sufficient to generate six fundamental facial expressions such as surprise, fear, angry, disgust, sadness, and happiness. In the robot, each module communicates with the others via CAN communication protocol and according to the desired emotional expressions, the facial motions are generated by combining the motions of each actuator module. A prototype of the robot has been developed and several experiments have been conducted to validate its feasibility.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.6
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• pp.579-586
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to employ emotional features to document retrieval systems. Fine emotional features, such as HAPPY, SAD, ANGRY, FEAR, and DISGUST, have been used to represent Korean document. Users are allowed to use these features for retrieving their documents. Next, retrieved documents are learned by classification methods like cohesion factor, naive Bayesian, and, k-nearest neighbor approaches. In order to combine various approaches, voting method has been used. In addition, k-means clustering has been used for our experimentation. The performance of our approach proved to be better in accuracy than other methods, and be better in short texts rather than large documents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2013

The odor occurring in the sewage system induces the displeasure, the disgust such as the headache, the vomit, etc. and increases the spiritual stress and disturbs the pleasant life of residents. These odors occur mainly in the area of combined sewage system treatment, being created in the personal sewage treatment plant such as septic tank and are incoming to sewage pipes and emitted to the outside through the manhole and the receiver, etc.; and this causes odors to the people. The Hydrogen Sulfide, the Methyl Mercaptan, the Ammonia, etc. are materials causing the odor, the more serious issue of odor is occurring since the septic tank of degradation process is being applied. The primary cause of odor is the decomposition of human feces in the septic tanks and sewage disposal facilities. The purpose of this study is reduction of hydrogen sulfide using air supplying and SOB(Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria). As a result of this study of the air supply system and the SOB media equipment by air supply, in case the air is injected to SOB media compared to the injection of air only, the removal efficiency the hydrogen sulfide was average 3.4 times higher.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.224-227
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• 1997

The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) developed by Lang and colleagues[1] is a world-widely adopted tool in studices relating a variety of physiological indices to subjective emotions induced by the presentation of standardized pictures of which subjective ratings are well established in the three dimensions of pleasure, arousal and dominance. In the present stuey we investigated whether distinctive EEG characteristics for six discrete emotions can be discernible using 12 IAPS pictures that scored highest subjective ratings for one of the 6 categorical emotions, i. e., happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and surprise (Two slides for each emotion). These pictures as visual stimuli were randomly given to 38 right-handed college students (20-26 years old) with 30 sec of exposure time and 30sec of inter-stimulus interval for each picture while EEG signals were recorded from F3, F4, O1, and O2 referenced to linked ears. The FFT technoque were used to analyze the acquired EEG data. There were significant differences in RP value changes of EEG bands, most prominent in theta, between positive positive and negative emotions, and partial also among negative emotions. This result is in agreement with previous studies[2, 3]. However, it requires further studied to decided whether IAPS could be a useful tool for catigorical approaches to emotion in addition to its traditional uwe, namely dimensional to emotion.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.149-160
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• 2017

Sentiment analysis is the process of determining whether a piece of document, text or conversation is positive, negative, neural or other emotion. Sentiment analysis has been applied for several real-world applications, such as chatbot. In the last five years, the practical use of the chatbot has been prevailing in many field of industry. In the chatbot applications, to recognize the user emotion, sentiment analysis must be performed in advance in order to understand the intent of speakers. The specific emotion is more than describing positive or negative sentences. In light of this context, we propose deep learning models for conducting multi-class sentiment analysis for identifying speaker's emotion which is categorized to be joy, fear, guilt, sad, shame, disgust, and anger. Thus, we develop convolutional neural network (CNN), long short term memory (LSTM), and multi-layer neural network models, as deep neural networks models, for detecting emotion in a sentence. In addition, word embedding process was also applied in our research. In our experiments, we have found that long short term memory (LSTM) model performs best compared to convolutional neural networks and multi-layer neural networks. Moreover, we also show the practical applicability of the deep learning models to the sentiment analysis for chatbot.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.476-483
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to make a suitable images for korean emotional expressions. KSFI(Korean Standard Facial Image)-AUs was produced from korean standard apperance and FACS(Facial Action coding system)-AUs. For the objectivity of KSFI, the survey was examined about emotion recognition rate and contribution of emotion recognition in facial elements from six-basic emotional expression images(sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, anger and surprise). As a result of the experiment, the images of happiness, surprise, sadness and anger which had shown higher accuracy. Also, emotional recognition rate was mainly decided by the facial element of eyes and a mouth. Through the result of this study, KSFI contents which could be combined AU images was proposed. In this future, KSFI would be helpful contents to improve emotion recognition rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1444-1453
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• 2005

