• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive posture classification scheme considering the effects of external load and motion repetition as well as those of working posture. The scheme was developed based on a series of existing empirical studies dealing with postural classification scheme, effects of external load and motion repetition. Ranges of joint motions, external load and motion repetition were divided into the groups with the same degree of discomforts. Each group was assigned a numerical relative discomfort score of code on the basis of discomfort values for the neutral position of elbow flexion. The criteria for evaluating stress of working postures were proposed based on the four distinct action categories, in order to enable practitioners to apply appropriate corrective actions. The proposed scheme was compared with OWAS, RULA and REBA. The comparison revealed that while the proposed scheme and RULA showed similar results for the working postures with light external load and non-repetitive postures, the former overestimated postural load for postures with moderate or heavy external load and repetitive postures than the latter.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.31-35
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• 1998

Many reaearchers have reproted that poor body postures are associated with pains or symptoms of musculoskeletal dissoders. Therefore, the ergonomic evaluation of postural stresses as well as biomechanical stresses is important when a job such as automobile assembly tasks involves highly repetitive and/or prolonged poor body postures. A macropostural classification shema was developed to characterise various body postures occurring in automobile assembly tasks in the study. To specify a postural code and stress level to each body posture, perceived joint discomforts were subjectively evaluated in the lab experiments for the full range of motion in five human body joints. Based on the reaults, a postural classification scheme was developed where the full range of motion in each body joint was classified into several codes repressenting different stress levels. The automobile tasks were clustered into 12 types based on the result walk-in-surveillance and the possible posture codes for each task type are defined. I was exposed that the poor postural problems in automobile assembly tasks were concerned in most part with arms, trunk and neck. Application of te developed schema to seven operations in automobile assembly tasks showed that the schema can be used as a tool to identify the operations and tasks involving highly stressful body postures. The schema can also be utilised as a basis to prioritise the candidate assembly operations for redesign of work methods.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-49
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• 2004

This study is to investigate the main factors influencing prenatal attachment. The research method is on the basis of descriptive correlational study, and data collecting period was from 11 to 29, November, 2003. The objects of this study were 100 pregnant women of two OBGY Hospitals in Masan. Using the SPSS/WIN 10.1 program the data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression analysis. The result of this study was as follows : The mean score of prenatal attachment was 2.64, the mean score of physical discomforts, 1.61, the mean score of husband-wife attachment, 3.28, the mean score of psychosocial adjustment of pregnancy, 1.82. The degree of prenatal attachment according to general characteristics was significantly difference according to religion. The degree of prenatal attachment according to obstetrical characteristics was significantly difference according to Lamaze class, Taekyo. Significant correlations of prenatal attachment was found in both psychosocial adjustment of pregnancy, Taekyo, husband-wife attachment, Lamaze class, religion. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 52% of the variance in prenatal attachment was significantly accounted by psychosocial adjustment of pregnancy(34%), Taekyo(6%), husband-wife attachment(5%), Lamaze c1ass(5%), and religion(3%). Further findings of this study support the development of creative strategies to enhance positive attachment relationship for pregnant woman.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.98-105
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• 2016

China has already entered the aging society and is predicted to become a super-aged society in 2020. The recent studies identified that the elderly has more interest in 'Aging-in-Place' which emphasizes deinstitutionalization since welfare facilities such as care homes and silver towns have separated the elderly from their local communities where they used to live in. The aim of this research is to propose a promising way for smart housing services who support the elderly's living in their homes, China. This research is to investigate the elderly's life and to identify their demands on housings for implementing such smart services. The elderly's living in apartments in Luoyang city, China, were investigated through interviews using a questionnaire survey. The results show that smart housing services should be provided to support the elderly's health, safety, leisure activities, comfortable living, and social relationships sustainably. In addition, such smart housing services should be intuitive since the elderly need to use easily smart services for their autonomous life in their homes. The smart housing services should be developed in the direction of enhancing the elderly's healthy and desirable life, and lessening their discomforts due to aging.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-85
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• 2016

Objectives: In this paper, two cases which showed the meaningful results on the patients' chief complaints were analyzed. The patients were treated with the Mahwang-Haengin-Gamcho-seokgo-tang herbal medication based on Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system. Methods: The patients were diagnosed based on Shanghanlun, disease pattern identification diagnostic system. In case 1, the change of menstruation cycle was noted and pre-menstrual discomforts were measured with Menstrual Distress Questionnaire(MDQ). In case 2, Quality of life questionnaire for adult Korean asthmatics (QLQAKA) was used to estimate the quality of the patient's life. Results: All the symptoms were improved after the Mahwang-Haengin-Gamcho-seokgotang treatment. In case 1, the menstruation cycle decreased to 30 days average. MDQ score decreased 143 to 103. In case 2, the change of the QLQAKA score as 1.647 average point is considered as a meaningful improvement. Conclusion: With great difference to a 'Symptom-Medicine' diagnostic system, the disease pattern identification diagnostic system seeks the pathologic pattern through the patient's whole life. More studies and multiple cases based on the diagnostic system are needed to prove this possibility later.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.8-11
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• 2008

