• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.4
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• pp.67-80
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• 1995

This study was done in order to investigate the treatment of occidental and oriental medicine on dementia(mainly senile dementia and cerobrovascular dementia). The results were as follows ; 1. Dementia must treat a direct causes, but uncountable dementia(senile dementia) and cerobrovascular dementia can't treat at present. 2. Sciopsychological treatment in very important in dementia patient ; maintance of appropriate stimulation, psychological rest, physical examination, dietary cure and safety device is needed. On secondary mental disorder, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and antidepressants have to prescribe properly. 3. Treatments of Senile dementia(uncountable cerebral degenerative disease) proscribed hydergine which is peripheral vasodilator and physostigmine which increase cholinergic activity of brain, but this have slight effect on some patients. On treatments of cerobrovascular dementia, the medication that improved the cell metabolism and circulation of brain, this improved only a subjective symptom, but isn't foundamental treatment. 4. A tonic medicine is used basically, the methods are as follows. 1) Kenwihwadam(健胃火痰)-Sesimtang(洗心湯) 2) Bosiniksu(補腎益髓)-Hwansodan(還少丹) 3) Bosimiksin(補心益腎)-Gyuibitang(歸脾湯), Singyuo(神交湯) 4) Boheoansin(補虛安神)-Cilbokem(七福飮), sanggitang(生氣湯) 5) geoeohwalhyel(祛瘀活血)-tonggyuhwalhyeltang(通竅活血湯), 5. Acupuncture therapy on dementia used follow acupuncture point ; Yamen(啞門 GVl5), Laokung(勞宮 HC8), Tsusanli(足三里 ST36), Shenshu(腎兪 BL23), Tachui(大椎 GVl4), Chiuwei(鳩尾 CVl5), Sanyinchiao(三陰交 SP6), Yungchuan(涌泉 KI1), Shipsun(十宣), Shousanli(手三里 LI10), Taichong(太衝 LV3) In moxibustion therapy, Dachui(大椎 GVl4) point is used.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2001

From the study of acupuncture and external diseases on mammary diseases, the following conclusions are obtained. 1. Point Shanzhong, Shaoze and Rugen are often used for galactostasis in acupuncture. 2. Often used vessels for galactostasis in acupuncture are Stomach Meridian, Conception Vessel, Small Intestine Meridian, Bladder Meridian, Liver Meridian and Large Intestine Meridian in order. 3. The direct stimulations are used in external treatment for galactostasis, often accompanied by internal medical treatment, to promote the circulation of Qi and Blood. 4. Point Zuimup, Guangming of Gall bladder Meridian and Zusanli of Stomach Meridian is used for lactation pain in acupuncture. 5. Point Jianjing, Zusanli and Shanzhong are most often used for acuremastitis and breast cancer in acupuncture. 6. Often used vessels for acuremastitis and breast cancer in acupuncture are Stomach Meridian, Gall bladder Meridian, Conception Vessel, Small Intestine Meridian, Bladder Meridian, Pericardium Meridian in order. 7. The external treatment used for acuremastitis and breast cancer can be classed into its pathological period. When lactation is interrupted, Kumhwang Powder, Okro Powder, Robongbang, Allii Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, garlic moxibustion and Arusaenatus Rgizoma powder are used. When pus is piled up, Chunghwa Extracts, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Leonuri Herba, Typa Latifolia, Taraxacum platycarpum, Phaseolus angularis, Manchong, Crvi Cornus latex, and Aucklandiae Radix are used. When pus flows down, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Extract, nine-one pellet, Yongboo extract, eight-dampness extract, Tissue-regeneration Powder, Toad-net treatment, Kitten-hair, Hongseung pellet are used. 8. Stomach Meridian, Conception Vessel, Small Intestine Meridian, Gall Bladder Meridian, Bladder Meridian are most often used vessels for mammary diseases. From the conclusions above, It appears that the medical effect could be maximized by further studying and developing of the acupuncture and external treatment for mammary diseases according to the its nature, while accompanying internal medicine appropriately at the same time.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to collect and evaluate evidence of herbal medicine treatments for the residual effects of COVID-19. Methods: Nine electronic databases, namely PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, J-STAGE, CiNii, OASIS, and Science ON, were searched with the following keywords: 'COVID-19'; 'sequelae'; 'Convalescence' for 'P (Population)' and 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional'; 'Korean medicine'; 'Herbal medicine' for 'I (Intervention)'. For the selected studies, various clinical data were extracted including patient symptoms, pattern identification, herbal medicines prescribed, and treatment results. Results: A total of nine clinical studies were identified (two case control trials; one case series; and six case reports). Various residual symptoms had been detected in the recovery stage of COVID-19 with the most commonly used pattern identifications being deficiency in both lung and spleen and in both qi and yin. Any herbal medicine prescriptions were written using these patterns. We found several reports of the positive effect of herbal medicines in that it improved symptoms, lung function, and lung inflammation. