• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.164-176
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was done to identify the factors of decisional balance for smoking cessation among middle aged men in Korea. This was composed of a set of variables at the level of decision making when middle aged men decide to stop smoking. It was used to classify and identify the characteristics of the stages of change for smoking cessation to which the middle aged men belong, and was used to identify the variables of decisional balance which influenced the stages of change for smoking cessation in middle aged men. Methods : A convenience sample of 169 men who had smoked and were smoking, were between age 30 and 60 and lived in Seoul(mean age=44), were selected from the community. The data was collected from December 10, 1999 to February 28, 2000. The research instrument was the Decisional Balance Measure for Smoking Cessation (Velicer et al., 1985). and Stage of Change Measure(DiClemente et al., 1991). The data were analyzed using the SAS Program. Results : 1. According to stage of change measure, the 169 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for smoking cessation: in the pre-contemplation stage 63 subjects(32.7%), contemplation stage 60 subjects (35.5%), preparation stage 17 subjects(10.1%), and maintenance stage 29 subjects(17.2%). 2. Factor analysis identified 4 factors of decisional balance as appropriate factors for smoking cessation of middle aged men. There were named by the researchers; 1)'Perceived Burden to Self', 2)'Perceived Benefit to Others' 3)'Perceived Approval to Others', and 4)'Perceived Disapproval to Self'. 3. Analysis of variance showed that the three components, 1)'Perceived Burden to Self(F=8.50, P=.0001)', 2)'Perceived Benefit to Others(F=3.19, P=.025)' and 3)'Perceived DisApproval to Self(F=2.87, P=.038)were significantly associated with stage of change. 4. Through discriminant analysis, it was found that 'Perceived Burden to self' was the most influential variable in discriminating the four stages of change(pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Conclusion : The results are consistent with the application of the Transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behavior. Even though this study is a cross-sectional, not a longitudinal study, the findings of this study give useful information for smoking cessation intervention for the middle aged men.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.169-174
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• 2024

This study purports to identify the factors that contribute to the classification of age groups or generations of Koreans. Independent variables such as respondents' attitudes toward welfare, attitudes toward equity, education level, perception of inequality in Korean society, tax awareness, and health status are included in the model that were put into the analysis with the main interest. Since this study does not construct any hypothesis prior to analysis, the nature of this study can be said exploratory. The data utilized for the analysis are from the 17th year of the Korean Welfare Panel collected in 2022, and a linear discrimination analysis technique will be used. First and foremost, a theoretical review of the generational classification will be conducted through domestic and international literature in the past. To date, there is no quantitative studies in Korea that have a significant influence on the generational classification. Therefore, in this study, a theoretical review of political tendencies and values, which are estimated to have a significant influence on the generational classification, that is, the difference between generations, will be significant. The perception and attitude toward welfare will be discussed in the review of values. Next, analysis models, analysis techniques, and variables to be used in the analysis will be introduced. After

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.295-305
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• 2017

Facial appearance is greatly influenced by illumination conditions, and therefore illumination variation is one of the factors that degrades performance of face recognition systems. In this paper, we propose a robust method for face representation under varying illumination conditions, combining non-alpha Weberface (non-alpha WF) and histogram equalization. We propose a two-step method: (1) for a given face image, non-alpha WF, which is not applied a parameter for adjusting the intensity difference between neighboring pixels in WF, is computed; (2) histogram equalization is performed to non-alpha WF, to make a uniform histogram distribution globally and to enhance the contrast. $(2D)^2PCA$ is applied to extract low-dimensional discriminating features from the preprocessed face image. Experimental results on the extended Yale B face database and the CMU PIE face database show that the proposed method yielded better recognition rates than several illumination processing methods as well as the conventional WF, achieving average recognition rates of 93.31% and 97.25%, respectively.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.303-307
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• 1993