Purpose: The majority of nasal bone fractures have been managed by routine procedure of closed reduction, intranasal packing or intranasal Kirschner wire (K-wire) splinting. But it leaves rooms for many complaints from patients such as pain, rhinorrhea and nasal obstructioon. Another option is, of course, no packing at all. The study was initiated to assess the necessity to pack or splint the nasal bone after routine closed reduction. Methods: We analysed the medical records of 35 patients with nasal bone fracture who were operated by closed reduction in the last 2 years. We evaluated the postoperative CT scan scores and external deviation criterias 1 month after the operation. Results: The postoperative deviation criteria and postoperative CT scan score were favorable and there were no serious complications using this technique. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that the use of packing or splinting need not be routine in the majority of cases. The risks and discomforts associated with these procedures can often be avoided.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

Recently, buildings with transparent glazing on exterior walls have increased. The transparent glazing on exterior walls gives an impression of opening through introducing external environment's elements to inside of the building, and has various merits and so on, but has defects in controling indoor environments. Especially, the excess of solar radiation in summer increases cooling load causing discomforts to occupants providing radiant environment with high temperature. Cooling load mainly depends on electricity comparing to heating load and intents to centralize specific time. So it is necessary to work out a countermeasure. In this study, showed P building with transparent glazing on exterior walls as a case, investigated indoor thermal performance, numerical analysis of P building in summer through comparing dry-sauna which is represented as radiant environment with high temperature. In the results of this study, transparent glazing space has radiant environment with high temperature such as dry-sauna because of the excess of solar radiation. Accordingly countermeasures are considered in building planning. As concrete methods, there are adiabatic effects using double glazing, use of sunscreen, blind, ventilation facilitation using natural draft, decrease of surface temperature through evaporation cooling and cooling coils.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.212-223
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate work stress and identify the various factors affecting stress in married women in working manufacturing industries. Data were collected between March 31 and June 28, 2003 from 266 married women working in 10 manufacturing industries in Korea. The self-administered questionnaire included general characteristics. social support, and work stress. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Cronbach's alpha. SPSS/win 11.0 was used to assist analysis. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Scores for work stress in the field of sub-categories 2. Perceived work stress was significantly different according to salary, behavior type, discomfort related to menstruation, consumption, duty type, job stability, weekly work time and family, 3. Social support had a significant negative relationship with work stress. Accordingly, stress management for married working women will be more successful if interventions not only address each person's unique needs, for example, control of perimenstrual discomforts and health behavior change, but also are accompanied by organizational management strategies and policies, for example, improvement of work environment and nursery facilities.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

Lactose intolerance is a pathophysiological phenomenon caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase present in human intestines. Changes in intestinal digestion and colon fermentation after the intake of lactose-containing products cause diarrhea and other clinical discomforts. Therefore, lactose intolerance can be easily ameliorated by consuming lactose hydrolyzed milk and dairy products. In the recent years, lactose-free dairy products have provided lactose intolerant consumers with several options, due to an improvement in the quality and an increase in the variety of products. Currently, the manufacturing of lactose-free products also represents the fastest growing sector in the dairy industry. This review, thus, aims to provide an overview of the current availability and prospects of lactose-free dairy products, and also discuss the potential benefits of the development of a variety of lactose-free dairy foods.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2012

Purpose: Closed reduction and nasal packings for 3-7 days is usual procedures in managing nasal bone fracture. Most patients experience several discomfort owing to lack of nasal breathing. There are many reports concerning how to reduce patient's discomforts or complications. But it is obvious that the duration of nasal packing is 3-7 days. The aim of this study is evaluate the effect of half day nasal packing in results of nasal bone fracture. Methods: The study was performed on 97 nasal bone fracture patients who had simple nasal bone fractures from January to June 2012. The incidence, cause, patient's discomfort and satisfaction with half day nasal packing are analyzed according to patient's medical records and questionnaire at each nasal packing removal, postoperative 4 weeks. Results: Young male patients, especially the teenagers and the twenties were the common age group, and physical violence was most common cause of injury. A total of 78 out of 97 patients were male. In 92 cases, closed reduction were applied. Approximately, 87% of the patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Conclusion: Half day nasal packing is considered as an effective method to minimize patient's discomfort owing to prolonged absence of nasal breathing with maintenance of stability.