• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.780-786
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• 2013

In the reliability-based design optimization of electromagnetic devices, the accurate and efficient reliability assessment method is very essential. The first-order sensitivity-assisted Monte Carlo Simulation is proposed in the former research. In order to improve its accuracy for wide application, in this paper, the second-order sensitivity analysis is presented by using the hybrid direct differentiation-adjoint variable method incorporated with the finite element method. By combining the second-order sensitivity with the Monte Carlo Simulation method, the second-order sensitivity-assisted Monte Carlo Simulation algorithm is proposed to implement reliability calculation. Through application to one superconductor magnetic energy storage system, its accuracy is validated by comparing calculation results with other methods.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.183-202
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• 2006

The behavior of steel-concrete composite beams is strongly influenced by the type of shear connection between the steel beam and the concrete slab. For accurate analytical predictions, the structural model must account for the interlayer slip between these two components. This paper focuses on a procedure for response sensitivity analysis using state-of-the-art finite elements for composite beams with deformable shear connection. Monotonic and cyclic loading cases are considered. Realistic cyclic uniaxial constitutive laws are adopted for the steel and concrete materials as well as for the shear connection. The finite element response sensitivity analysis is performed according to the Direct Differentiation Method (DDM); its analytical derivation and computer implementation are validated through Forward Finite Difference (FFD) analysis. Sensitivity analysis results are used to gain insight into the effect and relative importance of the various material parameters in regards to the nonlinear monotonic and cyclic response of continuous composite beams, which are commonly used in bridge construction.

• Journal of Communication Design
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• v.39
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• pp.82-90
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• 2012

The present study is focused on investigating the subjective viewpoint of users favoring Galaxy phones as an element for emotional experience designs, and Q methodology used for the study of subjectivity has revealed 3 types. The first type is a type pursuing reasoned actions with high expectations for the emotional quality through direct and indirect experiences of Galaxy phones. They were shown to place an emphasis on portability and usability while having a low preference for the shape of external forms and materials. The second type is a type pursuing planned actions with an emphasis on individual subjective perceptions as well as both of physical sensation and usability. They were distinguished as a type preferring pleasure and efficiency experienced by its use. The third type is a type pursuing differentiated personalities with an emphasis on messages they want to deliver to other people through the products owned by an individual. They were identified as a type emphasizing display of personalities through differentiation in aesthetic elements.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2012

The development of digital media made the change of architectural paradigm from tectonic to the surface and pattern. This means the transition to the new kind of materiality and the resurrection of ornament. This study started as an aim to apply biological pattern to architectural design from the new perception of pattern. Architectural patterns in the early era appeared as ladders, steps, chains, trees, vortices. But since 21st century, we can find patterns in nature like atoms and molecular structures, fluid forms of dynamics and new geometrical pattern like fractal and first of all biological patterns like viruses and micro-organisms, Voronoi cells, DNA structure, rhizomes and various hybrids and permutations of these. Pattern became one of the most important elements and themes of contemporary architecture through the change of materiality and resurrection of ornament with the new perception of surface in architecture. One of the patterns that give new creative availability to the architectural design is biological pattern which is self-organized as an optimum form through interaction with environment. Biological patterns emerge mostly as self-replicating patterns through morphogenesis, certain geometrical patterns(in particular triangles, pentagons, hexagons and spirals). The architectural application methods of biological patterns are direct figural pattern of organism, circle pattern, polygon pattern, energy-material control pattern, differentiation pattern, parametric pattern, growth principle pattern, evolutionary ecologic pattern. These patterns can be utilized as practical architectural patterns through the use of computer programs as morphogenetic programs like L-system, MoSS program and genetic algorithm programs like Grasshoper, Generative Components with the help of computing technology like mapping and scripting.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.534-544
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to construct and test a structural model on family life satisfaction of aged individuals living at home. The conceptual model was based on Bandura's self-efficacy and social cognitive theories (1977; 1986) and Bowen's (1976) family systems theory. Methods: From January 25 to March 5, 2016, 227 older adults living at home completed a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed to calculate the direct and indirect effects of factors affecting family life satisfaction. SPSS WIN 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 were used. Results: The hypothetical model was a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were ${\chi}^2=78.05$, ${\chi}^2/df=1.35$, RMSR=.02, GFI=.98, AGFI=.96, NFI=.94, CFI=.98, and RMSEA=.05. Family life satisfaction was positively affected by perceived collective family efficacy, status of physical health, family communication, and family support. Depression resulted in a significant negative effect. Family differentiation had a significant indirect effect on family life satisfaction. The model explained 76% of variance in family life satisfaction. Conclusion: Perceived collective family efficacy, status of physical health, depression, family differentiation, family communication, and family support were significant factors explaining family life satisfaction among older adults staying at home. Further research should be conducted to seek intervention strategies to improve family life satisfaction among older adults living at home by focusing on the respective contributing factors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.47-57
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• 2022