Structural and textural characteristics of egg custard with 1.5ft sodium chloride as salt or soused shrimp juice were investigated by SEM, texturometer and sensory evaluation.: 1. Egg custard without sodium chloride showed flat, crosslinkaged structure and no pores. : but the addition of salt or soused shrimp juice developed much of round pores and smooth walls. 2. There were significant difference in hardness between without sodium chloride group and boiled soused shrimp juice group. 3. there were significant difference in appearance, taste and texture, but flavor and total acceptability did not showed significant difference in preference test. In discriminating test, swellness, softness, flavor, color, holes and hardness were important factors affecting the preference to determine the characteristics of egg custard.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional status of school children by biochemical assessment method. Subjects were 308 school children from 4th to 6th grade living in Bucheon city. Their blood glucose, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were determined. Mean blood glucose concentration was 77.56 mg/dl and $81.2\%$ of children had normal blood glucose concentration. The average proportion of hypoglycemia was $18.8\%$ among the three grades and prevalence of hypoglycemia in 4th grade school children was highest ($21.8\%$). Mean serum total protein and albumin levels were 7.14g/dl and 4.35g/dl, respectively, and all the subjects except only one were in normal range of total protein and albumin. Mean serum TG and total cholesterol concentrations were 145.82mg/dl and 94.50mg/dl. Serum TG and total cholesterol levels showed same pattern that the concentrations decreased in proportion to grade. Especially, there was significant difference between grades in serum total cholesterol. Furthermore, $11.7\%$ of 4th, $6.8\%$ of 5th, and $2.8\%$ of 6th grade school children have borderline hypertriglycemia or hypertriglycemia, risk factors of obesity or cardiovascular disease later in life. Taken together, there was conflict phenomenon that undernutrition of hypertriglycemia and overnutrition of hypertriglycemia existed together. Therefore, it is needed to develop discriminating and personalized nutritional feeding, counseling, and education program to cover the children of under- or over- nutritional status.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.729-739
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• 2016

The primary objective of implementing the study was to further investigate any pronounced financial components affecting the level of cash retention for the Korean chaebol firms. The research was framed to test for two hypotheses on the cash savings with utilizing the chaebol firms during the post-era of the global financial turmoil (from 2009 to 2013). In the first hypothesis test, any significant explanatory variables relative to the cash holdings, were identified in each corresponding category of the conditional quantile regression (CQR) model, while multilogistic regression analysis was performed to discriminate relevant financial factors in each pair of classes consisting of the chaebol firms. Concerning the results, liquidity, agency costs, and cash conversion cycle were found to be statistically significant in the majority of classified categories in the former test and liquidy, firm size, and dividend yield, also showed discriminating powers in each pair of categorical for the firms in the latter test.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3601-3604
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• 2016

