• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1235-1243
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• 2015

황흑산은 동의보감의 복강과 장옹의 처방을 위해 기록된 처방전으로 오랫동안 사용되어 왔으나, 항암 효능에 대한 구체적인 연구는 전혀 이루어진 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 AGS 인체 위암세포를 대상으로 황흑산 처리에 의한 증식억제와 연관된 apoptosis 유발 및 관련 기전 연구를 수행하였다. AGS 위암세포에 황흑산 추출물을 처리함에 처리 농도 의존적으로 증식이 억제되었으며, 이는 apoptosis 유발과 연관성이 있음을 핵의 형태적 변형과 sub-G1기 세포의 축적 등으로 확인하였다. 황흑산 추출물에 의한 apoptosis 유도에는 pro-apoptotic Bax 단백질의 발현 증가와 anti-apoptotic Bcl-2의 발현 감소 및 미토콘드리아에서 세포질로의 cytochrome c 유리와 연관성이 있었으며, 세포 내 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)의 축적을 증가시켰다. 또한 황흑산 추출물에 의한 apoptosis 유발은 caspases (caspase-3, -8 및 -9)의 활성을 증가시켰으며, poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase 단백질의 단편화를 초래하였다. 그러나 ROS scavenger 및 pan-caspases inhibitor는 황흑산 추출물에 의한 apoptosis의 유발을 거의 완벽하게 억제하였으며, 암세포의 증식억제도 차단하였다. 이상의 결과는 황흑산 추출물에 의한 apoptosis가 ROS 생성 및 caspase 활성 의존적으로 일어남을 의미하는 것으로 황흑산의 항암기전 해석을 이해하고 향후 지속적인 연구를 위한 유용한 자료로 사용될 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2010

In order to improve the availability of phytase and probiotics together, a phytase gene from Aspergillus ficuum has been expressed in Lactobacillus. In this study, the transformed Lactobacillus with phytase gene was fed to pigs to determine its effect on pig production, feed conversion and gut microbes. Forty eight, 60-day-old, castrated pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Pietrain) were assigned to 6 groups, 8 pigs for each group. Group 1 was the control, group 2 was added with chlortetracycline (500 mg/kg), group 3 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of calcium monohydrogen phosphate (CMP, $CaHPO_{4}$) removed, group 4 was added with the natural Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 5 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 6 was added with phytase (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed. The results showed: i) the average daily gain (ADG) was improved in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p<0.05); ii) the diarrhea rates in the groups added with Lactobacillus were lower than in the other groups (p<0.05), in which the transformed Lactobacillus had more effect on reducing digestive disease; iii) the transformed Lactobacillus was most effective in improving the digestibilities of crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), compared with the other groups (p<0.05); iv) Lactobacillus could increase lactic acid bacterium number and ammonia concentrations, and decrease pH values and E. coli number in pig feces (p<0.05); v) the phytase activity in the feces of pigs fed with the transformed Lactobacillus was 133.32 U/g, which was higher than in group 4 (9.58 U/g, p<0.05), and was almost the same as group 6 (135.94 U/g); vi) the transformed Lactobacillus could increase serum concentrations of IgA, triglyceride, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (p<0.05), and had no significant effect on other serum indexes (p>0.05).