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: The results indicate that treatment with herbal medicines has a possible therapeutic effect on the residual symptoms of COVID-19. Large-scale studies are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of these approaches.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.71-83
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• 2022

Objectives : Instructional design is the systematic approach to the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of learning materials and activities. We aimed to apply the rapid prototyping to instructional systems design (RPISD) in meridianology laboratory, a subject in which students train acupuncture to develop lesson plan. Methods : The needs of the stakeholders including client, subject matter expert and students were analyzed using the performance needs analysis model. Task analysis was implemented by observation and interview. First prototype was drafted and implemented in meridianology laboratory class once. The second prototype was modified from the first, by usability evaluation of the stakeholders. Results : The client requested an electronically documented manual to improve the quality of acupuncture training. The learner requested an extension of practice time and detailed practice guidelines. The main problems of students' performance were some cases of violation of clean needle technique, the lack of communication between the operator and recipient in direct, and lack of confidence in their own performance. Stakeholders were generally satisfied with the proposed first prototype. Second prototype of lesson plan was produced by modifying some contents. Conclusions : A lesson plan was developed by applying the systematic RPISD model. It is expected that the developed instructional design may contribute to the quality improvement of meridianology laboratory education.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.40-48
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate safety of postpartum herbal medicine by assessing the effect of taking herbal medicine of postpartum period on liver function. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 167 mothers who underwent liver function tests (LFT) within 3 months before and after childbirth among mothers who gave birth at ○○ Hospital between January 1, 2016 and May 31, 2018. Mothers with abnormally elevated LFT during pregnancy were excluded. Among 167 women, 6 women are herbal-medicine-group took herbal medicine for 5-6 weeks during postpartum period, and 161 patients are general -group who did not take herbal medicine. LFT Variation of Subjects before and after childbirth were compared between the two groups. And subjects who had elevated liver levels above the normal range after delivery were classified separately, the characteristics and causes of changes in liver levels were analyzed, and the presence or absence of drug-induced liver damage was confirmed. Results: Among a total of 167 subjects, there were 5 women in the herbal-medicine-group and 150 women in the general-group who had changes in liver values within the normal range after childbirth. Aspartate transaminase (AST) change before and after childbirth in the herbal-medicine-group was 3.40±1.82, and AST change in the general-group was 2.92±8.59, showing no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.901). Increase of Alanine transaminase (ALT) before and after childbirth in the herbal-medicine-group was 5.60±3.65, and ALT change in the general-group was 8.01±11.81, showing no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.651). There were 12 subjects who had elevated AST, ALT above the normal range after delivery, including 1 in the herbal-medicine-group and 11 in the normal mothers group. Valuation of 1 Subject of the herbal-medicine-group before and after delivery was 17 IU/L of AST and 52 IU/L of ALT. Because results of AST, ALT is under the standard to diagnose to liver damage, she was observed without any treatment. However the cause of AST, ALT elevation was not found in the chart, she was receiving treatment for diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The general-group had an average increase of AST 35.64±22.67 IU/L and ALT 53.00±26.80 IU/L. As a result of analyzing the cause, there were direct causes such as autoimmune hepatitis, chronic hepatitis B, and acute pyelonephritis. Abnormal elevations in liver levels were also found in mothers with hypothyroidism, diabetes, and fever of unknown cause, although they were not direct causes. Conclusions: To investigate the safety of taking herbal medicines, we assess the variation in AST and ALT within 3 months before and after delivery in the herbal-medicine-group and general-group. There was no significant difference between two groups.