• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.387-395
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• 2006

Nowadays, various digital maps on a reduced scale were drawn in Korea including the topographic series of a nation. Though these digital maps are drawn and revised by using aerial photograph or satellite image, there are some problems that it is difficult to revise or renew the topography and natural feature immediately which changes frequently. As the countermeasures of these problems we use GPS accumbency method, which provides user with convenience and accumbency accuracy which is required to revise and renew digital maps. But acquiring correct position by using GPS only may cause not a few errors because of environmental effect of satellite signal errors that GPS obtains. Although accumulated errors which is the major problem of existing method was diminished owing to the position signal received from satellite which is about 20,183km above, the area that can not receives the signal is occur such as woods and high-rise buildings space. And because of the GDOP (Geometry Dilution of Precision) of GPS satellite and the periodically changing orbit of the satellite, the position calculating problems occur. For settlement of these problems and accurate position determination, DGPS (Differential GPS) is indispensably needed. So, in this study, by adapting Radio Beacon Receiver for marine position determination which is the most convenience method of DGPS methods, we elevated accuracy of modification and renewal of digital map and, having wide application in various measurements, proposed the rapid measurement method about widespread area. In this study, wewant to propose the work scheme of rapid modification and renewal of digital map by using Beacon GPS which is comparatively cheap of all the DGPS methods and which makes it possible to measure independently.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.196-208
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of 2 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 200ml of isotonic saline every 12 hour on the frequency of "red man syndrome", phlebitis and length of peripheral catheter placement of infected patients, in order to provide safe infusion method for reducing vancomycinin-duced RMS and phlebitis. The subjects of the study consisted of 16 hospitalized patients; 3 oncology and gastro-intestinal patients, 1 neurological patient, 6 thoracic surgical patients and 6 orthopedic patients, who had received vancomycin from July to October in 1999 at S-hospital. The dependent variables were the incidence of RMS, phlebitis and the length of peripheral catheter placement. The incidence of RMS was checked by an inspector at the first night whenever the infusion method of vancomycin was changed. RMS was observed every 15 minutes during an hour for symptoms of RMS such as itching, erythema, chest pain and systolic blood pressure. Incidence of phlebitis was assessed by inspector twice a day from the insertion of peripheral catheter to the removal of the catheter. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, $X^2$-test, t-test, repeated ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis using the SPSSWIN program. The results are summarized as follows; 1. No significant difference was identified in frequency of RMS between the experimental group and control group. 2. There was no significant difference in the change of systolic blood pressure as the time goes on between the experimental group and control group. 3. The incidence of phlebitis was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. 4. The length of peripheral catheter placement was significantly longer in the experimental group than in the control group. 5. Other drugs administrated with vancomycin didn't influence the occurrence of phlebitis. However, the infusion method of vancomycin influenced the occurrence of phlebitis. The results suggest that 2 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 200ml of isotonic saline every 12 hours may decrease the incidence of phlebitis and increase the length of peripheral catheter placement compared to 1 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 100ml of isotonic saline every 12 hours. However, it does not reduce the incidence of RMS.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2007

Fungicidal screening was performed to control soybean black root rot caused by Calonectria ilicicola through in vitro and greenhouse assays. In in vitro assay, 25 fungicides were assessed by an agar dilution method and a 96-well microtiter plate method. While protective fungicides including dithianon, dichlofluanid, mancozeb, and captan showed a very low activity against the mycelial growth C. ilicicola SC03-15 in the agar dilution method, they displayed potent inhibitory activity against spore germination in a 96-well microtiter plate method with $EC_{50}$ values of 4.65, 0.61, 4.64, and $0.29{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, respectively. Ergosterol biosynthesis-inhibiting (EBI) fungicides showed different antifungal activity against mycelial growth and spore germination according to molecules. Difenconazole displayed higher antifungal activity against spore germination rather than mycelial growth, and prochloraz inhibited potently both mycelial growth and spore germination with EC50 values less than $1.8{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. In contrast, the other EBI fungicides inhibited more highly mycelial growth than spore germination. Carbendazim+diethofencarb and dazomet also inhibited both mycelial growth and spore germination of C. ilicicola SC03-15 at very low concentrations. In greenhouse assay, carbendazim+diethofencarb effectively controlled a soybean black root rot by drenching 2 days before or after inoculation. In addition, tebuconazole showed potent curative activity against soybean black root rot.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.417-426
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• 2002

Inductively Coupled Plasma Dynamic Reaction Cell Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (ICP-DRC-QMS) was characterized for the detection of the six naturally occurring calcium isotopes. The effect of the operating conditions of the DRC system was studied to get the best signal-to-noise ratio. This experiment shows that the potentially interfering ions such as $Ar^+$, ${CO_2}^+$, ${NO_2}^+$, $CNO^+$ at the calcium masses m/z 40, 42, 43, 44 and 48 were removed by flowing $NH_3$ gas at the rate of 0.7 mL/min $NH_3$ as reactive cell gas in the DRC with a RPq value (rejection parameter) of 0.6. The limits of detection for $^{40}Ca$, $^{42}Ca$, $^{43}Ca$, $^{44}Ca$, and $^{48}Ca$ were 1, 29, 169, 34, and 15 pg/mL, respectively. This method was applied to the determination of calcium in synthetic food digest samples (CCQM-P13) provided by LGC for international comparison. The isotope dilution method was used for the determination of calcium in the samples. The uncertainty evaluation was performed according to the ISO/GUM and EURACHEM guidelines. The determined mean concentration and its expanded uncertainty of calcium was ($66.4{\pm}1.2$) mg/kg. In order to assess our method, two reference samples, Riverine Water reference sample (NRCC SLRS-3) and Trace Elements in Water reference sample (NIST SRM 1643d), were analyzed.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.21 no.B
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• pp.133-139
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• 2001

