• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.297-309
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• 2016

Around the world, fermentation of foods has been adopted over many generations, primarily due to their commercial significance with enriched flavors and high-profile nutrients. The increasing application of fermented foods is further promoted by recent evidence on their health benefits, beyond the traditionally recognized effects on the digestive system. With recent advances in the understanding of gut-brain interactions, there have also been reports suggesting the fermented food's efficacy, particularly for cognitive function improvements. These results are strengthened by the proposed biological effects of fermented foods, including neuroprotection against neurotoxicity and reactive oxygen species. This paper reviews the beneficial health effects of fermented foods with particular emphasis on cognitive enhancement and neuroprotective effects. With an extensive review of fermented foods and their potential cognitive benefits, this paper may promote commercially feasible applications of fermented foods as natural remedies to cognitive problems.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 1978

Carcinoembryonic antigen was initially known as tumor specific antigen and had a potential diagnostic value in the detection of digestive tract malignancies. However, subsequent studies showed CEA and CEA-like antigen present in benign disease, particullary in liver. We had collected sera from 58 patients who had liver scan and later were diagnosed clinically and histologically as liver disease. We estimated CEA values and correlations were made with liver function tests in liver cirrhosis cases. The results: 1) The raised plasma carcinoembryonic antigen level were found in 13 (68.4%) of 19 patients in liver cirrhosis, 5(27.8%) of 18 patients in hepatoma, 5(71. %) of 7 patients in chronic active hepatitis, all 3 patients in liver abscesses, 2(66.7%) of 3 patients in liver ablscesses, 2(66.7%) of 3 patients in obstructive biliary disease and none in each one patient of traumatic liver hematoma, subphrenic abscess and clonorchiasis. 2) There is no linear correlation between carcinoembryodic antigen level and liver function tests including serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and prothrombin time in liver cirrhosis patients.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 2017

monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), composed of 88% L-glutamic acid (GLU) and 12% Na, is considered as Generally Recognized as Safe. GLU is accounting for 15% of the total amino acid content in our body. Daily GLU intake is large 3.5-10.6 g from food and 1.3 g from food additive. The daily formed GLU in the body, via degradation of the total protein, is 48-50 g (70 kg of male) and the maintained GLU in the body is total bound GLU (1.4-2.0 kg) and free GLU (10 g). About 88% GLU are consumed at digestive tract, and only 12% GLU enter the blood stream. GLU is generally known to precursors of N-acetyl glutamate and glutamine, substrates for protein synthesis, a neurotransmitter (GABA), and the active site of the enzyme. In addition to protein synthesis, GLU has these key functions within the body, thus this amino acid is critical for healthy body maintenance and function.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2022

The fruit of the Crataegus pinnatifida bunge has been known to have a role as a digestive stimulant, and is used for postpartum abdominal pain and women's menstrual pain. It is used for coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, retinoids, alpha-hydroxy acids, kojic acid, azelaic acid have been used for cosmetic whitening and medical depigmentation. To determine whether Crataegus pinnatifida bunge fruit also has whitening and depigmentation effect, tyrosinase inhibition assay was performed with American Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge ethanol extracts, Korean Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (Cra) ethanol extracts and Arbutin as a positive control as previously described by Korean FDA guideline. Korean Cra fruit ethanol extracts were 1.87 fold more inhibitory function to tyrosinase activity than American Cra in the experimental condition that inhibitory function to tyrosinase activity of Korean Cra Arbutin is 81.8% when compared to that of the standard control Arbutin as 100%. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida bunge have significant whitening effects and may provide the basis for development of cosmetic whitening agent and medical depigmentation applications.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.205-214
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• 2005

Background: We examined global gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with ulcerative colitis (DC), and tested whether the identified genes with the altered expression might be associated with susceptibility to UC. Methods: PBMCs from 8 UC and 8 normal healthy (NH) volunteers were collected, and total RNAs were subjected to the human 8.0K cDNA chip for the micro array analysis. Real time-PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to verify the results of micro array. One hundred forty UC patients and 300 NH controls were recruited for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Results: Twenty-five immune function-related genes with over 2-fold expression were identified. Of these genes, two chemokines, namely, CXCL1 and CCL20, were selected because of their potential importance in the evocation of host innate and adaptive immunity. Four SNPs were identified in the promoter and coding regions of CXCL1, while there was no significant difference between all patients with UC and controls in their polymorphisms, except minor association at g.57A>G (rs2071425, p=0.02). On the other hand, among three novel and one known SNPs identified in the promoter region of CCL20, g. -1,706 G>A (p=0.000000055), g. -1,458 G>A (p=0.0048), and g. -962C>A (p=0.0006) were found to be significantly associated with the susceptibility of Uc. Conclusion: Altered gene expression in mononuclear cells may contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Although the findings need to be confirmed in other populations with larger numbers of patients, the current results demonstrated that polymorphisms in the promoter region of CCL20 are positively associated with the development of Uc.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 2000

