• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2007

The shroud of the Chosun dynasty period originally meant the new start in the next world. Its basic principle was to wear the best clothes or wedding garments during one's life. The white hemp cloth-shroud worn during this time was formed after the 20th century. In the beginning it started simply by imitating the shroud of the common people. However recently many aspects of the trade have deteriorated by the commercialism of the shroud traders. So this study focuses on the way of keeping traditions and making the shroud desirable. First, the shroud was made of the best materials such as silk, hemp cloth, ramie cloth and cotton cloth in the past. A thought that the shroud material must be white hemp cloth is the result from misunderstanding of the traditional shroud of the Chosun dynasty period. We can produce beautiful shrouds using natural materials without losing dignity and at diverse prices. Second, the shroud was produced not only to keep the dignity of a dead person but also to avoid wasting the original cloth. Third, The shroud has pursued diversity in classifying the traditional style or the basic style. It is possible to select the shroud flexibly according to one's sense of values or the way the tomb was made. These days, the Korean full-dress attire and Wonsam (Korean woman's ceremonial clothes) are the standardized form of the ready-made shroud. The man's Korean full-dress attire on sale is sewn in the wrong way and its shape looks more like the Wonsam. I offer diverse shrouds of the Chosun dynasty period, for example, the official uniform, hemp cloth upper garment, men's black upper garment, Korean full-dress attire, Korean overcoat, Wonsam, the long hood worn by a Korean woman and a woman's long upper garment, so that we can see the Korean originality and beauty through the different types of shrouds. Also, I adjusted a number of items, undergarments and other articles according to the price. As mentioned before this study helps to portray a desirable understanding of the culture of the shroud. So I corrected many problems of the present shroud and propose a new type of shroud based on tradition. Furthermore, I recommend a way of making use of the Hanbok which the man wears during his life, at the wedding ceremony or a his 60th birthday without buying a new shroud.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2003

This study was focused on comparing the knowledge, attitudes and experiences in sex and the needs for sex education of nursing students and non-nursing students. The subjects of this study were 403 female students who attended 4 universities in Busan. The data was collected from November 2002 to December, and analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard variance, t-test and Chi-square. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of sex knowledge of the nursing students was 13.29 and the non-nursing students's was 11.11. There was a difference(p=0.000) between nursing and non-nursing students in sex knowledge. 2. The mean score of sex attitude of nursing and non-nursing students was 25.64, 26.65 respectively. There was no statistical difference. 3. 61.8% of the nursing students and 62.3% of the non-nursing students had experienced a relation with the opposite sex. Kissing experience was 59.9%, 61.8% and masturbation was 9.5%, 9.2% respectively. Sexual intercourse was 5.3%, 11.9% and contraception was 1.9%, 8.2% respectively. Among these experiences, sexual intercourse and contraception experience rate were different(p=0.017, p=0.002 respectively) between nursing and non-nursing students. 4. Of 19 sexual education contents, only 'the dignity of life' showed a difference. That is, more nursing students(92.9%) wanted to know about 'the dignity of life' than non-nursing students(85.7%). Among the respcndent's needs on the sexual education contents, 'Contraception' was rated first and followed by 'Sex psychology of men and women', 'Pregnancy', 'Prevention of sexual crime' and 'Sexually transmitted diseases'. Most of the respcndents(95.8%) wanted sex education introduced in the :first year of university, and presented as a special class. Specifically, 50.0% of the students wanted the education to be more realistic and systemic. With the above results, when university faculties are sexual educating to university students, they have to aware of the difference of target students. And they need to stress more realistic and specific aspect of sexual education learning rather than theoretical teaching.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-67
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• 1987

