• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2013

Under an imperfect channel estimation, a Device-to-Device (D2D) communication framework based on MIMO relay technology is presented. The model consists of a D2D pair equipped with M antennas and a relay equipped with N antennas as well as a cellular user equipped with M antennas. The outage probability under different relaying protocols (i.e. AF and DF protocol) with and without considering a direct link was derived. The actual and theoretical outage probability of the five links under different antenna numbers was emulated. The number of user antennas and channel estimation error was analyzed carefully to determine their impact on the outage probability of a system. The simulation verified the theory analyses and the results showed that MIMO relaying improves the D2D communication system performance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.3335-3356
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• 2015

In this paper, we analyze the connectivity of cognitive radio ad-hoc networks in a log-normal shadow fading environment. Considering secondary user and primary user's locations and primary user's active state are randomly distributed according to a homogeneous Poisson process and taking into account the spectrum sensing efficiency of secondary user, we derive mathematical models to investigate the connectivity of cognitive radio ad-hoc networks in three aspects and compare with the connectivity of ad-hoc networks. First, from the viewpoint of a secondary user, we study the communication probability of that secondary user. Second, we examine the possibility that two secondary users can establish a direct communication link between them. Finally, we extend to the case of finding the probability that two arbitrary secondary users can communicate via multi-hop path. We verify the correctness of our analytical approach by comparing with simulations. The numerical results show that in cognitive radio ad-hoc networks, high fading variance helps to remarkably improve connectivity behavior in the same condition of secondary user's density and primary user's average active rate. Furthermore, the impact of shadowing on wireless connection probability dominates that of primary user's average active rate. Finally, the spectrum sensing efficiency of secondary user significantly impacts the connectivity features. The analysis in this paper provides an efficient way for system designers to characterize and optimize the connectivity of cognitive radio ad-hoc networks in practical wireless environment.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권7A호
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• pp.731-742
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• 2010

We propose an incremental relaying protocol in conjunction with opportunistic communication for differential modulation with an aim to make efficient use of the degrees of freedom of the channels by exploiting a imited feedback signal from the destination. In particular, whenever the direct link from the source to the destination is not favorable to decoding, the destination will request the help from the opportunistic relay (if any). The performance of the proposed system is derived in terms of average bit error probability and achievable spectral efficiency. The analytic results show that the system assisted by the opportunistic relaying can achieve full diversity at low SNR regime and exhibits a 30㏈ gain relative to direct transmission, assuming single-antenna terminals. We also determine the effect of power allocation on the bit error probability BEP) performance of our relaying scheme. We conclude with a discussion on the relationship between the given thresholds and channel resource savings. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to verify the analysis.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2017

In this research, we study the outage probability for distributed space-time coding-based cooperative (DSTC) systems with amplify-and-forward relaying over Rayleigh fading channels with a high temporal correlation where the direct link between the source and the destination is available. In particular, we derive the upper and lower bounds of the outage probability as well as their corresponding asymptotic expressions. In addition, using only the average channel powers for the source-to-relay and relay-to-destination links, we propose an efficient power allocation scheme between the source and the relay to minimize the asymptotic upper bound of the outage probability. Through a numerical investigation, we verify the analytical expressions as well as the effectiveness of the proposed efficient power allocation. The numerical results show that the lower and upper bounds tightly correspond to the exact outage probability, and the proposed efficient power allocation scheme provides an outage probability similar to that of the optimal power allocation scheme that minimizes the exact outage probability.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.2081-2100
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a cooperative hybrid spectrum sharing protocol by jointly considering interweave (opportunistic) and underlay schemes. In the proposed protocol, secondary users can access the licensed spectrum along with the primary system. Our network scenario comprises a single primary transmitter-receiver (PTx-PRx) pair and a group of M secondary transmitter-receiver (STx-SRx) pairs within the transmission range of the primary system. Secondary transmitters are divided into two groups: active and inactive. A secondary transmitter that gets an opportunity to access the secondary spectrum is called "active". One of the idle or inactive secondary transmitters that achieves the primary request target rate $R_{PT}$ will be selected as a best decode-and-forward (DF) relay (Re) to forward the primary information when the data rate of the direct link between PTx and PRx falls below $R_{PT}$. We investigate the ergodic capacity and outage probability of the primary system with cooperative relaying and outage probability of the secondary system. Our theoretical and simulation results show that both the primary and secondary systems are able to achieve performance improvement in terms of outage probability. It is also shown that ergodic capacity and outage probability improve when the active secondary transmitter is located farther away from the PRx.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.2567-2582
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• 2016

This paper investigates the impact of outdated channel state information (CSI) on the performance of the incremental amplify-and-forward (AF) opportunistic relaying (OR) over dual-hop Rayleigh fading channels. According to the definition of distribution function, we obtain the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the actual combined signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) received at the destination. Based on this CDF, the closed-form expressions of the average spectral efficiency and outage probability are derived for the incremental AF OR under outdated CSI. Numerical results show that in the low region of the average SNR of the direct link, outdated CSI deteriorates the system performance, whereas in the high region, outdated CSI has almost no impact on the system performance.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제47권11호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2010

