• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.52-63
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• 2019

전략분야의 연구들은 일정 수준 이상 성공한 대기업을 대상으로 실증분석을 실시함으로써 제대로 된 성과함의를 도출하지 못할 여지가 있다. 이러한 측면에서 미래 시점에 성공할 기업과 실패할 기업이 현재 시점에 혼재되어 있는 벤처기업을 대상으로 논의의 타당성을 검증함으로써 보다 변별력 있는 연구결과를 획득할 가능성은 높아질 수 있다. 본 연구는 경영전략과 최고경영자의 특성, 그리고 이들 간의 상호작용효과가 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 가설을 제시하고, 387개 벤처기업으로부터 회수된 설문에 근거하여 실증분석을 실시함으로써 전략분야의 논의들이 어떤 타당성을 가지는지를 벤처기업을 대상으로 검증하고자 하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 경영전략 중에서는 기술혁신 차별화 전략이, 최고경영자의 특성 중에서는 혁신성과 장기지향성이 기업성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 경영전략과 최고경영자의 특성 간의 상호작용효과의 경우 원가우위 전략과 마케팅 차별화 전략은 위험감수성향, 혁신성, 장기지향성 모두에 대해 유의한 결합효과를 보여주었다. 반면에 기술혁신 차별화 전략은 최고경영자의 특성 중 어느 것과도 유의한 결합효과를 보여주지 않았다. 이를 통해 원가우위 전략과 마케팅 차별화 전략은 기업성과에 단독으로 영향을 미치지 않고 최고경영자의 특성과 결합될 때 영향을 미치는 반면. 기술혁신 차별화 전략은 기업성과에 단독으로 영향을 미치지만 최고경영자의 특성과는 결합효과가 존재하지 않는다는 결론에 도달하였다. 본 연구는 벤처기업의 성과제고를 위해서는 경영전략과 최고경영자의 특성 간에 적합성을 추구하는 것이 중요하다는 사실을 실증분석을 통해 확인했다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.33.1-33.8
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• 2014

Background: Sox 9 is a major marker of chondrocyte differentiation. When chondrocytes are cultured in vitro they progressively de-differentiate and this is associated with a decline in Sox 9 expression. The active form of vitamin D, 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ has been shown to be protective of cartilage in both humans and animals. In this study equine articular chondrocytes were grown in culture and the effects of 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ upon Sox 9 expression examined. The expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels 5 and 6 in equine chondrocytes in vitro, we have previously shown, is inversely correlated with de-differentiation. The expression of these channels in response to 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ administration was therefore also examined. Results: The active form of vitamin D (1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ when administered to cultured equine chondrocytes at two different concentrations significantly increased the expression of Sox 9 at both. In contrast 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ had no significant effect upon the expression of either TRPV 5 or 6 at either the protein or the mRNA level. Conclusions: The increased expression of Sox 9, in equine articular chondrocytes in vitro, in response to the active form of vitamin D suggests that this compound could be utilized to inhibit the progressive de-differentiation that is normally observed in these cells. It is also supportive of previous studies indicating that $1{\alpha}$, 25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ can have a protective effect upon cartilage in animals in vivo. The previously observed correlation between the degree of differentiation and the expression levels of TRPV 5/6 had suggested that these ion channels may have a direct involvement in, or be modulated by, the differentiation process in vitro. The data in the present study do not support this.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.660-667
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• 2000

