• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.547-557
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• 2009

LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) is an active remote sensing technology which provides 3D coordinates of the Earth's surface by performing range measurements from the sensor. Early small footprint LIDAR systems recorded multiple discrete returns from the back-scattered energy. Recent advances in LIDAR hardware now make it possible to record full digital waveforms of the returned energy. LIDAR waveform decomposition involves separating the return waveform into a mixture of components which are then used to characterize the original data. The most common statistical mixture model used for this process is the Gaussian mixture. Waveform decomposition plays an important role in LIDAR waveform processing, since the resulting components are expected to represent reflection surfaces within waveform footprints. Hence the decomposition results ultimately affect the interpretation of LIDAR waveform data. Computational requirements in the waveform decomposition process result from two factors; (1) estimation of the number of components in a mixture and the resulting parameter estimates, which are inter-related and cannot be solved separately, and (2) parameter optimization does not have a closed form solution, and thus needs to be solved iteratively. The current state-of-the-art airborne LIDAR system acquires more than 50,000 waveforms per second, so decomposing the enormous number of waveforms is challenging using traditional single processor architecture. To tackle this issue, four parallel LIDAR waveform decomposition algorithms with different work load balancing schemes - (1) no weighting, (2) a decomposition results-based linear weighting, (3) a decomposition results-based squared weighting, and (4) a decomposition time-based linear weighting - were developed and tested with varying number of processors (8-256). The results were compared in terms of efficiency. Overall, the decomposition time-based linear weighting work load balancing approach yielded the best performance among four approaches.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.330-339
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• 2008

Ground-based interceptors(GBI) comprise a major element of the strategic defense against hostile targets like Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles(ICBM) and reentry vehicles(RV) dispersed from them. An optimum design of the subsystems is required to increase the performance and reliability of these GBI. Propulsion subsystem design and optimization is the motivation for this effort. This paper describes an effort in which an entire GBI missile system, including a multi-stage solid rocket booster, is considered simultaneously in a Genetic Algorithm(GA) performance optimization process. Single goal, constrained optimization is performed. For specified payload and miss distance, time of flight, the most important component in the optimization process is the booster, for its takeoff weight, time of flight, or a combination of the two. The GBI is assumed to be a multistage missile that uses target location data provided by two ground based RF radar sensors and two low earth orbit(LEO) IR sensors. 3Dimensional model is developed for a multistage target with a boost phase acceleration profile that depends on total mass, propellant mass and the specific impulse in the gravity field. The monostatic radar cross section (RCS) data of a three stage ICBM is used. For preliminary design, GBI is assumed to have a fixed initial position from the target launch point and zero launch delay. GBI carries the Kill Vehicle(KV) to an optimal position in space to allow it to complete the intercept. The objective is to design and optimize the propulsion system for the GBI that will fulfill mission requirements and objectives. The KV weight and volume requirements are specified in the problem definition before the optimization is computed. We have considered only continuous design variables, while considering discrete variables as input. Though the number of stages should also be one of the design variables, however, in this paper it is fixed as three. The elite solution from GA is passed on to(Sequential Quadratic Programming) SQP as near optimal guess. The SQP then performs local convergence to identify the minimum mass of the GBI. The performance of the three staged GBI is validated using a ballistic missile intercept scenario modeled in Matlab/SIMULINK.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-39
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• 2016

The finite element method (FEM), discrete element method (DEM), and Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) are among the standard numerical techniques applied in computational geo-mechanics. However, in some cases there no possibility for modelling by traditional finite analytical techniques or other mesh-based techniques. The solution presented in the current study as a completely Lagrangian and mesh-free technique is smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). This method was basically applied for simulation of fluid flow by dividing the fluid into several particles. However, several researchers attempted to simulate soil-water interaction, landslides, and failure of soil by SPH method. In fact, this method is able to deal with behavior and interaction of different states of materials (liquid and solid) and multiphase soil models and their large deformations. Soil indicates different behaviors when interacting with water, structure, instrumentations, or different layers. Thus, study into these interactions using the mesh based grids has been facilitated by mesh-less SPH technique in this work. It has been revealed that the fast development, computational sophistication, and emerge of mesh-less particle modeling techniques offer solutions for problems which are not modeled by the traditional mesh-based techniques. Also it has been found that the smoothed particle hydrodynamic provides advanced techniques for simulation of soil materials as compared to the current traditional numerical methods. Besides, findings indicate that the advantages of applying this method are its high power, simplicity of concept, relative simplicity in combination of modern physics, and particularly its potential in study of large deformations and failures.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2015