삼림경관지의 물리적 환경이 지닌 시각적 질을 계량적 접근방법으로 분석하여 환경설계에 객관화된 기초자료를 제시하고자, 자연삼림경관의 경관가치를 Iveson 법에 의하여 평가하고, 삼림내 주리용공간에 대하여는 S.D Scale을 측정하고, 인자분석 Algorithm을 통하여 이미지 구호를 밝혔으며, 시각적 선호성 및 S.B.E Method에 의한 시각적 선호도를 파악한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Iverson 인자 I과 IV가 높은 치를 보이는 지점일수록 경관의 가치순위가 높게 나타났으며, 인공구조물이 공잔적으로 일관된 맥락을 유지하는 분배와 연종의 상관관계를 보이지 않고 이질적으로 작용하는 지점에서는 낮은 치를 보였다. 인공요소를 자연경관요소에 동질적으로 융합시켜 Iverson 인자 IV의 측정치를 높이는 설계기법이 중요하다 하겠다. 2. 각 조사지점 공히 계절에 따른 S.D. Scale 치의 차이가 나타났으며, 삼림경관지에서 인공구조물이 보완적, 융합적으로 작용하는 공간에서는 시각적 연속성 구조물의 형태적 간결성 강조성 이질요소의 통일성 및 동화성 등의 어의미분척도가 이미지의 주성분석 변수로 나타났다. 3. 삼림경관지의 공간 이미지를 함축하는 변인은 종합평가, 개성, 정연성, 역량성, 품격, 친근감 및 공간규모 등 7개의 인자군으로 분석되었으며, 인자수 제어방법에 의하여 T.V. 는 45.32%로 나타났다. 4. 모든 계절 공히 개성, 품격, 정연성, 역량성 및 친근감의 인자가 높은 Factor Score를 보여, 삼림경관지의 계절적 공간이미지를 대표하는 인자군으로 나타났으며, 각 공간 이미지의 주인자 및 계절별 이미지 차이를 나타내는 인자는 각지점간 높은 유의성을 보였다. 5. 성별에 따른 Factor Score의 차이는 삼림경관지에 대한 이미지 중 종합평가와 개성 차원에서만 인정되었고, 연령에 따른 차이는 30대 이하와 40대 이상간에 현저한 차이를 보였으며, 학력에 따른 유의성도 나타났다. 직업간의 유의성은 학생과 타 직업간에 나타났다. 직업간의 유의성은 학생과 타 직업간에 현격하게 나타났으나, 개인차를 나타내는 속성적 변수는 상호보완적인 변수기능을 수행하고 있기 때문에 다양한 행동의 설명력있는 이유로 볼 수 없다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.325-347
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• 2010

본 연구는 노인인구계층에서 사회경제적으로 가장 열악한 빈곤여성노인의 죽음에 대한 태도를 탐색하여 현재의 삶을 지원하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 65세 이상의 여성 국민기초생활보장수급자를 대상으로 심층면접을 진행하여 질적연구방법을 통해 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 빈곤여성노인의 죽음에 대한 태도는 주제인 '고생스러운 현실에서 죽음을 느낌', '죽음을 긍정적으로 받아들임', '믿고 있는 장례준비', '좋은 죽음을 맞이하고 싶음' 등으로 도출되었다. 이들에게 죽음은 '고단한 인생살이에서 벗어남'을 의미하였다. 빈곤여성노인의 죽음준비는 배우자나 자식이 없는 경우가 많아 부계혈통 중심의 장례절차에 한계를 느끼고 공적 지원체계(장제급여)와 민간의 지원체계(사회복지시설 입소, 종교활동)를 통해 마련하고 있었다. 빈곤여성노인은 건강하지 않고 경제적으로 어려워서 죽음과정에 대한 두려움을 가지고 있었다. 이에 빈곤여성노인이 좋은 죽음을 맞이하기 위한 노인복지적 제언을 제시하였다.

