• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1025-1036
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• 2001

This paper explores the effects of price discount frequency on consumer evaluation of clothing brand equity as well as the impact on consumers who exhibit different consumer characteristics. Following a preliminary investigation, two clothing brand groups were identified according to the frequency of their price discounts, one with a high frequency of price discounts, the other with a low frequency. Each brand group consisted of three women's clothing brands. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 351 females between the ages of nineteen and thirty-four in October 2000. The questionnaire included questions on evaluations on clothing brand equity (i.e., perceived quality, brand image, perceived value, reliability and brand knowledge), on consumer characteristics (i.e., clothing knowledge, clothing evaluative criteria, price perception and demographic characteristics), as well as on price discount frequency. Statistical tests, such as factor analysis. t-test and pearson's correlation, were used to analyze the data. Results of this research showed that price discount frequency negatively impacted consumer perception of clothing brand equity. The negative influence was particularly strong on the perceived quality and brand image dimensions of brand equity. The findings also suggested the effect of price discount frequency on consumer assessment of clothing brand equity was related to consumer characteristics as well. The equity of the clothing brand group with a low frequency of price discounts was positively related to clothing knowledge, price-quality inference, price-prestige inference, sale prone-ness. price mavenism, valuing the fashionable and symbolic uses of clothing and family income. On the other hand, it was negatively related to low price consciousness. The equity of the clothing brand group with a high frequency of price discounts was positively related to utilitarian economic aspects of clothing values as well as to low price consciousness. To establish and maintain high brand equity, marketers must pay attention to the frequency of price discount as it may have a negative impact on clothing brand equity.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.95-110
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• 2001

Recently a number of large discount store and those of its users was increasing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the tendency of impulse buying and analyzes factors which influence impulse buying. The data had been collected from questionaries with 474 consumers who visit large discount store. The major statistical methods used for data analysis are frequency, percentile, mean, t-test, multiple regression analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Duncans multiple range test utilizing SPSS Win pc+program. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The four different kind of impulse buying is measured. The overall level of impulse buying is 2.76. Suggestion impulse buying(M=3.19) is the highest, and the lowest is pure impulse buying(M=2.66). 2. In the area of demographic variables is significantly different in the age of twenties and thirties(p<.05). A visit frequency and membership. In the area of in-store variables is significantly different by all factors at impulse buying except waiting time. Especially, point-of-purchase(POP) advertisement and discount sale are very important variables. A visit frequency and membership are significantly different in the area of consumer-related variables. 3. Waiting time, a visit frequency, a POP advertisement, and a discount sale have the positive effects on overall impulse buying. Pure impulse buying is influenced by shopping list, POP advertisement and a stores atmospher. Buying companion, membership, kind of store and waiting time have the effect on reminder impulse buying. Suggestion impulse buying is influenced by school career, shopping list and POP advertisement. Planned impulse buying is influenced by sex, POP advertisement, buying companion and discount sale.

• IE interfaces
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.431-437
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• 2000

This paper refers to the flow of products from supplier to discount retailers(DRs). Discount retailers prefer frequent delivery of small amount because of limited storage space, while suppliers prefer less frequent delivery of larger amount in order to save transportation cost. In this paper we propose a heuristic algorithm to determine the amount of order and the frequency of delivery which decreases the expected length of stockout. We also evaluate various order policies for Vendor Managed Inventory(VMI) system using simulation with real data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.7 s.155
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• pp.1066-1077
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of store attributes, purchasing experience, clothing product evaluation and store trust on store loyalty of discount store. With convenience sampling, the research was surveyed to women who have bought apparels at the discount store. The 374 responses were analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability test, t-test and hierarchical regression analysis. The results were as follows. First, the clothing product evaluation was significantly affected by the variety of products, reliable advertisement, good display, convenient store location, purchasing cost and buying experience of PB apparel. Second, the trust of discount store was significantly affected by store attributes, purchasing experience and clothing product evaluation. Third, the discount store loyalty was analyzed as fashion store loyalty. The store loyalty was affected by purchasing experience and clothing product evaluation. Fourth, the clothing product evaluation and store loyalty were appeared high by people who had bought PB, PNB and trendy apparels.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.685-692
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• 2018