We consider a wafer lot transfer/release planning problem from semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities to probing facilities with the objective of minimizing the deviation of workload and total tardiness of customers' orders. Due to the complexity of the considered problem, we propose a two-level hierarchical production planning method for the lot transfer problem between two parallel facilities to obtain an executable production plan and schedule. In the higher level, the solution for the reduced mathematical model with Lagrangian relaxation method can be regarded as a coarse good lot transfer/release plan with daily time bucket, and discrete-event simulation is performed to obtain detailed lot processing schedules at the machines with a priority-rule-based scheduling method and the lot transfer/release plan is evaluated in the lower level. To evaluate the performance of the suggested planning method, we provide computational tests on the problems obtained from a set of real data and additional test scenarios in which the several levels of variations are added in the customers' demands. Results of computational tests showed that the proposed lot transfer/planning architecture generates executable plans within acceptable computational time in the real factories and the total tardiness of orders can be reduced more effectively by using more sophisticated lot transfer methods, such as considering the due date and ready times of lots associated the same order with the mathematical formulation. The proposed method may be implemented for the problem of job assignment in back-end process such as the assignment of chips to be tested from assembly facilities to final test facilities. Also, the proposed method can be improved by considering the sequence dependent setup in the probing facilities.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2019

본 논문은 레이돔과 같은 다층구조의 주파수 선택적 표면(frequency selective surfaces: FSS)을 설계하는데, 편파나 입사각 등 다양한 고려사항에 대한 유연성을 갖는 픽셀 형태의 주파수 선택적 표면을 설계하는 것에 관한 것이다. 픽셀 형태의 FSS를 설계할 때 이산 공간 문제를 해결할 수 있는 다양한 방법 중 이진 입자 군집 최적화(binary particle swarm optimization: BPSO) 알고리즘은 FSS의 주기구조 패턴을 결정하는데 쉽게 적용 가능한 기술 중 하나이며, 따라서 향상된 BPSO 알고리즘을 통해 롤 오프 전파 투과특성을 갖는 FSS를 효율적으로 설계하는 기법을 제안하였다. 원하는 솔루션에 입자를 유도하기 위한 적합성 함수 설계에 대하여 수렴속도 문제를 해결하기 위해, '기울기'를 입력 변수로 한 적합성 함수를 적용할 경우 쉽게 원하는 전파특성을 갖는 FSS를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.399-414
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• 2020

A floating bridge is an innovative solution for deep-water and long-distance crossing. This paper presents a curved floating bridge's dynamic behaviors under the wind, wave, and current loads. Since the present curved bridge need not have mooring lines, its deep-water application can be more straightforward than conventional straight floating bridges with mooring lines. We solve the coupled interaction among the bridge girders, pontoons, and columns in the time-domain and to consider various load combinations to evaluate each force's contribution to overall dynamic responses. Discrete pontoons are uniformly spaced, and the pontoon's hydrodynamic coefficients and excitation forces are computed in the frequency domain by using the potential-theory-based 3D diffraction/radiation program. In the successive time-domain simulation, the Cummins equation is used for solving the pontoon's dynamics, and the bridge girders and columns are modeled by the beam theory and finite element formulation. Then, all the components are fully coupled to solve the fully-coupled equation of motion. Subsequently, the wet natural frequencies for various bending modes are identified. Then, the time histories and spectra of the girder's dynamic responses are presented and systematically analyzed. The second-order difference-frequency wave force and slowly-varying wind force may significantly affect the girder's lateral responses through resonance if the bridge's lateral bending stiffness is not sufficient. On the other hand, the first-order wave-frequency forces play a crucial role in the vertical responses.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.875-885
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• 2022

This study was performed to confirm the optimal extraction method for antimicrobial peptides from the Hard-shelled mussel. Extractions were performed with two processes including 1% HAc/boiling and 1% HAc/non-boiling methods and used extracts for the comparison of the antimicrobial activity, protease stability, action mechanism, AU-PAGE (acid-urea PAGE), and HPLC chromatograms. 1% HAc/boiling extract showed potent antibacterial activities both against Gram-positive and negative bacterium but 1% HAc/non-boiling extract showed antibacterial activity only against Gram-positive bacteria. Treatment of 1% HAc/boiling extract with proteases retained almost antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, but abolished significant antibacterial activity against E. coli D31. Only 1% HAc/boiling extract showed two discrete clearing antibacterial zones including slow migrating and rapid migrating zones. Both extracts showed strong DNA-binding ability but did not show bacterial membrane permeabilizing ability. In comparison of the chromatogram obtained from C₁₈ or cation-exchange HPLC, the eluted peaks from 1% HAc/boiling extract showed high hydrophobic property or absorbance compared to 1% HAc/non-boiling extract, respectively. The concentration of the purified antimicrobial peptide was also higher in 1% HAc/boiling extract than in 1% HAc/non-boiling extract. Our results suggest that the effective extraction condition for antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrate is boiling process in a weak acetic acid solution (1%).

