• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.211-218
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• 2005

As digital Information equipment is new arrival, new paradigm such as 'function exist but form don't' is needed in the field of design. Therefore, the activity of design is focused on the relationship of human and machine against visual form. For that reason, it is involved emotional factor in the relationship and studied on new field, the emotional interlace. The goal of this paper is to suggest the way of emotional interface on searching multimedia data. The main target of paper is effect sound and human's step and the main way of research is visualization after measuring and analyzing numerically similarity level among emotion-words. This paper suggests the theoretical bad(ground such as personal opinion, the character of auditory information and human's step and case studies on the emotion research. The experimental content about sound is fueled from my previous research and the main experimental content about human's step is made with regression-expression to substitute Quantification method 1 for value about stimulation. The realistic prototype to apply the research result will is suggested on the next research after studying the search environment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.346-355
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• 2020

The treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion in adolescents is challenging. Maxillary protraction, particularly that using bone anchorage, has been proven to be an effective method for the stimulation of maxillary growth. However, the conventional procedure, which involves the surgical implantation of mini-plates, is traumatic and associated with a high risk. Three-dimensional (3D) digital technology offers the possibility of individualized treatment. Customized mini-plates can be designed according to the shape of the maxillary surface and the positions of the roots on cone-beam computed tomography scans; this reduces both the surgical risk and patient trauma. Here we report a case involving a 12-year-old adolescent girl with skeletal Class III malocclusion and midface deficiency that was treated in two phases. In phase 1, rapid maxillary expansion and protraction were performed using 3D-printed mini-plates for anchorage. The mini-plates exhibited better adaptation to the bone contour, and titanium screw implantation was safer because of the customized design. The orthopedic force applied to each mini-plate was approximately 400-500 g, and the plates remained stable during the maxillary protraction process, which exhibited efficacious orthopedic effects and significantly improved the facial profile and esthetics. In phase 2, fixed appliances were used for alignment and leveling of the maxillary and mandibular dentitions. The complete two-phase treatment lasted for 24 months. After 48 months of retention, the treatment outcomes remained stable.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2003

Objective: Hapkok(L14) and Taechung(Liv3) are acupuncture points located on both sides of each foot and hand of the human body. These two points are called sakwan points. Matching these acupuncture points have a significant reason in pints of not only regulating the circulation of Yin-Yang as a source point of each meridian, but also playing a basic role of twelve meridian by controlling circulation of ki and blood in the whole body. There are already related documents and studies on stimulating sakwan points. Since those papers mostly studied on either hapkook or taechung, we came to have a doubt of stimulation the two point at the same time when an unbalance of Yin-Yang and ki-blood appears. Accordingly, we got to investigate how thermogram of body changes after applying an acupuncture on sakwan points. Our study is as follows ; Method : Our study was performed on 30 normal cases(M:F=17:13) with no past history to observe the effects of the acupuncture. We measured temperature of abdomen and the back of both hands by D.I.T.I(Digital infrared Thermographic Imaging) before and after acupuncture on sakwan points. Results and Conclusions: The thermographic change on abdomen was $0.51{\pm}0.71^{\circ}C$. Temperature of abdomen after acupuncture was higher than before acupuncture with high validity(p<0.01). And the thermographic changes on the back of both hands were right hand $0.54{\pm}1.17^{\circ}C$, left hand $0.56{\pm}1.28^{\circ}C$. Temperature on the back of both hands after acupuncture was higher than before acupuncture, but the difference between them had little validity(p<0.01). In addition, we found that it doesn't necessarily follow that the thermographic changes on abdomen and back of both hands after acupuncture on sakwan points happen concurrently.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2015