Previous studies on the effect of age on intestinal taurine transport in animals have invariably shown a decline in the activity of the transport system with increasing age. In the present study changes in taurine transporter activity were observed during cell differentiation in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29 This cell line exhibits various enterocytic characteristics when differentiated and therefore has frequently been used to study the characteristcs and regulation of nutrient and drug absorption in the small intestine at the cellular level. Pre-treatment of the cells with $\beta$-alanine(10mM) reduced the taurine transport activity to 33% of the value for the control cells(p<0.05) which implies that taurine and $\beta$-alanine share a common $\beta$-amino acid transport system for their celluar uptake in the HI-29 was continued until 21 days post seeding. Kinetic studies of the taurine transporter were conducted in the HT-29 cell line with varying taurine concentration(5-60$\mu$M) in the uptake medium Both Vmax and the Michaelis-Menten constant(Km) of taurine transporter were decreased as differentiation of the HT-29 cell line was progressed ; Vmax of the taurine transporter in cells incubated for 4, 14 and 21 days post seeding was 2.79$\pm$3.4m 16.89$\pm$1.74, and 0.85$\pm$0.08 and 0.32$\pm$0.01nmol.mg protein-1 .30min-1 respectively(p<0.001) and Km was 42.3$\pm$3.4, 16.89$\pm$1.74, and 11.2$\pm$3.0$\mu$M respectively (p<0.01) These results indicate that the activity of sodium dependent active taurine transport system in the HT-29 cell line is decreased as confluent cells are differentiated. This phenomenon in cell culture system corresponds well with the earlier observation of lower intestinal taurine transport activity in suckling rats compared to that in adult animals although direct relationship of cell differentiation with in vivo aging process needs further verification.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the memory enhancing properties of extract of Hoelen Cum Radix (HCR) and its possible mechanism in mice of normal condition. Methods : We evaluated the effects of HCR on cognitive function and memory enhancement in normal mice. Male ICR mice were orally administrated with HCR 100 mg/kg for 7 days and equal volume of saline was administrated to the control group in the same condition. We conducted two behavioral tests which measure the spatial working memory (Y-maze test) and cognitive fear memory (passive avoidance test). We also investigated whether HCR affects the hippocampal neurogenesis in the brain. To assess the effects of HCR on neural progenitor cell differentiation and neurite outgrowth in the early stage of hippocampal neurogenesis, we performed doublecortin (DCX), a direct neurogenesis marker, immunohistochemical analysis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the mouse hippocampus. Results : HCR significantly enhanced memory and cognitive function as determined by the Y-maze test (p<0.05) and passive avoidance test (p<0.001). Moreover, HCR increased DCX positive cells (p<0.01) and neurite length (p<0.01) compared to the control group. These results indicated that HCR stimulates differentiation of neural progenitor cells and promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal DG of the mice. Conclusion : We concluded that HCR shows memory enhancing effects through the stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis as a consequence of accelerated neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth in the DG of the hippocampus after HCR treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.463-472
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• 2020

Direct reprogramming, also known as a trans-differentiation, is a technique to allow mature cells to be converted into other types of cells without inducing a pluripotent stage. It has been suggested as a major strategy to acquire the desired type of cells in cell-based therapies to repair damaged tissues. Studies related to switching the fate of cells through epigenetic modification have been progressing and they can bypass safety issues raised by the virus-based transfection methods. In this study, a protocol was established to directly convert fully differentiated fibroblasts into diverse mesenchymal-lineage cells, such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and ectodermal cells, including neurons, by means of DNA demethylation, immediately followed by culturing in various differentiating media. First, 24 h exposure of 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CN), a well-characterized DNA methyl transferase inhibitor, to NIH-3T3 murine fibroblast cells induced the expression of stem-cell markers, that is, increasing cell plasticity. Next, 5-aza-CN treated fibroblasts were cultured in osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic media with or without bone morphogenetic protein 2 for a designated period. Differentiation of each desired type of cell was verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction/western blot assays for appropriate marker expression and by various staining methods, such as alkaline phosphatase/alizarin red S/oil red O/alcian blue. These proposed procedures allowed easier acquisition of the desired cells without any transgenic modification, using direct reprogramming technology, and thus may help make it more available in the clinical fields of regenerative medicine.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.156-166
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• 2019

본 연구는 일반적인 중기업과 소기업을 통하여 경영전략과 혁신활동을 통해 궁극적으로 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 통합적인 인과관계를 실증적으로 분석하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 본 연구 대상은 서울 경기지역 소재의 중소기업에 재직중인 종사자를 대상으로 이루어졌으며, 최종적으로 총 328부가 분석에 사용 되었다. 연구가설을 위한 자료 분석을 위해 SPSS Statistics 22.0과 AMOS 22.0 통계프로그램을 사용하였으며, 가설검증을 위한 분석방법으로 구조방정식 모형을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 첫째, 경영전략 요인과 혁신활동, 경영성과의 상관관계 분석 결과 혁신활동과 상관이 높은 요인으로는 기술차별화 전략, 마케팅차별화 전략, 원가주도 전략으로 나타났으며, 경영성과와 상관이 높은 요인으로는 마케팅차별화 전략, 기술차별화 전략, 원가주도 전략으로 나타났다. 둘째, 혁신활동에 영향을 미치는 경영전략 요인으로 마케팅 차별화 전략, 기술차별화 전략, 원가주도 전략의 순으로 나타났으며, 경영성과에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 마케팅차별화 전략과 원가주도 전략만 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 경영성과에 기술차별화 전략이 직접적으로 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 분석되었으나, 기술차별화 전략과 경영성과의 관계에서 혁신활동이 완전매개하는 효과가 있음을 밝혀내었다. 본 연구에서 이러한 결과들을 종합하면 기업의 혁신활동이 마케팅차별화와 기술차별화 전략으로 연계되어야만 경영성과에 기여할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다고 볼 수 있다. 최근 중소기업들은 경영환경의 악화로 스스로의 핵심역량으로는 기술혁신, 생산혁신, 경영전반의 혁신을 꾀하기 어렵다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 중소기업의 경영전략은 혁신 활동을 통해 경영성과를 창출할 수 있다는 것이 확인되었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2019