• 의료법학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.455-492
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• 2009

(Background) Recent biotechnological breakthroughs are shedding new lights on various ethical and legal issues about human biological material. Since Rudolph Virchow, a German pathologist, had founded the medical discipline of cellular pathology, issues centering around human biological materials began to draw attention. The issues involving human biological materials were revisited with more attention along with series concerns when the human genome map was finally completed. Recently, with researches on human genes and bioengineering reaping enormous commercial values in the form of material patent, such changes require a society to reassess the present and future status of human tissue within the legal system. This in turn gave rise to a heated debate over how to protect the rights of material donors: property rule vs. no property rule. (Debate and Cases) Property rule recognizes the donors' property rights on human biological materials. Thus, donors can claim real action if there were any bleach of informed consent or a donation contract. Donors can also claim damages to the responsible party when there is an infringement of property rights. Some even uphold the concept of material patents overtaking. From the viewpoint of no property rule, human biological materials are objects separated from donors. Thus, a recipient or a third party will be held liable if there were any infringement of donor's human rights. Human biological materials should not be commercially traded and a patent based on a human biological materials research does not belong to the donor of the tissues used during the course of research. In the US, two courts, Moore v. Regents of the University of California, and Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute, Inc., have already decided that research participants retain no ownership of the biological specimens they contribute to medical research. Significantly, both Moore and Greenberg cases found that the researcher had parted with all ownership rights in the tissue samples when they donated them to the institutions, even though there was no provision in the informed consent forms stating either that the participants donated their tissue or waived their rights to ownership of the tissue. These rulings were led to huge controversy over property rights on human tissues. This research supports no property rule on the ground that it can protect the human dignity and prevent humans from objectification and commercialization. Human biological materials are already parted from human bodies and should be treated differently from the engineering and researches of those materials. Donors do not retain any ownership. (Suggestions) No property rule requires a legal breakthrough in the US in terms of donors' rights protection due to the absence of punitive damages provisions. The Donor rights issue on human biological material can be addressed through prospective legislation or tax policies, price control over patent products, and wider coverage of medical insurance. (Conclusions) Amid growing awareness over commercial values of human biological materials, no property rule should be adopted in order to protect human dignity but not without revamping legal provisions. The donors' rights issue in material patents requires prospective legislation based on current uncertainties. Also should be sought are solutions in the social context and all these discussions should be based on sound medical ethics of both medical staffs and researchers.

• 의료법학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.203-249
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• 2009