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 자동차 도장 공장의 가장 큰 낭비 요소인 상도 공정의 세정 비용의 절감 및 환경 보호를 목적으로 상도 공정 이전의 각 컨베이어 연결점에서의 운영 알고리즘 변경시의 셋업 감소 효과를 시뮬레이션 모델링을 통해 분석하였다. 또한 본 연구의 동기가 된 도장 공정에서의 세정 비용 최소화 프로젝트 및 도장 공장 현황에 대해 설명하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 컨베이어 연결점에서의 운영 알고리즘 개선시 현재 1.8대의 그룹화 효율을 2.5대 수준으로 향상시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 적용한 접근법을 사용할 경우 그룹화 효율 향상에 별도 설비 투자가 필요 없고, CRS(Color Rescheduling Storage) 설치와 병행 적용하여 그룹화 효율을 더욱 향상시킬 수 있는 이점을 가지고 있다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 유체가 채워진 착저식 유연막 구조물과 파와의 상호작용 문제를 유탄성 이론을 사용하여 살펴보았다. 먼저 동역학적 문제를 풀기에 앞서 유체로 채워진 유연막 내부에 일정한 압력이 작용하였을 때, 유연막의 형상과 막에 작용하는 초기장력을 정역학문제를 풀어 구한다. 동역학적 문제를 풀기 위하여 유체영역을 내부영역과 외부영역으로 나누어, 내부영역을 유연막을 경계로 영역 1과 영역 2로 다시 나눈다. 내부영역에서는 경계요소법을 사용하여 파동장을 풀고, 외부영역에서는 고유함수전개법을 사용하여 해를 구한다. 두 영역이 만나는 정합면에서 이미 구한 해를 정합시켜 완전한 해를 구한다. 유연막의 거동은 원주 좌표계를 사용하여 유도된 선형화된 막방정식을 사용하여 이때 외력은 영역 1과 영역 2의 압력차로 주어지므로 영역 1과 영역 2의 해는 막방정식을 통하여 연성된다. 유체가 채워진 착저식 유연막 방파제의 성능에 미치는 중요한 변수로는 유연막의 형상(폭, 높이)과 유연막 내부압력, 유체의 밀도이다. 설계변수들을 바꿔가면서 유연막에 의한 파랑제어 효과를 투과율을 통하여 살펴보았다. 또한 파의 입사각도에 따른 파랑제어 효과를 함께 고찰하였다. 수치계산결과는 Ohyama의 실험결과와 비교하였고 두 결과는 정량적인 값 차이가 나지만 정성적으로 일치하고 있음을 확인하였다. 적절히 설계된 유연막은 소형어항 보호용이나 레저용 방파제로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 발견하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.529-538
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• 1993

이전에 제신된 시간 균일적인 경우의 모델［1］에 대한 확장으로 균열암반내 핵종이동에 관한 연속시간 마코프 프로세스를 이용한 통계적 방법에 의한 모델이 제시되었다. 단일 평판 균일을 갖는 암반매질에서 핵종이 균열로부터 알반조직내로 확산 이동하는 경우 더 이상 균열시간적인 마코프 모델을 적용할 수 없으므로 암반으로의 확산항을 시간에 따라 변화하는 과정으로 보아 모델을 제시한 후 기존의 결정론적 해석해와 비교하였다. 통계적모델의 최종 결과는 시간의 함수로서의 상태변수에 대한 기댓값과 그 분산치일 것이다. 핵종의 시간 종속적인 확률분포가 전이강도가 주어질 때 매질내의 특성이 균질하다고 볼 수 있도록 나누어진 암반매질의 각 구획에 대해 주어지게 된다. 이 모델은 매질공간에 대해 불연속적이므로 핵종이동에 영향을 주는 변수들이 쉽게 균열암반이나 다중매질 등과 같은 비균질한 매질에 적용되어 질수 있다. 매질을 나눈 구획수가 수치적 분산에 민감한 것으로 나타났지만 분산계수의 보정에 의해 해석해와 잘 일치되는 것을 알 수 있었다.