Busan city implemented 'taxi transfer discount system' since October 2017 in order to create for new demand taxis. However, due to the low transfer discount amount and limited payment method to prepaid cards, it is difficult to attain the aim. In this study, we investigated the usage status of taxi transfer discount system and the intention to use taxi transfer discount system according to the discount amount level. We established a model of intention to estimate demand of taxi transfer discount using ordinal logistic model. The results of analysis are as following. The critical reason for low usage was to limit taxi transfer discount payment methods to prepaid cards other than post-paid cards which is used for most transportation payment. It was found that the discount rate for taxi transfers was affected in order of payment method, the purpose of the travel, major transportation, frequency taxi use, age, transportation costs, and the discount of taxi transfers. Also, the taxi transfer discount could be expected to increase to 1,550 won based on the price elasticity of demand due to changes in taxi transfer discount rate.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2012

This research attempts to analyze the effect of printed-saving coupons distributed by major discount store on consumer purchasing intention. Those consumers having used printed-saving coupon in major discount store in Daejeon were selected as respondents. 121 copies were retreated from 150 questionnaires. For data analysis, frequency analysis for respondents' characteristics, Cronbach's alpha for reliability of analysis, and $X^2$ test of multi-regression analysis for testing hypothesis were utilized. The result of analysis shows 1) the way of using coupon is respectively different according to sex, age group, marital status, term of coupon, and the number of using coupon; 2) Attributes of coupon partially influence on purchasing intention of consumers. Only shopping cost cutting is insignificant, while keeping convenience, impulse buying, scheduled purchasing are significant. The most effective variable is scheduled purchasing, keeping convenience, and impulse buying influence on purchasing intension of consumers. Therefore, offering printed-coupon by major discount store is useful tool to induce consumers to planned purchasing.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.55-78
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• 2011

Recently strategic alliance between business firms has become prevalent to overcome increasing competitive threats and to supplement resource limitation of individual firms. As one of allianced sales promotion activities, a new type of discount program, so called "Alliance Card Discount", is introduced with the partnership of credit cards and loyalty cards. The program mainly pursues short-term sales growth by larger discount scheme while spends less through cost share among alliance partners. Thus this program can be regarded as cost efficient discount promotion. But because there is no solid evidence that it can really deliver profitable sales growth, an empirical study for its effects on sales and profit should be conducted. This study has two basic research questions concerning the effects of allianced discount program ; 1)the possibility of sales increase 2) the profitability of the discount driven sales. In F&B industry, sales increase mainly comes from increased guest count. Especially in family restaurants, to increase the number of guests we need to enlarge the size of visitor group (number of visitors for one group) because customers visit by group in a special occasion. And because they pay the bill by group(table), the increase of sales per table is a key measure for sales improvement. The past researches for price & discount sensitivity and reference discount rate explain that price sensitive consumers have narrow reference discount zone and make rational purchase decision. Differently from all time discount scheme of regular sales promotions, the alliance card discount program only provides the right to get discount like discount coupon. And because it is usually once a month opportunity given by the past month usage level, customers tend to perceive alliance card discount as a rare chance to get. So that we can expect customers try to maximize the discount effect when they use the limited discount opportunity. Considering group visiting practice and low visit frequency of family restaurants, the way to maximize discount effect should be the increase the size of visit group. And their sensitivity to discount and rational consumption behavior defer the additional spending for ordering high price menu, even though they get considerable amount of savings from the discount. From the analysis of sales data paid by alliance discount cards for four months, we found the below. 1) The relation between discount rate and number of guest per table is positive : 25% discount results one additional guest 2) The relation between discount rate and the spending per guest is negative. 3) However, total profit amount per table is increased when discount rate is increased. 4) Reward point accumulation & redemption did not show any significant relationship with the increase of number of guests. These results suggest that the allianced discount program substantially contributes to sales increase and profit improvement by increasing the number of guests per table. Though the spending per guest is decreased by discount rate increase, the total amount of profit per table is improved. It seems the incremental profit by increased guest count offsets the profit decrease. Additional intriguing finding is the point reward system does not have any significant impact on the increase of number of guest, even if the point accumulation & redemption of loyalty program are usually regarded as another saving offers by customers. In sum, because it is proved that allianced discount program with credit cards and loyalty cards is effective to both sales drive and profit increase, the alliance card program could be recommended as strategically buyable program.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.42-55
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to classify the contents of department stores and large-scale discount stores of consumer on information source, shopping orientation and store image in an effort to determine which variable gave a crucial impact on cosmetics department stores and large-scale discount stores selection behavior. The subjects of this study were 557 adult women visited department store and large-scale discount store in Busan. The data were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Frequency analysis, Correlation analysis, Cronabach $\alpha$ and Regression analysis. The results were as follows; 1. There was a difference in the demographical characteristics on department stores and large-scale discount stores of consumers. 2. Shopping Orientation of consumers were categorized into 5 types, and information source of consumers did 3 types, and store image of consumers did 5 types. 3. Leisure utilization, store & brand loyalty, store information, personal information, massmedia information, product & operate on, store atmosphere & salesperson and shopping convenience had positive correlations with cosmetics department stores selection beavior. but convenient location, rationality & economy and sales promotion had negative correlations with cosmetics department stores selection beavior. 4. Rationality & economy and sales promotion had positive correlations with cosmetics large-scale discount stores selection beavior. but convenient location, leisure utilization, store & brand loyalty, massmedia information, product & operate on, store atmosphere & salesperson and shopping convenience had negative correlations with cosmetics large-scale discount stores selection beavior. 5. Age, income, business(-), convenient location(-), rationality & economy(-), leisure utilization, store & brand loyalty, store information, personal information, massmedia information, store atmosphere & salesperson, shopping convenience and sales promotion(-) had a direct effect on cosmetics department stores selection beavior. Age, income, marriage, education had an indirect effect on department stores selection beavior through information source and store image, and information source did through store image, and shopping orientation did through store image. 6. Rationality & economy, convenient location(-), leisure utilization(-), store & brand loyalty(-), buying independence(-), personal information, massmedia information(-), product & operate on(-), shopping convenience(-) and sales promotion had a direct effect on cosmetics large-scale discount stores selection beavior. Age, income, marriage, education had an indirect effect on large-scale discount stores selection beavior through information source, shopping orientation and store image, and information source did through store image, and shopping orientation did through store image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2000