It is the so-called Shinchon Severance Hospital Case brought to an end by the decision of the Supreme Court that opened the real discourse of withholding or withdrawing of LST (Life-Sustaining Treatment) in the legal profession as well as medical profession in Korea. Everyone has sympathy with the validity and necessity of legal regulation on withdrawing-including withholding-of LST save the requirements & procedure of withdrawing of LST. In this situation, the legislative bill of amendment to the Korean Civil Law introducing of adult guardianship was pre-announced by the Ministry of Justice on September 18th 2009. The adult guardianship is a guardianship system that supports an mentally handicapped adult to deal with his affairs by support of a guardian. The object of adult guardianship includes affairs of body or well-being as well as property of adult wards. In particular, affairs of medical matters are of importance in the duty and authority of adult guardians. So, the introduction of adult guardianship is of much importance de lege lata as well as de lege ferena in the discussion of withdrawing of LST as a medical treatment. Since the legislation on withdrawing of LST intents to protect the right of death with dignity on the basis of patients' autonomy, the ratio legis of withdrawing of LST is variant from that of adult guardianship. In this context, it seems reasonable to legislate the withdrawing of LST separately from the adultguardianship. In the meantime, the adult guardianship of the legislative bill of amendment to the Korean Civil Law is related to the withdrawing of LST, since the main purpose of adult guardianship is to protect patients' quality of lives and to regulate guardianship contracts based on patients' autonomy. In that context, it seems reasonable to incorporate the legislation of withdrawing of LST into the adult guardianship system. In the latter case, it is not easy to adopt the withdrawing of LST into the legislative bill of the Korean Civil Law for the bill is pre-announced already as previously stated. However, the legislation of withdrawing of LST is not inferior to the legislation of adult guardianship as a matter of urgency. Moreover, it is likely that the legislative bill of Amendment to the Korean Civil Law generates discrepancies in interpretation of the requirements & procedure of withdrawing of LST as the amended German Civil Law did. In short, it is desirable for the legislator to revise the legislative bill despite delay.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 '호스피스 완화의료'의 개념 및 '연명의료' 결정 내용에 대해 일반인들이 어느 정도 인식하고 있는지 알아보고자 하는 목적으로 시행되었다. 2016년 9월 일개 지역에서 열린 행사에 참여한 참가자 및 관계자 중 자발적으로 동의한 346명을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 연구결과를 보면, 종교를 가진 사람들이 종교가 없는 사람들에 비해 자연스런 죽음을 원하고 있었으며, 존엄사와 관련된 결정에서 적극적인 태도를 취하는 것으로 보인다. 종교가 있는 집단에서 연명치료 중 인공호흡시행에 동의한 대상이 많이 나왔다. 종교는 삶과 죽음에 대한 인식에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 중요 요소로서 죽음 후 내세가 있다고 믿기 때문에, 무의미한 삶의 연장에 대해서 보다 단호한 입장을 취할 수 있는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 호스피스 완화의료와 사전연명의료결정법이 일반인들에게 안정적으로 정착하여 존엄한 삶의 마무리와 죽음의 질을 높이기 위해서는 연령, 교육정도, 종교의 유무 등을 고려하여 다양한 교육 프로그램을 통한 인식 확산을 하여야 할 것이다. 또한 호스피스 완화의료 및 연명의료 관련 지식을 일반인이 충분히 이해할 수 있도록 교육 및 홍보를 강화해야 할 것이며 호스피스에 대한 정부차원의 표준화와 정책적 뒷받침이 시급할 것으로 보인다.

• 의료법학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-60
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• 2017

전통적인 법이론에 의하여 인간은 권리의 주체이기 때문에 인체로부터 유래한 생물학적 물질은 권리의 객체가 될 수 없다. 하지만 의학과 생명과학의 발전으로 인하여 인체로 부터 유래한 생물학적 물질은 다양한 용도로 사용되고 있으며 인체로부터 유래한 생물학적 물질의 객체성 여부와 소유권 인정 여부에 대한 논의는 지속적으로 제기되고 있다. 인체로부터 유래한 생물학적 물질을 법적으로 파악하는 이론은 전통적으로 자율성에 근거한 모델이었으며 현재도 그것이 가장 보편적으로 받아들여지고 있다. 하지만 자율성 모델에 의하여 인체로부터 유래한 생물학적 물질을 파악할 경우 인체로부터 유래한 생물학적 물질을 다루는 현실을 제대로 설명할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라 오히려 배분적 정의의 측면에서 볼 때 적절하지 못한 결론에 도달할 수도 있다는 의문이 제기되고 있다. 인체 유래 생물학적 물질을 소유권의 객체로 파악하려는 소유권 모델은 인간의 존엄과 가치에 반하는 이론 구성이라는 의혹을 받고 있다. 하지만 소유권은 단일한 권리가 아니며 다양한 권리들의 집합체이며 그 내용이 어떻게 구성될 것인가는 객체의 특성 등을 고려하여 판단하면 될 것으로 생각된다. 본 논문은 인체 유래 생물학적 물질의 소유권 전체 보다는 일단 사체로부터 유래한 물질의 소유권 인정 여부를 중점적으로 다루었다. 이를 통하여 인체 유래 생물학적 물질전반에 대한 법이론적 고찰이 현재의 과학적 사실에 적합한 형태로 이루어지기를 기대한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.582-590
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal properties of Taekwondo wears with three different materials. As a begging step, the questionnaire survey about the actual condition of Taekwondo wears was conducted. With the results of the questionnaire, cotton/nylon(70/30) blended fabric(CN) that was newly woven with sweat absorbent finishing and cotton/spandex(95/5) blended fabric with flexibility property were developed. The same designed 3 Taekwondo wears with 3 different materials which were two different materials(CN and CS) and a current material(cotton/PET, CP) were made. Four young males volunteered for this study, they kicked and punched as Taekwondo action for 20 minutes. Mean skin temperature was the highest in CS(33.1${\pm}$0.8$^{\circ}C$) and the lowest in CP(32.7${\pm}$0.6$^{\circ}C$). Increasing degree of rectal temperature didn't show any significant difference. Clothing microclimate temperature on the thigh was higher in CS(32.8${\pm}$17.4$^{\circ}C$) than in CN(29.4${\pm}$1.1$^{\circ}C$) and CP(29.4${\pm}$1.0$^{\circ}C$). Clothing microclimate temperature on the back and humidity on the thigh didn't show any significant differences. Clothing microclimate humidity on the back was higher in CP(65${\pm}$20%RH) than in CS(61${\pm}$17％RH). Heart rate, total body weight loss, and local sweating were not significantly different by materials. Most subject responded more hot in CN than in others, but there were no significant differences at the subjective sensation of thermal humidity. They answered more comfortable in CN than in others. Tectile sensations were the best in CN and the worst in CS. From those results, first of all, it is necessary to be weighted on Taekwondo wears made of CN in the aspects of the dignity of military arts uniform. Secondly, CS was required to be lighted and enhanced for the subjective sensation. Third, CP weaved honey comb was asked more various design to eliminate sweat high competition power within the scope of the dignity of military arts uniform.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.190-205
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• 1994