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the different concepts of oriental nursing as perceived by nurses, doctors, and patients in oriental hospitals. Method: A descriptive survey design was used for this study. Fifty-eight nurses, 26 doctors and 28 inpatients in 3 oriental hospitals were recruited from October to December 2002. The data were collected through a semi-structured open questionnaire. The data were analyzed by content analysis. Result: 1. The perceived concept of oriental nursing varied among the subjects. The nurses regard it as "a traditional nursing activity based on oriental philosophy" (60.3%), while the doctors viewed it as "a supplement to western nursing activity"(38.5%). For patients, the oriental nursing activity was considered as "a cordial form of nursing like that from a family member" (50.0%) and "an activity that doesn't differ so much from western nursing" (42.8%). 2. As for oriental nursing activities actually practiced, both the nurses and the doctors agreed that they carry out traditional oriental nursing activities such as explaining the treatment (taking oriental medicines, administering acupuncture etc.; nurses 96.6%, doctors 57.7%) and direct care like removing acupuncture needles (nurses 43.1%, doctors 34.6%). Patients replied that a western nursing activity is performed rather than an oriental nursing activity. 3. As for the required oriental nursing activity, nurses stated they apply traditional oriental methods such as CHUNA exercise therapy, moxibustion, cupping method etc. in their nursing practice. Doctors remarked that they try to understand the patients' state by approaching patients through an oriental way of thinking. Patients wish to get kindly care. 4. As a whole, 34.5% of nurses and 25.0% of patients have experienced little satisfaction from oriental nursing activity. Nurses found it valuable to carry out western nursing (39.3%), while patients found satisfaction in the use of a cordial attitude (39.9%). 5. Both nurses and doctors defined the first reason that oriental nursing activity cannot be performed more often was the lack of education in oriental nursing, and the absence of interest in oriental nursing. Conclusion: Nurses and doctors appreciate an oriental way of nursing, and think that this type of nursing activity has been carried out even though it may be infrequent. However this oriental nursing activity has won recognition from patients who view western nursing activity as being more important.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.79-89
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate various application methods of focused ultrasound and apply them to clinical use in Korean medicine. Methods : Search was performed using the search engines of electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ScienceON, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Japan Science Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic (J-STAGE) and Citation Information by NII (CiNii), from inception to July 2023 without language limitation. Inclusion criteria were clinical studies including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and animal experimental studies related with focused ultrasound treatments for acupoints or meridian sinews. Results : Total 17 papers, 7 for RCT, 6 for in vivo animal studies, and other experimental studies, were finally selected. Indications used in studies were shoulder pain, back pain, chronic back pain, and degenerative knee arthritis. In experimental studies, studies on animal models of hypoxic ischemic brain damage and hyperlipidemia were also conducted. As for the acupoints, LR3, LI4, and ST36 were used in clinical studies and, in animal experimental studies, GV20, KI1, and ST36 were used. As for the dose, 4 studies below 3 W/cm² and 3 studies in the range of 0.625 to 5 W/cm² in clinical studies, and all studies did not exceed 5 W/cm². In animal experimental studies, 0.5 W/cm², 2 W/cm², 7.5 WW/cm², 15 W/cm², 10~20 W/cm² were used. In all three studies describing the penetration depth during irradiation, it was less than 1 cm. Conclusions : We suggest that focused ultrasound is an appropriate treatment tool for stimulating the acupoints to transfer heat energy. Future studies with rigorous and well-designed RCTs for various diseases will be required to ascertain the focused ultrasound stimulate acupoints or meridian sinews.