In this study, I tried to analyze the characteristics of modem punk fashion by applying characteristics of modem cultural phenomena. The method of this study is the qualitative study: I analyzed collections from 1996 to 2003 by suggesting an analysis frame based on bibliological studies and applying internet photo materials to the analysis frame. As a result, modem punk fashion has the following characteristics. First, it tends to promote things that are entirely different from the previous expression methods by using the overlapping of texts combined with things that are heterogeneous. Second, the scope of its decoration has been expanded with the aid of the expression method, in which the objects that had not been used as decoration previously have been transformed into media. Third, the appearance of non-mainstream group who has suggested the anti-mainstream thought that violates the uniformed beauty of punk group has expanded the scope of classes that accept the punk fashion. Lastly, clothes, wigs and accessories have been commercialized through the permanent modification that used to signify resistance and disgust such as the expression methods of image replicas using tattoo, piercing, and transformation of hair. In doing so, punk fashion has been generalized and popularized. Such modem punk fashion reflects the change of society such as social transformation that is occupied by images thanks to its complexity and pluralism and the development of public media.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.827-833
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• 2000

Facial expression is an effective tool to express human emotion. In this paper, a facial expression analysis method based on the base faces and their blending ratio is proposed. The seven base faces were chosen as axes describing and analyzing arbitrary facial expression. We set up seven facial expressions such as, surprise, fear, anger, disgust, happiness, sadness, and expressionless as base faces. Facial expression was built by fitting generic 3D facial model to facial image. Two comparable methods, Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing were used to search the blending ratio of base faces. The usefulness of the proposed method for facial expression analysis was proved by the facial expression synthesis results.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.122-135
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to measure consumer acceptance of edible insect foods (EIFs) while applying the extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB). Insects as food have attracted interest as potential possible sources of nutrition for the future. This study investigated consumers' perception toward insect food and future purchase behaviors. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A survey was conducted among citizens of Korea. About two thirds of respondents had tried an EIF previously, and the mean value for food neophobia was 3.1 on a 5-point Likert scale. Respondents were divided into 2 groups of those experienced with EIFs and those not and by level of food neophobia. An independent t-test, multiple regression and descriptive analyses were conducted on the data. RESULTS: The primary reason for not eating EIFs was that their insect form induced disgust. Comparisons of ETPB attributes by experience with EIFs showed significant differences between groups for food neophobia, subjective norm, attitude, and behavioral intention. In addition, significant differences were found for subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, attitude, and behavioral intention between 2 neophobia groups. Finally, the results of measuring the relationships between ETPB attributes and behavioral intention showed only subjective norm and attitude affected behavioral intention. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that enhanced subjective norms producing a publicly accepted EIFs environment would help encourage the purchase of EIFs. The results of this study can help the development of EIF products for future food markets.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2022

This research aims to identify the relationship between visual perception and emotion by the types of fear responses elicited from warning images on cigarette packages as well as the effectiveness of the size of such images through questionnaires and eye-tracking experiments with twenty university students from the colleges based in Busan. The research distinguished and analyzed the warning images as rational appeals and emotional appeals by the degree of fear and disgust and the result concurred with the research conclusions of Maynard that people would naturally avoid eye contact when presented with a warning image on cigarette packages. Also, eye avoidance was highly identified with larger (75%) warning images. While the previous research mostly adopted the self-rated validation method, this research tried to make the methodology more objective by adopting both questionnaires and eye-tracking experiments. Through this research, authors contribute to finding effective warning images on cigarette packages in a way to increase public awareness of the dangers of smoking and discourage smoking. Further research is recommended to explore the effectiveness of using explicit images on cigarette packages by the types of smokers such as heavy smokers, normal smokers, and non-smokers.