• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2008

The effect of methanolic extract of cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale) shell extract was seen on conidial germination of Erysiphe pisi and powdery mildew development in pea (Pisum sativum). Maximum conidial germination inhibition of E. pisi on glass slides was observed at 300 ppm. Similar effect on floated pea leaves was observed after 48 h at the same concentration. Conidial germination on intact untreated pea leaves was also assessed on II and IV nodal leaves while IV and II nodal leaves were treated with the extract and vice versa. There was tremendous reduction in conidial germination on all the nodal leaves. The disease intensity of pea powdery mildew was significantly reduced by methanolic extract of cashewnut shells. Maximum reduction was observed with 200 ppm where 39% disease intensity was recorded in comparison to 96.53% in the control. The phenolic acid content of pea leaves following treatments with this extract varied and no defmite pattern was observed. Out of several phenolic compounds, namely, gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, only gallic acid was found to be present consistently in all the treatments with varied amounts.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.39
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to assess correlation between pain and degenerative bony changes on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Methods: Two hundred eighty-three temporomandibular joints with degenerative bony changes were evaluated. Pain intensity (numeric rating scale, NRS) and pain duration in patients with degenerative joint disease (DJD) were also analyzed. We classified condylar bony changes on CBCT into five types: osteophyte (Osp), erosion (Ero), flattening (Fla), subchondral sclerosis (Scl), and pseudocyst (Pse). Results: Degenerative bony changes were the most frequent in the age groups of 10~19, 20-29, and 50~59 years. The most frequent pain intensity was "none" (NRS 0, 34.6%) followed by "annoying" (NRS 3-5, 29.7%). The most frequent condylar bony change was Fla (219 joints, 77.4%) followed by Ero (169 joints, 59.7%). "Ero + Fla" was the most common combination of the bony changes (12.7%). The frequency of erosion was directly proportional to NRS, but the frequency of osteophyte was inversely proportional. The prevalence of Ero increased from onset until 2 years and gradually decreased thereafter. The prevalence of Osp, Ero, and Pse increased with age. Conclusions: Osp and Ero can be pain-related variables in degenerative joint disease (DJD) patients. "Six months to 2 years" may be a meaningful time point from the active, unstable phase to the stabilized late phase of DJD.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.384-389
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• 2021

Background: Social distancing by working-from-home is an effective measure to decrease the spread of COVID-19. However, this new work pattern could also affect the well-being of workers. Therefore, the aim of the study was to study the magnitude of occupational health problems and lifestyle changes among workers who have only recently started working from home. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using online self-administered questionnaires during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the Bangkok metropolitan area, Thailand. The participants were from any organization that allowed working from home. The demographic data including the analysis of the characteristics of working from home, the occurrence of occupational health problems, and the lifestyle changes caused by working from home were analyzed. Results: A total of 869 workers were included as study participants. The highest prevalence of physical health problems among all workers was identified to be weight gain at a rate of 40.97% (95% confidence interval = 37.69-44.24), and the highest prevalence of psychosocial problems was identified to be cabin fever at a rate of 31.28% (95% confidence interval = 26.66-35.90%) among full-time working-from-home workers. The health effects that were significantly related to the intensity of working from home (p for trends <0.05), either positively or negatively, included body weight changes, ergonomic problems, indoor environmental problems, and psychosocial problems. Meanwhile, the lifestyle changes related to work intensity included eating pattern, sleep habits, and exercise. Conclusions: Working from home can affect workers' well-being in various aspects. Hence, occupational health providers must prepare for risk prevention and health promotion in this "new normal" working life pattern and for future pandemics.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to analyze Twitter users' emotional tendencies regarding oral surgery procedures before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Methods: Tweets posted in English before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the study. Popular tweets in 2019 were searched using the keywords "tooth removal", "tooth extraction", "dental pain", "wisdom tooth", "wisdom teeth", "oral surgery", "oral surgeon", and "OMFS". In 2020, another search was conducted by adding the words "COVID" and "corona" to the abovementioned keywords. Emotions underlying the tweets were analyzed using CrystalFeel - Multidimensional Emotion Analysis. In this analysis, we focused on four emotions: fear, anger, sadness, and joy. Results: A total of 1240 tweets, which were posted before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, were analyzed. There was a statistically significant difference between the emotions' distribution before and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). While the sense of joy decreased after the pandemic, anger and fear increased. There was a statistically significant difference between the emotional valence distributions before and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). While a negative emotion intensity was noted in 52.9% of the messages before the pandemic, it was observed in 74.3% of the messages after the pandemic. A positive emotional intensity was observed in 29.8% of the messages before the pandemic, but was seen in 10.7% of the messages after the pandemic. Conclusion: Infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, may lead to mental, emotional, and behavioral changes in people. Unpredictability, uncertainty, disease severity, misinformation, and social isolation may further increase dental anxiety and fear among people.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2015

This study was carried out to develop the economic thresholds for powdery mildew on pepper. To investigate the relationship between powdery mildew incidence degree and yield, experimental plots with ten treatments as initial disease degree were established. Disease intensity exhibited negative and significant correlation with fruit characters like fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight. The adverse effect of the disease on these characteristics was low yield, exhibiting significant negative correlation with disease intensity. There existed close correlation between rate of infected leaf area and yields in the plastic house (Chonhatongil: Y = -3.44X+291.09 $R^2=0.73$, Buchon: Y = -2.14X+327.9 $R^2=0.78$). There existed close correlation between rate of infected leaf area and yield loss in the plastic house (Chonhatongil: Y = 2.14X+15.45 $R^2=0.76$ $r=0.87^{**}$, Buchon: Y = 3.44X+114.21 $R^2=0.73$ $r=0.85^{**}$). Control thresholds diseased rate on powdery mildew of pepper was below 3.2 to 7.3% rate of infected leaf area per plant in the plastic house. The economic thresholds for powdery mildew of pepper was below 3.8 to 6.2% rate of infected leaf area per plant in the plastic house.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.1071-1076
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• 2018