Objectives : Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common female gynecological diseases. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy have been used to treat dysmenorrhea in Korea. The aim of this review was to examine the effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for primary dysmenorrhea as described in studies in Korea. Methods : A total of 8 databases were searched, with the search concluding February 15, 2015. These were the Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, DBpia, Korean Studies Information Service System, National Digital Science Library, Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal, Research Information Sharing Service, and Pubmed. Randomized controlled Trails(RCTs) comparing acupuncture or moxibustion therapy with non acupoints stimulation or medication were selected. Data abstraction and assessment of methodology was conducted by authors and disagreements were resolved by discussion. Results : 7 trials were included in this review, with a total of 308 participants. 4 trials reported on acupuncture, 1 trial reported on acupress by magnet, 1 trial reported on pharmacopuncture, and the other trial reported on moxibustion. Quality of methodology was low. 2 trials showed that experimental therapy was effective for pain relief compared to the controlled group. However, 5 trials did not show a significant difference in pain relief. Conclusions : Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy may reduce period pain, however, it is needed for well designed RCTs in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the pain relief effect of moxibustion therapy in a patient with complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS). Methods : A male with type I CRPS, 48-year-old, who suffered from severe pain and paresthesia on his legs despite of treatments of oral medications and spinal cord stimulation was treated by indirect moxibustion following Korean medicine dianosis. Total 20 moxibustion treatments(once daily, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks) were given on the 4 acupoints(both side) where known to be effective fro the CRPS. Visual analogue scale(VAS), digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI), Beck depression index(BDI) were evaluated before and after the treatments. Pain relief, thermal changes on affected legs, and improvement of depression scale were observed after the treatments. Results : As for DITI, right thigh showed low temperature compared with left on before the treatments. While after the treatments, DITI showed similar temperature in both legs at discharge day. Conclusions : Though it is a case report, moxibustion therapy might have pain relief effect. Further rigorous case series and controlled trials are warranted.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 2023

Background: Occipital neuralgia (ON) is an established risk factor for headaches in the posterior cervical region. Several conservative treatments by nerve decompression and pain relief are available for ON, but these treatments have limitations. Acupuncture treatment, which is known to demonstrate analgesic effects, involves various stimulation methods, and several studies have reported their clinical benefit. No recent systematic review (SR) has compared each acupuncture type for ON treatment. Thus, this SR aims to investigate the clinical effectiveness of each acupuncture type for treating ON. Methods: We will identify relevant studies using electronic databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), Korean Medical Database, KoreaMed, and National Digital Science Library (NDSL) from the inception until August 2023. The primary outcome will include the numerical change of pain symptoms (visual analog scale and numerical rating scale) and effective rate. Safety and secondary outcomes will include adverse events and quality of life. We will compare the conservative treatment with the acupuncture treatment using network meta-analysis. The Cochrane Collaboration "risk of bias" tools will be used to assess the quality of included trials. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation will be used to examine the evidence level. Conclusion: This study will provide clinical evidence of several acupuncture types for ON and help clinicians decide on the best.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of whole-body vibration stimulation on proprioception and tactile in patients with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: This study was conducted on 9 children diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy. Of the single case study methods, the ABAB design was employed in this study. Out of a 12-week study period, three weeks were allocated to each of two baseline periods and two intervention periods. The exercise was performed twice a week for 30 minutes. A general trunk stabilization exercise was performed during the baseline period and a trunk stabilization exercise accompanied with whole-body vibration was performed during the intervention period. Evaluation was performed five times in total: before the experiment, after baseline 1, after intervention 1, after baseline 2, and after intervention 2. To determine the effect of the exercise method, a skin sensory evaluation tool (monofilament kit) and a trunk proprioception sensor (digital dual inclinometer) were used. To compare the effects of the exercises at baseline and after intervention, an analysis of variance on repeated measures (repeated ANOVA) was performed to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there were statistically significant increases from baseline in the means of proprioception and tactile during the intervention period with whole-body vibration (p <.05). Conclusion: Whole-body vibration can be proposed as an effective intervention method for improving the proprioception and tactile in children with spastic cerebral palsy, and this exercise method is expected to be actively used in clinical practice.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.301-317
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• 2016

Flexible display interface is capable of creating new user behaviors based on its characteristics of outstanding surface representation and display transformations such as bending, rolling, and folding. Thus, it is being discussed that the newly emerging flexible display interface can offer a different user experience that the previous flat display couldn't. However, as it is hard to find studies that identify the general attributes of user experience in the area of flexible display research, this study was intended to identify and label experience that users expect in a flexible display interface. For this purpose, this study first investigated literature reviews about user experience in previous digital media interface and flexible display interface and conducted interview research in order to reflect the users' perception, collecting 52 items that represent user experience. In addition, these items were used as measurements to deduct different types of user experience, and 308 interviewees participated in the interview research process. As a result, 10 types of user experience were developed from the results of the survey: functionality, understandability, pleasure, convenience, familiarity, stimulation, adaptability, collectivity, reality, and aesthetic.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.82-100
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• 2015