Respect for human life and respect for human dignity are two basic values to which organized nursing has urged its members to adhere in their service to mankind. Thus it is the nurses’ duty to provide health care in support of sustenance of life and to pay respect for the patient’s right to dignity. In practice, however, nurses may experience dilemmas between these duties much due to the de velopment of modern advanced techniques. These dilemmas have become more complex and difficult to resolve. Nurses are often faced with situations in which the terminally ill refuse professional care, posing serious conflicts between respect for human life and respect for human rights to self-determination. In such cases, resolution of the problem is not a simple matter, thus requires intensive study into the ethical questions related to the situation. The purpose of this study was to identify ethical problems that nurses experience in caring for terminally ill patients and explore the ways to the resolution of problems within the context of the situations. The methodology used for the study was a case study method which ‘New Casuistry’ proposed by Jonsen & Toulmin(1988) and the ‘Specified Principlism’ proposed by Degrazia(1992) as an alternative to old deductive and intuitive method. Cases were developed through semistructured indepth interviews according to the casutistry method. A total of seven nurses were interviewd who were caring for therminally ill patients. Four cases out of a total 14 cases were related to the topic. Through the case analysis it became evident that nurses appreciated other values more often than respect for the patient’s right to self-determination. These other values were convenience and efficiency in nursing practice in case 1, preservation of life above all other values in case 2, provision of nursing care to fulfill the nurse’s professional obligation at most in case 3, and respect for the family’s demand against the patient’s wish in case 4. This study showed that the most important ethical problems were conflict between respect for the patient’s right to self-determination and sustenance of life for the fulfillment of professional obligation. For this problem, benefit /burden analysis from the perspective of the patient and family for the promotion of patient’s wellbeing may be a way to resolve the conflict. Further, through these analysis it was shown that physicians’ and families’ opinions dominated in the decision - making and the opinions of nurses’ and patients’ tended not to be reflected. Thus the patient's right to his or her care was not readily respected. To solve this problem. nurses should make efforts to communicate reciprocally with their patients, family members and physicians in an effort to respect for their patient’s rights to life and diginity from the point of view and values of the patient. It is also important that nurses provide good basic nursing care up to the time of death regardless of decisions about providing or not aggressive treat-ment for chronically and terminally ill patients.