Purpose: To report a case of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related ophthalmic disease associated with adult xanthogranulomatous disease. Case summary: A 38-year-old male with a history of cholecystectomy visited our clinic for bilateral periorbital swelling. Histopathology of the orbital biopsy showed diffuse infiltration of foamy histiocytes with Touton giant cells and lymphoid follicles, with a diagnosis of adult-onset xanthogranuloma. After excisional biopsy, he was treated with azathioprine and prednisolone. Four years after treatment, he again visited the clinic due to bilateral, yellowish eyelid masses. Serological examinations were all nonspecific findings, except for elevation of IgG and IgG4 levels. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral symmetric soft tissue enlargement with slightly heterogeneous T1/T2 isosignal intensity, with contrast enhancement at the superolateral aspect of extraconal spaces. Excisional biopsy and blepharoplasty were performed. Immunohistochemical sections showed that the IgG4+/IgG plasma cell ratio was 10-20% and the IgG4 plasma cell count was 22/high power field (HPF). His past sections of 2013 from the pathology department were again stained and showed that the IgG4+/IgG plasma cell ratio was 40-50% and the IgG4 plasma cell count was 59/HPF. Thus, he was definitely diagnosed with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease. Conclusions: If there is recurrent eyelid swelling, IgG4-related ophthalmic disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis. And the patient with adult xanthogranulomatous disease can be diagnosed with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.105-109
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• 2014

Purpose: To compare the change of visual acuity and NIBUT after watching smart-phone in 1 hour under low intensity of illumination. Methods: 50 subjects (male 22, female 28) aged 20's years old ($20.7{\pm}2.4$ years) who do not have eye disease and have a good eye condition were participated for this study. Objective refraction, corrected distance visual acuity and NIBUT were measured before and after watching smart-phone (Galaxy 2, Samsung, KOREA) under low intensity of illumination (0 lx.) Objective refraction was carried out using auto-chart project (CP-1000, Dongyang, Korea), phoropter (VT-20, Dongyang, Korea) and auto refractor-keratometer (MRK-3100, Huvitz, Korea). Results: Refractive error was changed from $-3.20{\pm}2.00$ D to $-3.38{\pm}2.00$ D (p=0.006) and corrected distance visual acuity was changed from $0.93{\pm}0.08$ to $0.91{\pm}0.10$ (p=0.000) and NIBUT was changed from $10.48{\pm}7.00$ seconds to $10.29{\pm}6.47$ seconds (p=0.761) before and after watching smart-phone under low intensity of illumination. Conclusions: Continuous watching smart-phone under low intensity of illumination lead to temporal change of distance visual acuity and suitable rest may reduce the influence of distance visual acuity and tear safety.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.243-249
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• 2007

The tube agglutination test has been used for bovine brucellosis diagnosis in Korea since middle 1950s. The reported high specificity was its value in eradication program. However, the reading of reaction mostly depends on personal experience, thus here we report a way to improve accuracy and uniformity of reading. The tube agglutination was conducted according to the protocol provided by Korean Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The intensity of reaction was measured by spectrophotometer. The relationship between turbidity and percentage clearing was generally in direct proportion and linear. The correspondent percent transmittance at 75, 50, and 25% clearing were 91, 82, and 73, respectively. Then, the degree of percentage of clearing at given international unit was measured. With about 1.5 unit of serum, the maximum percentage clearing was observed. The international unit showing 25, 50, and 75 percentage clearing were 0.61, 0.83 and 1.35, respectively. Based on the information obtained using international standard serum, the calculation of international unit of test serum was available. According to the protocol for bovine brucellosis diagnosis which provided by Korean Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the available range of detectable international unit was between 15 and 538. And the corresponding international units for suspicious case ranged between 42 and 127. Of the 35 sera from B abortus infected cattle, about half of them had more than 538 international units. Collectively, the reading of turbidity using spectrophotometer and application to international unit improved accuracy and uniformity of reading.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.189-199
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate job stress and job satisfaction among nurses in gastrointestinal endoscopy units, and factors related to their job stress and job satisfaction. Methods: The study participants were 153 nurses working in gastrointestinal endoscopy units at eleven general hospitals. Job stress and job satisfaction were measured using nurses's job stress scale and the index of work satisfaction respectively. Results: The average job stress was 3.67 (range 1~5) and job satisfaction was 2.90 (range 1~5). Gastrointestinal endoscopy unit nurses, who were full time worker, having more than 7 years of clinical experiences, having higher incomes, having high subjective work-intensity, and having an intention to change their working units, showed greater job stresses than those of the others. There were significant differences in job satisfaction according to subjective health status, the types of employment, subjective work-intensity, subjective aptitude, intention to change working units, major nursing tasks, and the numbers of major nursing tasks. Also, the subjects's job stress showed a negative correlation with job satisfaction. Conclusion: Findings suggest that management strategies should be developed to increase job satisfaction focusing on general and job characteristics associated with job stress.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.184-188
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• 2012

Anoperineal tuberculosis is a rare extrapulmonary form of the disease and may present as abscess. We report a case of anoperineal tuberculous abscess, which showed low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and diffusion restriction on diffusion weighted images.