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2004

The following are the conclusions obtained by the philological study of the prescriptions introduced in Dongeuybogam such as Pyungwuisan, Pyungwuisan-added prescriptions, Pyungwuisan blended prescriptions: 1. Pyungwuisan and drugs based on Pyungwuisan were prescribed for stomach diseases, food poisoning, indigestion, impaired spleen, symptoms developed by dampness, diseases caused by changing water, diarrhea, edema, malignant malaria, an intestinal convulsion, blood in excrement, malaria, abortion, sparrow eye. 2. Dual prescriptions using Pyungwuisan and other independent prescriptions were applied to internal diseases concerning digestion, diarrhea and dysentery, abscess, intestinal swelling jaundice, symptoms developed by dampness, malaria, vomit, etc. 3. Etiological factors and diseases for which Pyungwuisan and medicines based on Pyungwuisan, dual prescriptions using Pyungwuisan were prescribed, were surveyed to include indigestion, weak spleen and stomach, drying dampness of spleen and stomach, dysfunctioning gall bladder, infection, damaged internals, external sensitiveness and internal damage, hypochondria, chilliness due to lack of chi. 4. A prescription for each disease needed specially added medicines to Pyungwuisan as the following: 1) For indigestion and dyspepsia, Pyungwuisan were prescribed with optional addition of Hoisaengsan, Sagunjatang, Ryukgunjatang, Ijintang, Sosihotang, etc., according to the symptoms, and were most frequently used with aromatic and digestive medicines such as mawwa medivata fermentata, malt, natgrass galingale rhizome, vilous amomum fruit, aucklandia root, round cardamom seed etc. 2) For diseases originated from damage by coldness, Pyungwuisan was taken with suitable amount of Jichulhwan, Hyangsosan, Hyangyusan, according to the symptoms. 3) For diarrhea and dysentery, Pyungwuisan were prescribed with the recipes of Oryeongsan, Sambaektang, Ijintang. 4) For jaundice, prescriptions always included natgrass galingale rhizome in the recipe of Pyungwuisan. 5) For malaria, mostly added prescriptions to Pyungwuisan were Sagunjatang, Ryukgunjatang, Ijintang, with usual addition of antifebrile dichroa root, tsaoko, green tangerine orange peel. 6) Pyungwuisan was prescribed with Hoisaengsan for vomit, with Oryeongsan for edema, and with kinds of Ueolgukhwan for hypochondria.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10949-10955
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• 2015

Liver cancer is one of leading digestive malignancies with high morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need for the development of novel therapies for this deadly disease. It has been proven that asparagus polysaccharide, one of the most active derivates from the traditional medicine asparagus, possesses notable antitumor properties. However, little is known about the efficacy of asparagus polysaccharide as an adjuvant for liver cancer chemotherapy. Herein, we reported that asparagus polysaccharide and its embolic agent form, asparagus gum, significantly inhibited liver tumor growth with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy in an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor model, while significantly inhibiting angiogenesis and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. Moreover, asparagine gelatinous possessed immunomodulatory functions and showed little toxicity to the host. These results highlight the chemotherapeutic potential of asparagus polysaccharide and warrant a future focus on development as novel chemotherapeutic agent for liver cancer TACE therapy.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.284-292
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• 2016

Objectives: This study compared the differences of postmenopausal women's bone mineral density in relation to the degree of obesity, metabolism index and dietary factors that affect bone mineral density. Methods: The subjects included in the study are 39 postmenopausal women of normal weight with body mass index less than $25kg/m^2$ and 32 postmenopausal who are obese. Anthropometry and biochemical analysis were performed and nutrient intakes and DQI-I were assessed. Results: Normal weight women were $56.03{\pm}3.76years$ old and obese women were $58.09{\pm}5.13years$ old and there was no significant difference in age between the two groups. The T-score of bone mineral density was $0.03{\pm}1.06$ in normal weight women and $-0.60{\pm}1.47$ in obese women and this was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05). Blood Leptin concentration was significantly lower in normal weight women ($6.09{\pm}3.37ng/mL$) compared to obese women in ($9.01{\pm}4.99ng/mL$) (p<0.05). The total score of diet quality index-international was $70.41{\pm}9.34$ in normal weight women and $64.93{\pm}7.82$ in obese women (p<0.05). T-score of bone mineral density showed negative correlations with percentage of body fat (r = -0.233, p=0.05), BMI (r = -0.197, p=0.017), triglyceride (r = -0.281, p=0.020) and leptin (r = -0.308, p=0.011). The results of multiple regression analysis performed as the method of entry showed that with 22.0% of explanation power, percentage of body fat (${\beta}=-0.048$, p<0.05), triglyceride (${\beta}=-0.005$, p<0.05) and HDL-cholesterol (${\beta}=0.034$, p<0.01), moderation of DQI-I (${\beta}=-0.231$, p<0.05) affected T-score significantly. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that obese women have less bone density than those with normal weight women. In addition, the factor analysis result that affect bone mineral density showed that intake of fat is a very important factor. Therefore, postmenopausal women need to maintain normal weight and manage blood lipid levels within normal range. They also need to take various sources of protein and reduce consumption of empty calorie foods that have high calories, fat, cholesterol and sodium.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2008