Background: The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a potent chemoattractant for natural killer cells, monocytes, and memory T lymphocytes. However, any role in the genesis of salivary gland tumors (SGT) is unknown. To assess the diagnostic relevance of chemokines in SGT, MCP-1 levels in the serum of patients were investigated in association with tumor progression and clinical aggressiveness. Materials and Methods: Using an ELISA kit, we assessed and compared the circulating levels of MCP-1 in blood serum of 70 SGT patients with 44 healthy control samples. Results: The results of this study showed that the concentration of MCP-1 was significantly lower in patients with benign ($463.8{\pm}158.5pg/ml$, P=0.033) and malignant ($454.8{\pm}190.4pg/ml$, P=0.007) SGT than in healthy subjects ($645.7{\pm}338.9$). No significant difference in mean serum levels of MCP-1 was observed between the benign and malignant group (p=0.9). While MCP-1 levels were lower in patients with an advanced clinical stage, advanced tumor size, higher tumor grade, or lymph node involvement, but the mean MCP-1 level between groups showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions: MCP-1 levels in the serum of patients with SGT were decreased, indicating that this might a good marker for discriminating patients with SGT from healthy people. However, no clear-cut relationship was detected between MCP-1 levels and clinicopathologic factors, and MCP-1 is not a good marker for evaluating tumor dissemination.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.33-44
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between an eating disorder, body image, depression and self-esteem amongst a subject group of 282 college women between Jan.,1st and 30th,2002, to provide base data for eating disorder levels of college women and to provide base data for health control. The evaluative instrument was a constructive questionnaire that consisted of 8 items of general characteristics and weight control questions, 24 questions relating to eating disorders, 17 questions pertaining to body image, 10 questions pertaining to depression and 10 questions pertaining to self-esteem. To identify the levels of an eating disorder, body image, depression and self-esteem perceived by subjects, the researcher used means and SDs. To test the significance of a subject's eating disorder, body image, depression and self-esteem according to the BMI, the researcher used the t-test. To test the correlation between the BMI, an eating disorder, body image, depression and self-esteem, the researcher used Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study are as follows. The mean score for anorexia nervosa was 31.52 and the mean score for bulimia nervosa was 24.12. Differences between the underweight group and the normal weight group in the level of eating disorders were significant (t=-6.94, p=.000). There were high positive correlations between the BMI and an eating disorder (r=.383, p<.01), between an eating disorder and depression (r=.161, p<.01), between body image and self-esteem (r=.653, p<.01). In addition, there were high negative correlations between an eating disorder and body image (r=-.214, p<01), between an eating disorder and self-esteem (r=-.196, p<.01), between depression and body image (r=-.541, p<.01), and between depression and self-esteem (r=-.537, p<.01). These results indicate that Korean college women need more education and counseling on dietary habits. Also, the systemic efforts reestablish the social standard of the beauty should be taken. Further empirical and experimental studies would be required for investigating for the factors influencing the eating attitude of the college women and discriminating the variables affecting the various specific dimensions of the eating attitude.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2006

Purpose : Bony strength is dependent on bone mass and bony structure. So this study was designed to investigate the relationship between the bone mass and bony trabecular characteristics. Subjects and Methods : Study subjects were 51 females (average age 68.6 years) and 20 males (average age 66.4 years). Bone mineral density (BMD, $grams/cm^2$) of proximal femur was measured by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Regions of interest (ROIs) were selected from the digitized radiographs of proximal femur. A customized computer program processed morphologic operations (MO) of ROIs. 44 skeletal variables of MO were calculated from ROIs on the Ward's triangle and greater trochanter of femur. WHO BMD classes were predicted by MO variables of the same ROI. Classification and Regression Tree analysis was used for calculating weighted kappa values, sensitivity and specificity of MO. Results : The discriminating factors of morphologic operation were branch point, branch point [per cm sq]. Age also played important role in distinguishing osteoporotic classes. The sensitivity of MO at Ward's triangle and Greater Trochanter was 91.8%, 65.6%, respectively. The specificity of MO was 100% at Ward's triangle and Greater Trochanter. Conclusion : Bony trabecular characteristics obtained using radiological bone morphometric analysis seem to be related to bone mass.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.308-321
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• 2015

Objective: The efficacy of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ranges between 42% and 65%. However, it is still unclear which predictive factors can be used to select suitable patients for MAD treatment. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the predictive value of cephalometric analysis for MAD treatment outcomes in adult OSA patients. Methods: The MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched through December 2014. Reference lists from the retrieved publications were also examined. English language studies published in international peer-reviewed journals concerning the predictive value of cephalometric analysis for MAD treatment outcome were considered for inclusion. Two review authors independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and ascertained the quality of the studies. Results: Fifteen eligible studies were identified. Most of the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue cephalometric measurements examined were widely recognized as not prognostic for MAD treatment outcome; however, controversial and limited data were found on the predictive role of certain cephalometric measurements including cranial base angle, mandibular plane angle, hyoid to mandibular plane distance, posterior nasal spine to soft-palate tip distance, anterior nasal spine to epiglottis base distance, and tongue/oral cross sectional area ratio thus justifying additional studies on these parameters. Conclusions: Currently available evidence is inadequate for identification of cephalometric parameters capable of reliably discriminating between poor and good responders to MAD treatment. To guide further research, methodological weaknesses of the currently available studies were highlighted and possible reasons for their discordant results were analyzed.