• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.369-375
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• 2006

Calibration gas mixtures were prepared using dynamic volumetric method according to ISO 6145-5 and the uncertainty was evaluated. Ten identical capillaries with 0.25 mm in inner diameter and 50 cm in length were applied in this system. Dilution ratio of parent gas was determined by the number of capillaries that passes parent gas and that passes balance gas through. Capillaries were made of Teflon which had good chemical stability against adsorption of gaseous substances. Mechanical valves were introduced in this system in order to minimize the thermal effect of solenoid valves. Concentration of prepared gases were compared with master grade standard gases in cylinders made by RiGAS Co. and calibration of the instrument were completed using comparison method according to ISO 6143. Experimental results showed that the coefficient of variance of diluted oxygen standard gases showed less then 0.2% in most dilution range, that of diluted hydrogen sulfide standard gases showed less then 1.0%. Therefore, it is proven that the standard gases prepared by this system are appropriate to be used as a calibration standards in ambient monitoring, etc.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.179-207
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• 1995

Homoeopathy ws established in 1796 by German phsician Samuel Hahnemann$(1755{\sim}1843)$. This method is an alternative form of therapy involving treatment by natural remedies. The basic principles of homoeopathic medicine, 'similia similibus curentur', 'experimenta in homine sano', 'dose minimae' and 'unitas remedii', are founded upon the idea of illness as a disorder of the internal equilibrium at the physical, mental and psychic levels. The three distinguishing characteristics of homopathy are that remedies are prescribed on the totlity of a person's symptoms, that the remedy likely to cure a person is a dilution of that substance which would cause the same symptoms in a healthy person, and that remedies are prepared using mcirodoses of substances which are diluted and then vigorously shaken. This paper describes the historical background of homeopathy and compared with the basic principles of oriental medicine from the literature.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2013

With the development of mobile internet, requirements of positioning accuracy for the LBS (Location Based Service) are becoming more and more higher. The LBS is based on the position of each mobile device. So, it requires a proper acquisition of accurate user's indoor position. Thus indoor positioning technology and its accuracy is crucial for various LBS. In general, RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) measurements are used to obtain the position information of mobile unit under WLAN environment. However, indoor positioning error increases as multiple AP's configurations are becoming more complex. To overcome this problem, an enhanced indoor localization method by AP (Access Point) selection criteria adopting DOP (Dilution of Precision) is proposed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.2382-2386
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• 2003

The Global Positioning System(GPS) is a satellite based precise positioning system avaliable worldwide. The GPS have many error sources. The earth's ionosphere and atmosphere cause delays in the GPS signal that translate into position errors. Some errors can be factored out using mathematics and modeling. The configuration of the satellites in the sky can magnify other errors. The problem of accuracy on GPS measurement data can be meaningful. In this study, we propose the method for GPS positioning accuracy improvement. The FUZZY set theory on PDOP(Position Dilution of Precision) and SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio) provide improved for measured positioning data. The accuracy of positioning has been improved by selecting data from original using the FUZZY set theory on PDOP and SNR.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 1966

A spectrochemical method for the determination of the major impurities, such as aluminum, iron, magnesium and silicon, in rutile single crystals and variously doped rutile is presented. By applying higher current (12 amp) and a 1:2 sample-to-graphite dilution by weight, the elaborate sample preparation needed for conventional fusion technique was avoided, and relatively higher detection limits were established. Average deviations are approximately ${\pm}8%$ for iron and magnesium in the concentration ranges of 0.007 to 0.7% and 0.006 to 0.6% respectively, and ${\pm}5%$ for aluminum and silicon in the range of 0.005 to 0.5%.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2010

A specimen of Beauveria bassiana was collected from Yang-yang of Gangwon province, Korea in October 2006. Conidial isolates were prepared from the specimen by the dilution method and inoculated in brown rice medium for fruiting body production. After nearly two months incubation for perithecial stromata developed from single isolates as well as from their combinations. They were determined as Cordyceps bassiana by observing the stromatal characters and their conidial structures. This is the first report of the development of C. bassiana from B. bassiana cultures.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 1999

The fungistatic and fungicidal activities of amphotericin B, fluconazole, miconazole, econazole, and 5-fluorocytosine against Saccharomyces cerevisiae were estimated in the presence of 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 1/2 minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of polygodial, respectively. Among them, the antifungal activities of miconazoles by polygodial was still shown against several yeast-like fungi including Candida albicans, Candida utilis, Cryptococcus neoformans, except for Candida krusei. The combination of polygodial with imidazole drugs against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was further examined using the macrobroth dilution checkerboard method. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and the fractional fungicidal concentration (FFC) index between polygodial and miconazole were 0.16 and 0.19, while the combination of polygodial with econazole exhibited the FIC index of 0.19 and the FFC of 0.25, respectively. These results suggest that polygodial and the imidazoles on the fungistatic and fungicidal action are highly synergistic.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.228-232
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• 1999

The combination effect of anethole with amphotericin B, fluconazole, miconazole, or 5-fluorocytosine was investigated against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When combined with $\frac{1}{2}$ minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or $\frac{1}{2}$ minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of anethole, the antifungal activities of fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine were not changed, but the fungistatic and the fungicidal activities of miconazole were increased 64-fold, respectively. In the case of amphotericin B, the fungistatic activity was increased 2-fold, while the fungicidal activity was decreased 2-fold. The combination effect of anethole with miconazole or amphotericin B was also investigated at the various concentrations using the macrobroth dilution checkerboard method. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and the fractional fungicidal concentration (FFC) index between B exhibited the FIC index of 8.25 and the FFC of 32.06, respectively. Thus, it is analyzed that the combination of anethole with miconazole or amphotericin B on the antifungal action shows synergism and antagonism, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 1995

An analysis of the use of temperature profiles in the determination of the kinetic parameters of combustion synthesis of Ti5Si3 were investigated. From profile analysis, an apparent activation energy of 12KJ/mol was calculated. The Maximum heating rate achieved during 10wt% Ti5Si3 reaction by the product dilution method was approximately $1.5\times$104 K/s. Coupling this value with the measured wave velocity of 7.02 cm/s yields a maximum thermal gradient of 2.14$\times$103 K/cm. The value of tr (=t*) was calculated to be 1.2$\times$10-1 s and the value of td (=tx) was calculated to be 32.89 s. Using the definition of t* and the measured wave velocity, the effective thermal diffusivity, $\alpha$, was calculated to be 0.59$\times$10 $\textrm{cm}^2$/s. From these analysis, the power function, G, was also calculated.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 1999

Effects of the commercial laundry detergents, fabric softeners, and bleaches on bactericidal activities were studied. Bactericidal activities under various conditions during washing, rinsing, and bleaching were evaluated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) by a broth dilution method. The experiments were carried out using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli which were usually employed in antibacterial activity tests. The results are summarized as follows : 1. All samples of Powder detergents(10 samples), soaps(7 samples) and fabric softeners(4 samples) were inactive against the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 2. One sample in the liquid detergents(6 samples) showed a very low MIC for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli., and three samples showed a selective effect for two bacterial strains. 3. Bleaching agent(containing peroxide) did not have bactericidal effect for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. but the other(containing chlorine) had the effect for every bacterial strain in standard concentration. 4. All samples showed bactericidal effect above 60$^{\circ}C$.