Generally $PbTiO_3$ is manufactured in a form of thin films which is useful for the application of infrared sensors and non-volatile memory devices. Moreover $PbTiO_3$ has a characteristic of adsorption for organic acid as well as electronic property. Organic acid adsorption properties of $PbTiO_3$ powder prepared by sol-gel method was compared with the powder purchased from Aldrich Co. Crystallization and particle size of $PbTiO_3$ are influenced by process variables, such as dilution of sol solution, catalysis, calcination temperature, calcination time, etc. As the size of $PbTiO_3$ power decreased until several nanometers, adsorption of acetic acid and formic acid was increased 1.5-fold and 1.2-fold respectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.259-264
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• 1993

Ion chromatographic method has been applied for burnup measurement of irradiated nuclear fuel by dynamic system using 1-octanesulfonate as a cation exchanger and $\alpha$-hydroxyisobutyric acid as an eluant. A number of elution techniques were evaluated for the optimum separation of plutonium, uranium and neodymium. These elements were individually separated and collected by gradient elution between 0.05 M and 0.40 M of $\alpha$-hydroxyisobutyric acid in a single column, and finally determined by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The burnup data from this method were compared with those from conventional anion exchange method. The results showed a good agreement within 3.5 % of difference between two methods.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.45-48
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• 2013

The electronic device, such as flat panel display (FPD), is very important in our life as a means of communication between humans. Liquid crystal display (LCD), which is categorized as a flat panel display, has been used in many display products, especially in TV industry. An LED TV is composed of several electrical components, such as liquid critical module (LCM), analog to digital convertor (AD), power supplier, and inverter board. These modules are very vulnerable to particulate contamination, and causing malfunction or visibility degradation. In this study, we developed a test method for prediction of LCM's lifetime. The test system consists of carbon particle generation flame, dilution system, test chamber, and particle concentration monitoring instrument. Since the carbon particles are the most abundant in the atmosphere and easily absorb light, soot particles are used as a challenging material for this test. The concentration of generated soot particles is set around 4,000,000 #/cc, which is 400 times higher than that of usual atmospheric particles. Through this experiment, we deduced the relationship between the dust concentration and life time of the test specimen.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.847-854
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• 2017

A rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four barbiturates (phenobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital and secobarbital) in raw milk. The barbiturates were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction, ultrasonication and centrifugation, and purified on an SPE column. Analytes were separated by HPLC on a CSH C18 column eluted using an acetonitrile-water system with a linear gradient dilution programme, and detected by MS/MS. The recoveries of the barbiturates were 85.0-113.5%, and the intra- and inter-assay RSDs were less than 9.8% and 7.3%, respectively. The limit of detection was 5 ng/mL for all four of the barbiturates. The analytical method exhibited good linearity from 10 to 1000 ng/mL; the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) was greater than 0.9950 for each barbiturate. This method was also applied to the determination of barbiturates in real milk samples and was found to be suitable for the determination of veterinary drug residues in raw milk.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.569-573
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• 2010

A quantitative detection method for Salmonella in seafood was developed using a SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay. The assay was developed using pure Salmonella DNA at different dilution levels [i.e., 1,000 to 2 genome equivalents (GE)]. The sensitivity of the real-time assay for Salmonella in seeded seafood samples was determined, and the minimum detection level was 20 CFU/g, whereas a detection level of 2 CFU/ml was obtained for pure culture in water with an efficiency of ${\geq}85%$. The real-time assay was evaluated in repeated experiments with seeded seafood samples and the regression coefficient ($R^2$) values were calculated. The performance of the real-time assay was further assessed with naturally contaminated seafood samples, where 4 out of 9 seafood samples tested positive for Salmonella and harbored cells <100 GE/g, which were not detected by direct plating on Salmonella Chromagar media. Thus, the method developed here will be useful for the rapid quantification of Salmonella in seafood, as the assay can be completed within 2-3 h. In addition, with the ability to detect a low number of Salmonella cells in seafood, this proposed method can be used to generate quantitative data on Salmonella in seafood, facilitating the implementation of control measures for Salmonella contamination in seafood at harvest and post-harvest levels.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2015

In this study, the effect of heat input on weld metal microstructure and the effects of dissimilar weld heat affected zone in quenched and tempered ASTM A517 on the stainless steel AISI 316L is investigated through the optimization of welding parameters. For this purpose, two welding techniques are used, tungsten-conventional gas and pulsed gas with weld wire ER 309MoL with Diameter 2.4 mm. Research showed that the grain size of the heat affected zone in pulsed welding is less compared with conventional welding; weld metal structure is fully austenitic, it has a finer structure in the pulsed method. Additionally, the growth of weld metal adjacent steel A517 is different from steel 316L. Further, investigation showed that the rate of dilution is less in the pulsed method and the impact energy is increased in each three regions of the weld metal and heat affected zones in the pulsed method; the fracture in the weld metal and heat affected zone of steel 316L is quite soft and it is semi-crispy in the heat affected zone of steel A517.