Newtro is gaining popularity recently as one of the media content genres. Newtro contents are not just a restoration, but are the creations that create new values by adapting to the current situation and appealing to the nostalgia for the past. A total of 254 people participated the online survey. Result showed that users prefer Newtro content that is in the 'moderate incongruity' state with moderate novelty, rather than content that is very new or too familiar. In addition, both 'personal nostalgia' from direct past experiences and 'vicarious nostalgia' from indirect experiences were found to have a positive effect on preference for Newtro content. Finally, it was confirmed that the image of Newtro contents affected the purchase intention of Newtro contents positively. But the attitude toward Newtro contents did not. Based on these results, this study suggested the implications for the differentiation strategy of Newtro contents.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.333-350
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• 1999

The modulation of leukocyte cell surface adhesion molecules may influence the development of cellular events that determine the course of the inflammatory process. Direct interaction between activated T cells and monocytes resulted in a large production of $IL-1{\beta}$ by monocytes. In this reactions, adhesion molecules play an important part, yet the role of them in Tmonocytes interaction remain unclear. This study was undertaken in an effort to elucidate, 1) the influence of 1.25(OH)$_2D_3-induced$ differentiation on the monocyte responsiveness to direct contact with T lymphocytes, and 2) the role of adhesion molecules on the T-monocyte direct interaction. Initially, I observed that direct contact of monocyte cell line THP-1 with stimulated fixed T cell line HuT78 markedly induces IL-1${\beta}$ production by THP-1. $IL-1{\beta}$ production was higher when THP-1 had been previously exposed to 1.25(OH)$_2D_3$ as compared to control, with ${\alpha}$- 1.25(OH)$_2D_3$ dose-dependent and exposure time-dependent manner. It was shown that 1.25(OH)$_2D_3$ also increased the expression of ${\beta}_2$ integrin adhesion receptor Mac-1(CD11b/CD18) dose- and timedependently, but did not increase the expression of human leukocyte antigen- D(HLA-D) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1). The $IL-1{\beta}$ producing activity of THP-1 cells correlated well with the ability to induce the Mac-1 expression on THP-1 surface. Monoclonal antibody raised against relevant cell surface glycoproteins on THP-1 were tested for their ability to block the response of THP-1 to T cells. Antibody to Mac-1 only partially blocked $IL-1{\beta}$ production by THP-1, whereas antibodies to ICAM-1 and HLA-D did not. These data indicate that regulation of Mac-1 expression on THP-1 cells can alter the responsiveness of these cells to contact by activated T cells, however other unknown structures on the THP-1 cells may be involved in this process also.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigation the growth differentiation between direct sowing and transplanting on P. ginseng cultivated on field and underwood. The results were as follows: In direct sowing treatment, emergence rate of P. ginseng cultivated on field and under conifer forest was above 80%, but it was only 40% at cultivated under broad-leaved forest. And survival rate was directly diminished about 10% every year. In transplanting treatment, survival rate was also diminished every year, it was slighter than that of direct sowing treatment. The growth amount of P. ginseng cultivated underwood was poor, compared to field culture, but there was no significant between conifer forest and broad-leaved forest. In transplanting treatment of 1 to 6 year-root seedling, survival rate of P. ginseng cultivated underwood was equal or slightly good compared to that of cultivated on field. Among seedling age, survival rate of elder seedling was lower than that of younger seedling. In P. ginseng cultivated underwood, the annual growth increment of 1 and 2 year-root seedling increased slowly and continually, whereas, that of 3 to 6 year-root seedling stopped or decreased slightly.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 2015

