• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is associated with various complications, including poor growth and development, mineral bone disorder, cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and mortality. Slowing down the progression of CKD is important since CKD is often not curable. Prospective cohort studies have been conducted to understand the progression and outcomes of CKD in children, and these studies have identified non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. Recognition of known risk factors and early intervention are important to delay the progression of kidney function decline in children.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

긴 잔여 수명을 가진 소아-청소년기에 발생한 만성 콩팥병의 진행을 억제하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 콩팥 기능의 변화는 공식을 이용하여 혈청 크레아틴이나 시스타틴 C 치를 이용한 사구체 여과율의 추정치를 계산하는 것이 비교적 정확하고 편리하다. 고혈압과 단백뇨는 엄격하게 조절되어야 하며 빈혈은 에리트로포이에틴으로 교정되어야 한다. 혈압이 정상인 경우에도 특별한 금기사항이 없는 한 ACE 억제제나 안지오텐신 수용체 차단제를 사용하는 것이 필요하나 부작용의 발생에 주의할 필요가 있다. 만성 콩팥병의 진행 억제를 위한 노력은 만성 콩팥병이 확인되는 대로 가능한 일찍 시작되어야 하며 콩팥 이식을 받을 때까지 잔여 신기능이 남아 있는 한 계속되어야 한다. 온라인 한국 소아 만성 콩팥병 등록 시스템이 만성 콩팥병의 진료에 도움을 준다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제79권5호
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• pp.276-281
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• 2018

면역글로불린 G4 (Immunoglobulin G4; 이하 IgG4) 관련 폐 질환은 지난 몇 년간 활발하게 기술되어 온 질환이다. IgG4 관련 폐 질환의 영상의학적 소견은 환자마다 다양하게 알려져 있으나, 질병의 진행에 따른 다양한 영상 소견들을 장기 추적한 연구는 보고되지 않았다. 본 증례 보고에서는 비교적 장기간의 추적을 시행한 2예를 통해, IgG4 관련 폐 질환의 다양한 초기 및 후기 컴퓨터단층촬영 소견들을 고찰하였다. 비교적 초기 CT에서 보였던 결절성 혹은 미만성 간유리음영과 달리, 벌집모양음영이나 견인성 기관지확장증은 후기 소견들로 생각되었다. 고형 결절들은 초기 및 후기에서 모두 보였으나, 새로운 결절의 발생 혹은 기존 결절들의 크기 증가가 질병이 진행함에 따라 나타났다. 소엽간 중격 비후와 종격동 및 폐문 림프절 비대는 질병의 후기에서도 지속적으로 관찰되었다. 이는 IgG4 관련 폐 질환의 정확하고 시기적절한 진단에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A pivotal role of oxidative stress has been emphasized in the pathogenesis as well as in the disease progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed at investigating serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and elucidating whether they could be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of PD. MATERIALS/METHODS: Serum levels of retinol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotenes, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin and ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin were measured and compared between 104 patients with idiopathic PD and 52 healthy controls matched for age and gender. In order to examine the relationship between antioxidant vitamins and the disease progression, multiple group comparisons were performed among the early PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage I and II, N = 47), advanced PD (stage III and IV, N = 57) and control groups. Separate correlation analyses were performed between the measured antioxidant vitamins and clinical variables, such as Hoehn and Yahr stage and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score. RESULTS: Compared to controls, PD patients had lower levels of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotenes and lycopene. ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene levels were significantly reduced in advanced PD patients relative to early PD patients and were negatively correlated with Hoehn and Yahr stage and UPDRS motor score in PD patients. No significant differences were found in serum levels of retinol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols, and other carotenoids between PD patients and controls. No significant correlations were found between these vitamin levels and clinical variables in PD patients. CONCLUSTIONS: We found that serum levels of some carotenoids, ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene, were lower in PD patients, and that these carotenoids inversely correlated with clinical variables representing disease progression. Our findings suggest that decreases in serum ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene may be associated with the pathogenesis as well as progression of PD.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2013

Objective : Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare primary low-grade astrocytic tumor classified as WHO II. It is generally benign, but disease progression and malignant transformation have been reported. Prognostic factors for PXA and optimal therapies are not well known. Methods : The study period was January 2000 to March 2012. Data on MR findings, histology, surgical extents and adjuvant therapies were reviewed in twenty-two patients diagnosed with PXA. Results : The frequent symptoms of PXA included seizures, headaches and neurologic deficits. Tumors were most common in the temporal lobe followed by frontal, parietal and occipital lobes. One patient who died from immediate post-operative complications was excluded from the statistical analysis. Of the remaining 21 patients, 3 (14%) died and 7 (33%) showed disease progression. Atypical tumor location (p<0.001), peritumoral edema (p=0.022) and large tumor size (p=0.048) were correlated with disease progression, however, Ki-67 index and necrosis were not statistically significant. Disease progression occurred in three (21%) of 14 patients who underwent GTR, compared with 4 (57%) of 7 patients who did not undergo GTR, however, it was not statistically significant. Ten patients received adjuvant radiotherapy and the tumors were controlled in 5 of these patients. Conclusion : The prognosis for PXA is good; in our patients overall survival was 84%, and event-free survival was 59% at 3 years. Atypical tumor location, peritumoral edema and large tumor size are significantly correlated with disease progression. GTR may provide prolonged disease control, and adjuvant radiotherapy may be beneficial, but further study is needed.