As the technological gap amongst manufacturers decreases, the life cycle of products has shortened, and competition accelerates due to the development of technology, incumbent manufacturing companies face growth limitations. In order to overcome such business issues, manufacturing companies are increasingly interested in changes in business models and innovations, especially in the direction of providing services where they can maintain the competitive advantage of their products. In such context, this empirical study examines managerial leadership, differentiation strategies, and products and services pricing as 'servitization factors', which can be driving forces for moving into a new era of growth for Korean SMEs, focusing on the mediating effects of servitization competency. The results are as follows : First, it was confirmed that executive leadership, differentiation strategy, and information & communication technology capability have a direct effect on service sales. Second, the process competency, partnership competency, and ICT competency, which are presented as the service competence of SMEs, were found to play an important role in inducing service sales in managerial leadership, differentiation strategy, product and services pricing. It also emphasized the role of the public policy such as helping to foster SMEs as key partners in the expansion of social facilities and establishing platforms through ICT and data utilization for the convergence of manufacturing services.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.205-220
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• 2019

This article recapitulates the recent changes in trade laws, which may be accentuated due to the intriguing emergence of fortified protectionism and Mega FTAs. It points out the need to formulate not only the corporate strategy for enhancing the product differentiation and architectural capabilities but also the public policy, which comprises the industrial adjustment policy to cope with possible negative impulses caused by the digital trade and foreign direct investment. It is imperative for Korea to facilitate the alignment between corporate strategy and industrial adjustment policy as an effective means of enhancing industrial structure by nurturing those linkage effects between relevant forward and backward industries. Given the drastically volatile trade norms of multi-track trade policies, it may be a pivotal momentum for Korea to pursue a paradigm shift of its trade policy with a prime objective of achieving such an alignment between corporate strategy and industrial adjustment policy, which affords increased value-added and the further development of product or generic technology instead of resorting to the misuses and abuses of economies of scale and production technology for the maximization of export amount.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2022

Purpose: Based on the resource-based view and the competitive advantage theory, the study views marketing capabilities (product, pricing, delivery/inventory, and promotional support) as sources of competitive advantage (differentiation advantage and low-cost advantage) and examines their impacts on competitive advantage, which in turn, will influence non-business and business performance. Research design, data and methodology: Data were collected from 149 representatives of franchising companies in South Korea and analyzed with SmartPLS 3.3.7. Results: First, promotional support and product have a significant impact on differentiation advantage. Second, pricing and promotional support have a significant impact on low-cost advantage. Third, differentiation advantage has an influence on non-financial and financial business performance. Fourth, low-cost advantage has an impact on non-financial performance but has no significant direct impact on financial performance. Fifth, non-financial performance is related to financial performance. Finally, the result of IPMA shows that importance and performance values of exogeneous variables are different depending on firm size. Conclusions: The findings suggest that franchisors should focus on different marketing capabilities depending on their strategic focus and objectives. Finally, the findings based on an IPMA suggest that small companies perceive low-cost advantage as important, while their counterparts do not. Several theoretical and managerial implications are offered.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2015

In empirical studies on rural development projects, differentiation tends to be considered a strategy aimed at increasing the number of visitors. Rural development projects include the improvement of living environment, and the discussion about project goals and evaluation of project results are often focused on the aspect of rural tourism. Thus, subjective benefits of such projects for residents are omitted. This study examines the meaning of differentiation from the perspective of residents and explores the validity of the number of visitors and the possibility of reflecting residents' subjective score as evaluation indicators for a project. To achieve such an objective, this study uses survey data collected from 153 people in 38 comprehensive development projects in areas of Eup and Myeon, Korea. The results of this study show that differentiation is viewed as a by-product of positive improvement from a rural development project, from the perspective of residents. The effects of rural development are classified into two dimensions: socioeconomic effects and living environmental effects. Landscape improvement is included in the dimension of living environmental effects and an increase in the number of visitors is included in the dimension of socioeconomic effects. As such, they are confirmed to be the factors that determine the level of differentiation. For example, the increase in the number of visitors is confirmed to be a valid indicator of project success, in which two-dimensional characters are reflected. The level of differentiation evaluated by residents is a result of the workings of the above two factors. Unlike in previous studies, the possibility of evaluation based on the perception of residents is confirmed in the evaluation of results. When the level of differentiation is interpreted as the direct result of a project, the number of visitors has an impact on socioeconomic effects, and the project content of landscape improvement has an impact on living environmental effects. The goal of policy and residents is the same in terms of the effort residents may make in maximizing results of a project by themselves; thus, the government's goal is achieved even when a project is carried out under the autonomy of residents. Ultimately, the government should focus on providing conditions in which active citizen participation can not only occur but help to establish a policy direction, which subsequently strengthens the substantial rights of residents.