• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.791-793
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• 2013

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers. The aim of this study is determination its trends in Kerman province and individual cities separately until year 2016. This analytical and modeling study was based of cancer registry data of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, collected during 2001-2010. Among 20,351 cancer case, 792 were colorectal cancer cases in age group 18-93 years with a mean of 59.4 and standard deviation of 15.1. By applying time series and data trends, incidences were predicted until 2016 for the province and each city, with adjustment for population size. In colorectal cases, 413 (52%) were male, and 379 (48%) were female. The annual increasing rate in Kerman province overall was and can be expected to be 6%, and in the cities of the province Rafsanjan, Bardsir, Bam, Kerman, Baft, Sirjan, Jiroft, Kahnuj and Manujan had an increasing range from 5 to 14% by the year 2016. But in Ravar, Zarand and Shahrbabak reduction in rates of at least 2% could be predicted. The time series showed that the trend of colorectal cancer in female will increase 15% and in male 7% by year 2016. Given the trend of this cancer is increasing so that resources will be consumed in the treatment of the patients, efforts shoudlbe focused on prevention and early diagnosis of the disease. Screening could have an important role leading to improved survival.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.22 no.1 s.54
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• pp.21-25
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• 1983

To develop forecasting methods of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, two rice cultivars Jinheung (Japonica type) and Yushin (Tongil type) were used from 1976 to 1981. Severity of rice sheath blight disease at maturing stage was estimated by top lesion height, percentage of top lesion height vs. plant height in July and lesion index on September 11. The relationship between top lesion height on July 11 and degree of damage at maturing stage for a cultivar Yushin was represented by the equation of Y=4.64x-13.2, and $r=.840^{**}$, where Y is degree of damage by shea4h blight at maturing stage and x is top lesion height on July 11. Considering the percentage of infected hills/stems was rapidly increased from July 11 to August 1, the most effective period and time for fungicide spray were considered July 15 and July 25 or July 25 and August 5.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.50.1-50.9
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• 2023

Vaccine development is one of the key efforts to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it has become apparent that the immunity acquired through vaccination is not permanent, known as the waning effect. Therefore, monitoring the proportion of the population with immunity is essential to improve the forecasting of future waves of the pandemic. Despite this, the impact of the waning effect on forecasting accuracies has not been extensively studied. We proposed a method for the estimation of the effective immunity (EI) rate which represents the waning effect by integrating the second and booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines. The EI rate, with different periods to the onset of the waning effect, was incorporated into three statistical models and two machine learning models. Stringency Index, omicron variant BA.5 rate (BA.5 rate), booster shot rate (BSR), and the EI rate were used as covariates and the best covariate combination was selected using prediction error. Among the prediction results, Generalized Additive Model showed the best improvement (decreasing 86% test error) with the EI rate. Furthermore, we confirmed that South Korea's decision to recommend booster shots after 90 days is reasonable since the waning effect onsets 90 days after the last dose of vaccine which improves the prediction of confirmed cases and deaths. Substituting BSR with EI rate in statistical models not only results in better predictions but also makes it possible to forecast a potential wave and help the local community react proactively to a rapid increase in confirmed cases.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1984

In an attempt to obtain a basic information to develop methods of an effective chemical control and disease forecasting of panicle blast of rice, effects of conidial number of the causal fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, collected in different periods and the rate of leaf blast occurrence on the occurrence of panicle blast were investigated. Conidial number the fungus collected in 5 days before and after heading date were closely related with panicle blast occurrence. But no relationship was obtained between the occurrence rate of leaf blast and that of panicle blast. Considering the incubation period of the disease, we presume that the most effective application periods of chemicals are 5-10 days and 10-15 days before heading, when immediate effective chemicals and slow effective chemicals are applied, respectively.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2017

Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), which is transmitted by the root-inhabiting protist Polymyxa graminis, causes a soil-borne disease. In this study, we detected BaYMV from soil using two-step nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specific primers based on a coat protein region of BaYMV segment RNA1 were used in the first round of amplification. Based on the sequenced amplicon, an inner primer was designed for the second round of amplification. A PCR product of 372 bp exhibited 98%-100% nucleotide sequence identity with the coat protein region of BaYMV segment RNA1. In this study, we propose an easy method for the detection of BaYMV from soil, may considerably assist in accurate fungus-transmitted virus diagnosis and subsequent disease forecasting. This is the first report on the detection of BaYMV from soil.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.146-161
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• 2002

Incidence of soilborne diseases, as a major cause of failure of continuous monocropping becomes severe in recent years. For examples, recent epidemics of club root of chinese cabbage, white rot of garlic, bacterial wilt of potato, pepper phytophthora blight, tomato fusarium wilt and CGMMV of watermelon are the diseases that require urgent control measures. Reasons for the severe incidence of soilborne diseases are the simplified cropping system or continuous monocropping associated with allocation of major production areas of certain crop and year-round cultivation system that results in rapid degradation of soil environment. Neglect of breeding for disease resistance relative to giving much emphasis on high yield and good quality, and cultural methods putting first on the use of chemical fertilizers are thought to be the reason. Counter-measures against soilborne disease epidemics would become most effective when the remedies are seeded for individual causes. As long-term strategies, development of rational cropping system which fits local cropping and economic condition, development and supply of cultivars resistant to multiple diseases, and improvement of soil environment by soil conditioning are suggested. In short-term strategies, simple and economical soil-disinfestation technology, and quick and accurate forecasting methods for soilborne diseases are urgent matter far development. for these, extensive supports are required in governmental level for rearing soilborne disease specialists and activation of collaborating researches to solve encountering problems of soilborne diseases.