• Obstetrics & gynecology science
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.662-668
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• 2018

Objective This study was to identify the risk factors for cytological progression in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). Methods We analyzed data from women infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV) who participated in the Korean HPV cohort study. The cohort recruited women aged 20-60 years with abnormal cervical cytology (ASC-US or LSIL) from April 2010. All women were followed-up at every 6-month intervals with cervical cytology and HPV DNA testing. Results Of the 1,158 women included, 654 (56.5%) and 504 (43.5%) women showed ASC-US and LSIL, respectively. At the time of enrollment, 143 women tested positive for HPV 16 (85 single and 58 multiple infections). Cervical cytology performed in the HPV 16-positive women showed progression in 27%, no change in 23%, and regression in 50% of the women at the six-month follow-up. The progression rate associated with HPV 16 infection was higher than that with infection caused by other HPV types (relative risk [RR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.84; P=0.028). The cytological progression rate in women with persistent HPV 16 infection was higher than that in women with incidental or cleared infections (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between cigarette smoking and cytological progression (RR, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.01-17.00). Conclusion The cytological progression rate in HPV 16-positive women with ASC-US or LSIL is higher than that in women infected with other HPV types. Additionally, cigarette smoking may play a role in cytological progression.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2006

Objective : The goal of treatment for spinal cord ependymoma is complete removal without postoperative neurological deficit. The authors analyzed the surgical results and factors influencing the postoperative prognosis. Methods : Fifty-one cases of primary spinal cord ependymoma, surgically treated between 1979 and 2003, were retrospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 44 months. Results : Gross total removal was achieved in 42 patients and incomplete removal in nine. The proportion of complete surgical removals was influenced by tumor location and histology. Disease progression was observed in five cases [9.8%], the mean progression free interval after surgical removal was 48 months and the 5-year progression free rate was 68%. Disease progression was found in none of the 42 cases who underwent complete removal, and in 5 of 9 cases who hadincomplete removal group [P<0.001]. Statistically significant disease-progression factors by multivariate analysis were the surgical extent of removal [P=0.012]. preoperative functional status [P=0.032] the presence of intratumoral cysts [P=0.007] and postoperative radiation therapy [P=0042]. Of those patients who underwent incomplete removal, radiation therapy was found to significantly improve the clinical result [P=0042]. Conclusion : In the surgical treatment of spinal cord ependymoma, preoperative functional status, the presence of intratumoral cysts, the extent of removal, and postoperative radiation therapy were found to be significant prognostic factors of postoperative outcome.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.60-75
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• 2019

The primary aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence on periodontal disease progression after treatment in patients receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) and to identify predictors of clinical attachment level (CAL) loss. A protocol was developed to answer the following focused question: In adult patients treated for periodontitis, what is the disease progression in terms of CAL loss after surgical or non-surgical treatment? Randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, and longitudinal observational human studies with a minimum of 5 years of follow-up after surgical or non-surgical treatment that reported CAL and probing depth changes were selected. Seventeen publications reporting data from 14 investigations were included. Data from 964 patients with a follow-up range of 5-15 years was evaluated. When the CAL at the latest follow-up was compared to the CAL after active periodontal therapy, 10 of the included studies reported an overall mean CAL loss of ${\leq}0.5mm$, 3 studies reported a mean CAL loss of 0.5-1 mm, and 4 studies reported a mean CAL loss of >1 mm. Based on 7 publications, the percentage of sites showing a CAL loss of ${\geq}2mm$ varied from 3% to 20%, and a high percentage of sites with CAL loss was associated with poor oral hygiene, smoking, and poor compliance with SPT. The outcomes after periodontal therapy remained stable over time. Disease progression occurred in a reduced number of sites and patients, mostly associated with poor oral hygiene, poor compliance with SPT, and smoking.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.65-67
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• 2011

The detailed clinical characteristics of unilateral moyamoya disease (MMD) have not been fully elucidated. It has been reported that some patients with unilateral MMD progress to bilateral involvement, while others remain with the unilateral variant In this series, we present a case of unilateral MMD that progressed to bilateral involvement over the course of just one month.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.338-345
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• 2013

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of multiple target genes. Pathogenesis results from defects in several gene sets; therefore, disease progression could be prevented using miRNAs targeting multiple genes. Moreover, recent studies suggest that miRNAs reflect the stage of the specific disease, such as carcinogenesis. Cystic diseases, including polycystic kidney disease, polycystic liver disease, pancreatic cystic disease, and ovarian cystic disease, have common processes of cyst formation in the specific organ. Specifically, epithelial cells initiate abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis as a result of alterations to key genes. Cysts are caused by fluid accumulation in the lumen. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cyst formation and progression remain unclear. This review aims to introduce the key miRNAs related to cyst formation, and we suggest that miRNAs could be useful biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in several cystic diseases.