This study empirically analyzed the effects of international entrepreneurial proclivity of exporting small and medium enterprises on corporate capability and export performance according to product type of industrial and consumer goods. International entrepreneurial proclivity of exporting small and medium enterprises consists of risk-taking, proactiveness, and innovativeness, and corporate capability consists of technological capability and product differentiation capability. Risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness had a significant impact on technological capability in case of industrial goods, and in case of consumer goods, only risk-taking and innovativeness had significant impact. Product differentiation capability of consumer goods was significantly influenced by the order of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking while only innovativeness had a negative impact on industrial goods. When the impact of corporate capability on export performance was examined, only technological capability had a significant impact on both financial and strategic performance in case of industrial goods while both technological capability and product differentiation capability had significant impact in case of consumer goods. After examining the direct impact of international entrepreneurial proclivity on financial performance, it was found that financial performance in the case of industrial goods was significantly influenced by the order of proactiveness and risk-taking, and in the case of consumer goods by the order of innovativeness and proactiveness. However, the impact of international entrepreneurial proclivity on strategic performance showed different results. In case of industrial goods, only risk-taking had a significant impact on strategic performance while in the case of consumer goods it was significantly influenced by the order of innovativeness, proactivenesspro, and risk-taking. The direct impact of international entrepreneurial proclivity on export performance was different in case of financial and strategic performance, and there was difference regarding product type as well. It suggests that different approach is needed according to product type in order to increase export performance since the impact of international entrepreneurial proclivity on corporate capability, the impact of corporate capability on export performance, and the impact of international entrepreneurial proclivity on export performance were all different according to product type.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.207-218
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct inhibitory effect of calcium hydroxide materials on differentiation and activation of osteoclast. we used the osteoclast progenitor cells isolated from bone marrow cell of chick embryo tibia and four experimental materials [$Ca(OH)_2$ powder, Metapaste$^{(R)}$, Vitapex$^{(R)}$, Pulpdent$^{(R)}$] diluted at 0.1, 0.01, $0.05{\mu}g/ml$. There were measured both the number of differentiated osteoclast and the area of resorption lacunae. Also, we conducted MTT assay on U2OS osteoblast to examine of cytotoxic effect and obtained following result. 1. Considering the result of the inhibitory effects upon osteoclast differentiation, There were shown a significant difference increased in the following order: Metapaste$^{(R)}$, $Ca(OH)_2$ powder, Vitapex$^{(R)}$. But no significant difference was found in pulpdent group that the number of differentiated osteoclast was increased at all concentrations(p<0.05). 2. Among the three experimental groups, that is, $Ca(OH)_2$ powder, Metapaste$^{(R)}$, Vitapex$^{(R)}$ at $0.1{\mu}g/ml$ dilution that were statistically significant in reduction of the number of differentiated osteoclast. Vitapex group showed significant cytotoxic effect compared to control and another two groups exhibited no significant difference. Also, 0.2% DMSO group was shown statistically siginificant cytotoxicity (p<0.05). 3. Examining pattern and measured area of resorption lacunae in the control and the three experimental groups ,that is, $Ca(OH)_2$ powder, Metapaste$^{(R)}$, Vitapex$^{(R)}$ at $0.1{\mu}g/ml$ dilution, except $Ca(OH)_2$ powder group, statistically significant differences were found between experimental groups and control group. Also, DMSO group showed statistically significant decrease (p<0.05). From these results, we think that calcium hydroxide is responsible for suppression of hard tissue resorption by a direct inhibition of dfferentiation and activation of osteoclast.