Excessive inventories result from poor scheduling, planning, and controls, and the converse is also same. With adequate inventories, supplies can transport products to customers in time without excessive delivering cost. So efficient inventory control is vital for successful logistics management operation. In terms of mass discount retailers such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, E-Mart, and so on, they require the high-quality services such as a small-amount and a high-frequency delivery because of having small warehouse and wanting possess much more various goods. In the opposite, manufactures ask mass discount retailer to delivery more lots of goods because of reducing the number of deliveries. It goes without saying that both wish to prevent stockout(lack of inventories). Usually, mass discount retailers have the power more than manufactures. This paper proposed how to manage inventory and how many to order in view of the TPLC and supplier. We considered the economic order quantity models for multiple items so as to prevent urgent deliveries as possible as. And the tradeoff stockout costs and delivering costs.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.491-499
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to measure the pizza purchasing behavioral characteristics of respondents and importances of factors affecting pizza purchase, to estimate the effects of attributes on choice of pizza restaurant, and to predict probability of selecting a particular pizza restaurant. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: The paired experimental profiles, purchasing behavior and importances of factors affecting pizza purchase. This study generated profiles of 16 hypothetical pizza restaurants based on seven attributes. The profiles comprised 16 discrete sets of variables, each of which had two levels. For this study, researcher randomly selected 150 university students as respondents. Twenty one students did not complete the survey instrument, resulting in a final sample size of 129. All estimations were carried out using frequencies, $X^2$, independent samples t-test, phreg procedure of SAS package. The results were as followed: Some purchasing behavioral characteristics and importances of factors affecting pizza purchase were significantly different by purchase frequency. Based on the estimated models developed for the two purchase frequency groups, the Chi-square statistics were significant at p<0.001. The parameter estimate for late delivery time with frequently purchase frequency group was highest, and the parameter estimate for price with frequently purchase frequency group was highest. The pizza restaurants that charged 20,000 won, offered 100% discount on eleventh pizza, promised to deliver pizza in 20 min, usually delivered the pizza as promised, offered 2 or more types of pizza crust, delivered steaming hot pizza, and did not offer a money-back guarantee which was favored by each of the two purchase frequency groups. The results from this study suggested that there was an opportunity to increase market share and profit by improving operations so that customers can receive discount and money-back guarantee simultaneously, and by reducing price, delivery time.