선택적 중계 기법은 수신 복잡도가 낮으면서도 선택 다이버시티로 인하여 성능 향상을 도모할 수 있는 협력 통신 시스템의 전송 기법 중 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 이 시스템의 오차 확률을 최소화 할 수 있는 선형 전처리 기술을 다룬다. 전 채널 상태 정보가 모든 단말에서 이용 가능하다는 가정 하에, 수신 신호의 평균 제곱 오차를 최소화하기 위한 송신 및 중계 전처리 필터를 제안한다. 중계 전송을 위한 최적의 송신 및 중계 전처리 필터는 수식적으로 표현하기 어렵고 반복 연산을 요구하므로 이를 단순화한 기법을 적용한다. 게다가, 고정된 신호 대 잡음비의 임계치를 사용하는 기존의 선택적 중계 기법과 달리 직접 경로와 중계 경로에서의 신호 검출 후 최소 신호 대 잡음비를 비교하여 더 큰 값을 갖는 경로를 전송 경로로 선택하는 기법을 소개한다. 모의실험을 통하여 제안한 선택 중계 기법이 기존의 중계 기법 및 선택적 중계 기법보다 우수한 성능을 보임을 확인할 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.2831-2847
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• 2017

In this paper, a joint destination-relay selection and antenna mode selection scheme for full-duplex (FD) relay network is investigated, which consists of one source node, N FD amplify-and-forward (AF) relays and M destination nodes. Multiple antennas are configured at the source node, and beamforming technique is adopted. Two antennas are employed at each relay, one for receiving and the other for transmitting. Only one antenna is equipped at each destination node. In the proposed scheme, the best destination node is firstly selected according to the direct links between the source node and destination nodes. Then the transmit and receive mode of two antennas at each relay is adaptively selected based on the relaying link condition. Meanwhile, the best relay with the optimal Tx/Rx antenna configuration is selected to forward the signals. To characterize the performance of the proposed scheme, the closed-form expression of the outage probability is derived; meanwhile, the simple asymptotic expressions are also obtained. Our analysis shows that the proposed scheme obtains the benefits of multi-relay diversity and multi-destination diversity. Moreover, extra space diversity in the medium SNR region can be achieved due to the antenna selection at the relay. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulations are provided to consolidate the analytical results, and show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 전체 채널 정보와 부분 채널 정보를 이용하여 중계 노드를 선택하는 각각의 증폭 후 전달 중계 시스템을 고려한다. 여기서, 소스 노드와 목적지 노드간의 직접 통신 링크를 고려한다. 그리고, 전체 채널 정보와 부분 채널 정보를 이용하여 중계 노드를 선택하는 각각의 증폭 후 전달 중계 시스템에 대한 아웃티지 확률을 레일레이 페이딩 채널을 가정하여 분석한다. 특히, 각각의 시스템에 대하여 정확한 아웃티지 확률과 아웃티지 확률의 하한, 그리고 점근적인 아웃티지 확률 식들을 유도한다. 또한, 전체 채널 정보와 부분 채널 정보를 이용하여 중계 노드를 선택하는 각각의 증폭 후 전달 중계 시스템에 대하여 얻을 수 있는 코딩 이득을 제시한다. 수치적 결과를 통해, 모든 분석 표현식들을 검증하고, 첫 번째와 두 번째 홉의 평균 채널 전력이 상이한 경우와 중계 노드의 수가 상이한 경우에 대하여 각각의 시스템에 대한 코딩 이득을 비교한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.890-910
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• 2014

This paper investigates the spectrum hole utilization of cooperative schemes for the two-way relaying model in order to improve the utilization efficiency of limited spectrum holes in cognitive radio networks with imperfect spectrum sensing. We propose two specific bidirectional secondary data transmission (BSDT) schemes with two-step and three-step two-way relaying models, i.e., two-BSDT and three-BSDT schemes, where the spectrum sensing and the secondary data transmission are jointly designed. In the proposed cooperative schemes, the best two-way relay channel between two secondary users is selected from a group of secondary users serving as cognitive relays and assists the bi-directional communication between the two secondary users without a direct link. The closed-form asymptotic expressions for outage probabilities of the two schemes are derived with a primary user protection constraint over Rayleigh fading channels. Based on the derived outage probabilities, the spectrum hole utilization is calculated to evaluate the percentage of spectrum holes used by the two secondary users for their successful information exchange without channel outage. Numerical results show that the spectrum hole utilization depends on the spectrum sensing overhead and the channel gain from a primary user to secondary users. Additionally, we compare the spectrum hole utilization of the two schemes as the varying of secondary signal to noise ratio, the number of cognitive relays, and symmetric and asymmetric channels.