• Water for future
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.203-214
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• 1996

Quantifying water balance components is crucial to understanding the basic hydrology and hydrochemistry. An importance of water balance has been suggested in order to grasp actual condition of water resources and environmental changes including climatic changes. The present paper proposes an evaluation method of the water balance components based on vegetation monitoring from remote sensing data. In this study, evapotranspiration model adopts a directmethod by using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) calculated from NOAA/AVHRR data and the detailed description of water balance by using the evapotranspiration in all over the Korean Peninsula. Areal distribution data sets of evapotranspiration in all over the Korean Peninsula. Areal distribution data sets of evapotranspiration, runoff ratio, water surplus and deficit are produced using NDVI and simplified water balance model. This method enables to discuss the hydrological problems for North Korea where enough meteorological and hydrological data are unavailable.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 1996

In this paper, two different techniques for mixed-mode type engineering fracture mechanics are investigated to estimate the stress intensity factors by using p-version finite element model. These two techniques are displacement extrapolation with COD and CSD method and J-integral with decomposition method. By decomposing the displacement field obtained from p-version of finite element analysis into symmetric and antisymmetric displacement fields with respect to the crack line, Mode-I and Mode-II stress intensity factors can be determined using aforementioned techniques. The example problems for validating the proposed techniques are centrally and centrally oblique cracked panels under tension. The numerical results associated with the variation of oblique angle and the ratio of crack length and panel width (a /W ratio) are compared with those by theoretical values and empirical solutions in literatures. Very good agreements with the existing solutions are shown.