Melatonin plasma in Swallows exhibited circadian rhythmical secretions in the LD (Light and dark, 12：12) period with and without feeding. But their average difference between at CT6 (Circadian Time) and CT18 was 3.53 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ in LD period with feeding. on the other side 1.60 ng/$m\ell$ during without feeding. Melatonin concentration at CT6 without feeding incresed from 0.22 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ to 0.93 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$. It is demonstrated that decresing melatonin secretion may reduce digestive function in order to ready for the migration. While the birds with feeding exhibited circadian rhythmical activity, their activity without feeding was durable. The concentrations of melatonin plasma by refeeding were 1.53 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ at CT6 and 6.07 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ at CT18. Melatonin plasma concentration in the night increased by more than ca. quadruple at day. This results suggest that melatonin regulates metabolism for the return to the normal metabolism condition after migration. After 3 days refeeding melatonin was secreted circadian rhythmically same as the secretions with feeding at beginning.

• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.13
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• 2014

Epilepsy has now become the most serious brain disorder. A number of synthetic antiepileptic drugs are available in practice, however their effectiveness does not grip true with the entire population suffering from epilepsy. Traditional systems of medicine are popular in developing countries and most of the population relies on traditional medicines for their primary health care need. Medicinal plants to be an important source of traditional medicines. Various plants are used for the treatment of epilepsy in traditional system of medicines and various plants are yet to be scientifically investigated. Phyto-constituents have been the basis of treatment of human diseases including epilepsy. Herbal products are extensively used for the treatment of many diseases worldwide and where allopathic fails or has severe side effects. Psycho neural drugs are also have very serious side effects like physical dependence, tolerance, deterioration of cognitive function and effect on respiratory, digestive and immune system. So the treatments through herbal medicines are widely used across the world due to their wide applicability and therapeutic efficacy with least side effects, which in turn has accelerated the research regarding natural therapy. In this review we have summarized some herbal anti-epileptics.

• CELLMED
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.27.1-27.13
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• 2013

Epilepsy has now become the most serious brain disorder. A number of synthetic antiepileptic drugs are available in practice, however their effectiveness does not grip true with the entire population suffering from epilepsy. Traditional systems of medicine are popular in developing countries and most of the population relies on traditional medicines for their primary health care need. Medicinal plants to be an important source of traditional medicines. Various plants are used for the treatment of epilepsy in traditional system of medicines and various plants are yet to be scientifically investigated. Phytoconstituents have been the basis of treatment of human diseases including epilepsy. Herbal products are extensively used for the treatment of many diseases worldwide and where allopathic fails or has severe side effects. Psycho neural drugs are also have very serious side effects like physical dependence, tolerance, deterioration of cognitive function and effect on respiratory, digestive and immune system. So the treatments through herbal medicines are widely used across the world due to their wide applicability and therapeutic efficacy with least side effects, which in turn has accelerated the research regarding natural therapy. In this review we have summarized some herbal antiepileptics.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2008

Objective : To make comprehensive feature of previous researches on moxibustion, then build a basis of strategy for development of moxibustion-derived therapeutics. Methods : Surveyed 326 abstraction-containing literatures from total 467 of moxibustion-related papers in PubMed and 29 papers in Korea. Analysis was performed according to distribution by study subject, number by year, nation, research method, and its efficacy. Results : Moxibustion-related researches have been rapidly increased since 2001. The main contributive country for moxibustion research was China whileas few researches was done by Korea. The main subjects of moxibustion research are associated with immunity, inflammation, neurosystem, and digestive function. The most therapeutic roles of moxibustion were on pain control, modulation of immunity, anti-fatigue and anti-stress. Conclusion : This study will help Korean Oriental medical doctors to systematically review the moxibustion researches, and to develop more competitive therapeutics using moxibustion in global CAM field.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2013

MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulations are associated with various types of human cancers, and miRNAs can function as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Emerging evidence has shown that miRNA pathway is also altered during colorectal tumorigenesis. The detection of cancer-related miRNAs in stool samples may become useful diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer, because miRNAs in stool samples has high stability, and maintains a high portion of its original level. Recent studies reported that stool-based miRNAs can offer more sensitivity and specificity than currently used stool-based screening methods for CRC. In addition, unlike fecal occult blood test, sampling on consecutive dates and special dietary restrictions are not required. In this review, the authors discuss stool-based miRNA for the early diagnosis of CRC and perspectives on future application.