• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2018

Land surface temperature is known to be an important factor in understanding the interactions of the ground-atmosphere. However, because of the large spatio-temporal variability, regular observation is rarely made. The existing land surface temperature is observed using satellite images, but due to the nature of satellite, it has the limit of long revisit period and low accuracy. In this study, in order to confirm the possibility of replacing land surface temperature observation using satellite imagery, images acquired by TIR (Thermal Infrared) sensor mounted on UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) are used. The acquired images were transformed from JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) to TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) format and orthophoto was then generated. The DN (Digital Number) value of orthophoto was used to calculate the actual land surface temperature. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the calculated land surface temperature, the land surface temperature was compared with the land surface temperature directly observed with an infrared thermometer at the same time. When comparing the observed land surface temperatures in two ways, the accuracy of all the land covers was below the measure accuracy of the TIR sensor. Therefore, the possibility of replacing the satellite image, which is a conventional land surface temperature observation method, is confirmed by using the TIR sensor mounted on UAV.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2012

Recently, medical equipments are developed and used for diagnosis or studies. In addition, demand of techniques which automatically deal with three dimensional medical images obtained from the medical equipments is growing. One of the techniques is automatic bone segmentation which is expected to enhance the diagnosis efficiency of osteoporosis, fracture, and other bone diseases. Although various researches have been proposed to solve it, they are unable to be used in practice since a size of the medical data is large and there are many low contrast boundaries with other tissues. In this paper, we present a fast and accurate automatic framework for bone segmentation based on multi-resolutions. On a low resolution step, a position of the bone is roughly detected using constrained branch and mincut which find the optimal template from the training set. Then, the segmentation and the registration are iteratively conducted on the multiple resolutions. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we make an experiment with femur and tibia from 50 test knee magnetic resonance images using 100 training set. The proposed method outperformed the constrained branch and mincut in aspect of segmentation accuracy and implementation time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.329-329
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• 2007

Photoconductive poly crystalline lead oxide coated on amorphous thin film transistor (TFT) arrays is the best candidate for direct digital x-ray detector for medical imaging. Thicker films with lessening density often show lower x-ray induced charge generation and collection becomes less efficient. In this work, we present a new methodology used for the high density deposition of PbO. We investigate the structural properties of the films using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy experiments. The film coatings of approximately $200\;{\mu}m$ thickness were deposited on $2"{\times}2"$ conductive-coated glass substrates for measurements of dark current and x-ray sensitivity. The lead oxide (PbO) films of $200\;{\mu}m$ thickness were deposited on glass substrates using a wet coating process in room temperature. The influence of post-deposition annealing on the characteristics of the lead oxide films was investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy have been employed to obtain information on the morphology and crystallization of the films. Also we measured dark current, x-ray sensitivity and linearity for investigation of the electrical characteristics of films. It was found that the annealing conditions strongly affect the electrical properties of the films. The x-ray induced output charges of films annealed in oxygen gas increases dramatically with increasing annealing temperatures up to $500^{\circ}C$ but then drops for higher temperature anneals. Consequently, the more we increase the annealing temperatures, the better density and film quality of the lead oxide. Analysis of this data suggests that incorporation and decomposition reactions of oxygen can be controlled to change the detection properties of the lead oxide film significantly. Post-deposition thermal annealing is also used for densely film. The PbO films that are grown by new methodology exhibit good morphology of high density structure and provide less than $10\;pA/mm^2$ dark currents as they show saturation in gain (at approximate fields of $4\;V/{\mu}m$). The ability to operate at low voltage gives adequate dark currents for most applications and allows voltage electronics designs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.4_1
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• pp.319-326
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• 2014

The accurate geo-referencing processes that apply ground control points is prerequisite for effective end use of HRSI (High-resolution satellite imagery). Since the conventional control point acquisition by human operator takes long time, demands for the automated matching to existing reference data has been increasing its popularity. Among many options of reference data, the airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data shows high potential due to its high spatial resolution and vertical accuracy. Additionally, it is in the form of 3-dimensional point cloud free from the relief displacement. Recently, a new matching method between LiDAR data and HRSI was proposed that is based on the image projection of whole LiDAR data into HRSI domain, however, importing and processing the large amount of LiDAR data considered as time-consuming. Therefore, we wmotivated to ere propose a local LiDAR chip generation for the HRSI geo-referencing. In the procedure, a LiDAR point cloud was rasterized into an ortho image with the digital elevation model. After then, we selected local areas, which of containing meaningful amount of edge information to create LiDAR chips of small data size. We tested the LiDAR chips for fully-automated geo-referencing with Kompsat-2 and Kompsat-3 data. Finally, the experimental results showed one-pixel level of mean accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2002

This paper demonstrates a regional analysis of landslide occurrence potential by applying geographic information system to the Kumi City selected as a pilot study area. The estimate criteria related to natural and humane environmental factors which affect landslides were first established. A slope map and a aspect map were extracted from DEM, which was generated from the contour layers of digital topographic maps, and a NDVI vegetation map and a land cover map were obtained through satellite image processing. After the spatial database was constructed, indexes of landslide occurrence potential were computed and then a few landslide-potential areas were extracted by an overlay method. It was ascertained that there are high landslide-potential at areas of about 30% incline, aspects including either south or east at least, adjacent to water areas or pointed end of the water system, in or near fault zones, covered with medium vegetable. For more synthetic and accurate analysis, soil data, forest data, underground water level data, meteorological data and so on should be added to the spatial database.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.716-723
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• 2008