Mobile fashion apps present much opportunity for marketers to engage consumers, however not all apps provide enough functions for their targeted audience. This study aims to determine how mobile fashion apps can be used to build brand community with consumer engagement. Qualitative data on fashion mobile apps were collected from the Apple app store and Android market during the spring and summer of 2015. A total of 110 fashion mobile apps were collected;, 50 apps were identified as apparel brands that either manufacture or sell apparel to consumers, which we categorized as "brand" fashion apps, and the remaining 60 were categorized as "non-brand" fashion apps. The result of the study can be summarized as below. The 60 non-brand fashion apps were grouped into 5 app types: shopping, searching, sharing, organizational, and informational. The main functions are for informational use and shopping needs, since at least half (31 apps) are used for either retrieving information or for shopping. However, in contrast, social networking and location were infrequent and not commonly utilized by these apps. The most common type of non-brand fashion apps available were shopping apps;, many shopping apps enable users to shop from several different websites and save their items into one universal shopping cart so that they only check out once. Most of these apps are informational and help consumers make more informed decisions on purchases;, in addition many offer location services to help consumers find these items in store. While these apps perform several functions, they do not link to social media. The 50 brand apps were grouped into 5 brand types: athletic, casual, fast fashion, luxury, and retailer. These apps were also checked for attributes to determine their functionality. The result shows that the main functions of brand fashion apps are for information (82% of the 50 apps) as well as location searching (72% of 50 apps). Conversely, these apps do not offer any photo sharing, and very few have organizational or community functions. Fashion mobile apps and m-marketing elements: To build brand community, mobile apps can be designed to motivate consumer's engagement with brands. The motivations of fashion mobile apps are useful in developing fashion mobile apps. Entertainment motives can be fulfilled with multimedia attributes, functionality motives are satisfied with organizational and location-based features, information motives with informational service, socialization with community and social network, learning and intellectual stimulation from informational attributes, and trend following through photo sharing. The 8 key attributes of mobile apps can correspond to the 4 m-marketing elements (i.e., Informative content, multimedia, interactions, and product promotions) that are further intertwined with m-branding elements. App Attributes and M-Marketing aim to Build Brand Community;, the eight key attributes can impact on 4 m-branding elements, which further contribute to building brand community by affecting consumers' perceptions of brands preference and advocacy, and their likelihood to be loyal.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 1999

We reported that acupuncture on $LI_4$ effected thermal change on $LI_4$ and ST25 area, And this study was performed on 100 healthy students to observe the effects of acupuncture at Hap-kok ($LI_4$) according to the meridian and qi-xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory, The results was 1. In healthy man, mean skin temperatures of $LI_4$, ST25, CV12 areas(Control) were decreased, 2. In left $LI_4$ acupuncture group, the temperature of abdominal skin and $LI_4$ area had the tendency of increase, both right and left $LI_4$ acupuncture group, the temperature of abdominal skin and $LI_4$ area had not significant tendency. 3. In the research of thermal difference which eliminate a special region temperature, in the control group, the thermal changes had not significant tendency, in the left $LI_4$ acupuncture group and both right and left $LI_4$ acupuncture group, the thermal changes had tendency to be increased, 4. In the deviation analysis which mean of each group is excluded, in the control group, it turned out that deviation is regular for 10 minutes; in the left $LI_4$ acupuncture group and both right and left $LI_4$ acupuncture group, it turned out that deviation is more larger than the control group for 10 minutes. The above results indicates that Digital Thermography is a useful method to observe effects and changes by acupuncture stimulation on objective evaluation of phenomenon for the meridian system. Thus, acupuncture on $LI_4$ affects to thermal changes of the abdominal skin and $LI_4$ area, but exact examination of thermal changes on abdominal skin will have to be done.