• Food preservation and processing industry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2004

Quality of fresh-cut tomato slices was compared during cold storage under various modified atmosphere packaging conditions. Chilling injury of slices in containers sealed with Film A was higher than with Film B; these films had oxygen transmission rates of 87.4 and 60.0 ml h-1 m-2 nun-1 at $5^{\circ}C$ and $99\%$ RH, respectively. While slices in containers with an initial atmospheric composition of air, $4\%$ CO2 + 1 or $20\%\;O_2, \;8\%\;CO_2+1$ or $20\%\;O_2$, or $12\%\; CO_2+\;20\%\;O_2$ showed fungal growth, slices in containers with $12\%\;CO_2 +\;1\%\;O_2$ did not. Low ethylene in containers enhanced chilling injury. Modified atmosphere packaging provided good quality tomato slices with a shelf-life of 2 weeks or more at $5^{\circ}C$. Experiments were conducted to compare changes in quality of slices of red tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Sunbeam') fruit from plants grown using black polyethylene or hairy vetch mulches under various foliar disease management systems including: no fungicide applications (NF), a disease forecasting model (Tom-Cast), and weekly fungicide applications (WF), during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ under a modified atmosphere. Slices were analyzed for firmness, soluble solids content (SCC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, electrolyte leakage, fungi, yeasts, and chilling injury. With both NF and Tom-Cast fungicide treatments, slices from tomato fruit grown with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) mulch were firmer than those from tomato fruit grown with black polyethylene mulch after 12 days storage. Ethylene Production of slices from fruit grown using hairy vetch mulch under Tom-Cast was about 1.5- and 5-fold higher than that of slices from WF and NF fungicide treatments after 12 days, respectively. The percentage of water-soaked areas (chilling injury) for slices from tomato fruit grown.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 1979

The present study was attempted to find out the effects of different fertilizer levels on the process and pattern of blast epidemic of Milyang 23 which is a variety belong to Tongil-line of rice and very susceptible to new races of the blast fungus. The results obtained from the study are as follows. In general, the plant become more susceptible to blast with increase of fertilizers applied and there is a close relationship between the incidence of blast and levels of fertilizer. Such a relationship appears more clearly in case of the incidence of leaf blast while it is not so clear in case of the incidence of node blast and neck blast. In spite of low level of fertilizer, both of node and neck blast occur considerably and the difference compared with that of high level of fertilizer is not so great. Therefore, the disease escaping in the node or the neck of panicle by regulation of fertilizer level may be impossible. And also forecasting of the neck blast by estimate of the incidence of leaf blast is very difficult because of discontinuity of the incidence of blast on the leaf and the node.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.91-98
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• 2016

Outbreaks of highly contagious livestock diseases can cause direct and indirect economic impacts such as lower productivity of cattle farms, fall in tourism in damaged areas and countries, and decline in exports. They also incur tremendous social costs associated with disease elimination and restoration work. Thus, it is essential to prevent livestock diseases through monitoring and prediction efforts. Currently, however, it is still difficult to provide accurate predictive information regarding occurrences of livestock diseases, because existing cattle health monitoring or forecasting systems are only limited to monitor environmental conditions of livestock barns and check activities of cattle by using a pedometer or thermal image. In this paper, we present a biosensor-based cattle health monitoring system capable of collecting bio-signals of farm animals in an effective way. For the presented monitoring system, we design an integrated monitoring device consisting of a sensing module to measure bio-signals of cattle such as the heartbeat, the breath rate and the momentum, as well as a Zigbee module designed to transmit the biometric data based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). We verify the validity of the monitoring system by the comparison of the correlations of designed device with a commercial ECG equipment through analyzing the R-peak of measured signals.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.446-450
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• 2013

The ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum is a major causal agent for Fusarium head blight in cereals and produces mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and zearalenone. Isolation of the fungal strains from air or cereals can be hampered by various other airborne fungal pathogens and saprophytic fungi. In this study, we developed a selective medium specific to F. graminearum using toxoflavin produced by the bacterial pathogen Burkholderia glumae. F. graminearum was resistant to toxoflavin, while other fungi were sensitive to this toxin. Supplementing toxoflavin into medium enhanced the isolation of F. graminearum from rice grains by suppressing the growth of saprophytic fungal species. In addition, a medium with or without toxoflavin exposed to wheat fields for 1 h had 84% or 25%, respectively, of colonies identified as F. graminearum. This selection medium provides an efficient tool for isolating F. graminearum, and can be adopted by research groups working on genetics and disease forecasting.