With rapid development of science and technology and recent widening of mankind's range of activities, development of coastal waters and the environment have emerged as global issues. In relation to this, to allow more extensive analyses, the use of satellite images has been on the increase. This study aims at utilizing hyperspectral satellite images in determining the depth of coastal waters more efficiently. For this purpose, a partial image of the research subject was first extracted from an EO-1 Hyperion satellite image, and atmospheric and geometric corrections were made. Minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation was then performed to compress the bands, and the band most suitable for analyzing the characteristics of the water body was selected. Within the chosen band, the diffuse attenuation coefficient Kd was determined. By deciding the end-member of pixels with pure spectral properties and conducting mapping based on the linear spectral unmixing method, the depth of water at the coastal area in question was ultimately determined. The research findings showed the calculated depth of water differed by an average of 1.2 m from that given on the digital sea map; the errors grew larger when the water to be measured was deeper. If accuracy in atmospheric correction, end-member determination, and Kd calculation is enhanced in the future, it will likely be possible to determine water depths more economically and efficiently.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 1999

Remote sensing technique has offered better understanding of our environment for the decades by providing useful level of information on the landcover. In many applications using the remotely sensed data, digital image processing methodology has been usefully employed to characterize the features in the data and develop the models. Random field models, especially Markov Random Field (MRF) models exploiting spatial relationships, are successfully utilized in many problems such as texture modeling, region labeling and so on. Usually, remotely sensed imagery are very large in nature and the data increase greatly in the problem requiring temporal data over time period. The time required to process increasing larger images is not linear. In this study, the methodology to reduce the computational cost is investigated in the utilization of the Markov Random Field. For this, multiresolution framework is explored which provides convenient and efficient structures for the transition between the local and global features. The computational requirements for parameter estimation of the MRF model also become excessive as image size increases. A Bayesian approach is investigated as an alternative estimation method to reduce the computational burden in estimation of the parameters of large images.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.289-296
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• 2019

In the era of M-ICT (mobile information communication technology), it is becoming more and more important to establish a city brand image that is "user-centered" and creates a new experience of "interaction between people, people and things, and people and space". The experience of city users on the brand image of a city is the key factor to determine the competitiveness of the city, among which the user's research on the touch point of the city brand is particularly important. The purpose of this study is to enhance the user's brand experience and enhance the city's brand competitiveness. The research methods of this paper are literature review and investigation. Firstly, the background and purpose of the study are expounded, then the characteristics and ways of user experience touch points are defined through the document review, and the multi-latitude composition model of city brand touch points is proposed. By means of user investigation, the structural characteristics of high frequency touch points between digital touch points and physical touch points are obtained. According to the problems found in the investigation, the optimal design strategy of touch point is put forward in combination with the case. The innovation of this study is to study the relationship between the city brand and the touch point of user experience from the perspective of user experience, and propose a multi-latitude model of the touch point of city brand.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.69-85
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• 2021

In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, not only artificial intelligence, big data, robots, and biotechnology, but also cultural industries that require human creativity will lead. Among the cultural industries, the animation industry has high industrial utilization value due to its high connection with other industries. Among them, animation characters play the most important role as the subject leading the story of animation. In particular, the villain character not only serves as a medium for the main character to lead the story, but also captivates the audience with a different presence from the main character, adding to the fun and completeness of the animation. These characters consist of visual elements such as form and color, of which color is a tool that effectively conveys the character's personality and role to the audience, and is the first visual element to be considered in delicately describing the character's emotions and the relationship between characters. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the color of the villain character. To this end, we will select eight Disney animations to derive the characteristics of the villain character's color by analyzing the color, value, chroma, and color association of the colors used in the Disney villain character. As a result of the analysis, the colors mainly used by Disney to convey the villain's image were red (R) and Orange (YR), and there was no difference depending on the times or animation production methods. Second, the brightness of Disney villain characters appeared to be the same medium/famous regardless of the times and production methods, and the frequency of use of high brightness was very low. In terms of saturation, the frequency of use of high and low saturation was high. Third, blackish (Bk), Strong (S), dull (Dl), and deep (Dp) tones were mainly used for tones. In particular, in recent 3D animations than previously produced 2D animations, the use of low chroma and the high black mixing rate increased. Fourth, it can be seen that Disney uses color as a visual method to more clearly express the psychology of the villain character using color association. In conclusion, the color selection of animation characters should be carefully considered as a tool to convey the character's personality, role, and emotion beyond simply using color, and the color selection of characters using color associations and symbols strengthens the narrative structure. It is hoped that this study will help analyze and select the character color of animation.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.491-504
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• 2021

Gwanghwamun Gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace was dismantled and relocated during the Japanese colonial period, destroyed during the Korean War, reconstructed with reinforced concrete in 1968, and finally erected at its present location in 2010. A pair of Haechi statues located in front of Gwanghwamun was dismantled and relocated several times, and the statues have yet to be returned precisely to their original positions. This study assesses the historical accuracy of their current placement under the Gwanghwamun Square Restructuring Project of the Seoul Metropolitan Government and the Cultural Heritage Administration based on archival photos from the early 1900s, and proposes a method to estimate the original positions of the Haechi through image analysis of contemporary photographs and recent digital camera photos. We estimated the original position of the Haechi before the Japanese colonial period by identifying the shooting location of the archival photo and reproducing contemporary photographs by calculating the angle and distance to the Haechi from the shooting location. The leftmost and rightmost Haechi were originally located about 9.6 m to the east and 7.4 m to the north and about 1.9 m to the west and 8.0 m to the north, respectively, of their current location indicators. As the first attempt to determine the original location of a building and its accessories using archival photos, this study launches a new scientific methodology for the restoration of cultural properties.