Objectives : Moxibustion therapy is one of the most popular oriental treatments in Korea. In this study, we operate the in-depth interview for use of moxibustion therapy in Korea. Methods : Survey questions were developed based on consensus of acupuncture professors. The list of the Korean medical doctors with experiences more than 10 years is provided by the Association of the Korean Oriental Medicine. The in-depth interview was conducted in 30 Korean medical doctors who answered in the previous telephone survey that they use moxibustion therapy for more than 30 % of patients everyday. Interview survey with them were conducted by the well-trained interviewers of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine in medical researcher from 22th May to 28th June 2007. Results : Korean medical doctors prefer to use the moxibustion with moxa stick (83.9%). The most common treatment disease was musculo-skeletal disorder (28.9%), gynecology (14.1%), digestive disorder (28.6%). The most common treatment area was the abdomen (35.3%), back (22.5%), lower extremity (15.8%) and upper extremity (16.9%). Indirect moxibustion’s was as frequent as 73.5% of moxibustion method. The most common instrument for treating was mini-moxa of manufactured goods (39.3%). Most Korean medical doctors (48.8%) took up the position that bring symptom relief following good treatment area. 'High preferences of patients' (32.7%) was one of moxibustion strong points but 'Lots of smell and smoke' (54.7%)' was a weak points. The most common side effects was the 'slight burn' (34.9%), 'skin rash' (22.5%), 'skin pruritus' (23.8%) Conclusions : This survey provides unique insight into the perception of the Korea medical doctor at moxibustion therapy. Future research needs to provide more in-depth insight into doctor views of the experience.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.748-758
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• 1998

The Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDAs, Nutrient standards), dietary guidelines, and food guides, each define aspects for a healthy diet in different ways. The RDA and food guide for Koreans were first established in 1962 by the Food and Nutrition Committee of the Korea FAO Association. The committee released the RDA and suggested ways to intake the recommended nutrients. Every five years, the committee has added more data and released revisions. The latest edition of the RDA is the 6th revision. In the beginning, the concept of basic food groups was emphasized as basic data for planning means based on RDA. In the 5th revision, the basic food groups and dietary guideline for public health from the Ministry of Health and Welfairs(December, 1990) suggests that, 1) Eat a variety of foods with a recommended fat intake equaling or less than 20% of total calories ; 2) Maintain ideal body weight and prevent obesity ; 3) Eat foods low in salt. Salt intake should not exceed 10g ; 4) Do not drink too much ; 5) Eat regularly and enjoy meals. After these guidelines were established, the first nutritonal education efforts guidelines were developed in 1984. Despite broad possibilities for application, they had limited use, mainly as a nutritional assessment and food balance sheet preparation. They were not well utilized in public nutritional education and nutritonal policy through the media because of the weakness of the government's food and nutriton policy. Also a lack of administrative support and dietitians in the health department and administrative organizations was partly to blame. In regard to public health and nutrition status, life expectancy has increased 10 years since the 70's and the elderly population increased threefold in 1995 compared to 1960. The common causes of death in 1996 by 19 Chapters classification, were first disease of the circulatory system ; the second, neoplasms ; the third, external causes fo mortality ; the forth, diseases of the digestive system ; and the fifth, respiratory system diseases, In food intake, grain and complex starch intake has decreased while fruit and animal foods have considerably increased. Therefore, energy from carbohydrates has decreased while energy from protein and fat has increased. Energy intakes from protein, fat and carbohydrates were respectively 12.5, 7.2 and 80.3% in 1969 but 16.1, 19.1 and 64.8% in 1995. 62.9% of the householes had the fat energy less than 20%, while 37.1% had the fat energy above 20%. The only intakes of vitamin A and calcium were below RDA levles. Therefore, nationwide attention should be focused on public nutriton education and public activities with supplementation of the RDAs, according to the food guide and the dietary guideline.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

Objectives : Magnoliae officinalis Cortex (MOC) has been used in traditional medicine for digestive diseases in Korea, China and Japan. However, Machili thunbergii Cortex (MTC) also has been used as a substitute of MOC in Korea sometimes. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate and compare the effects of MOC and MTC on intestinal motility of isolated small intestinal segments from ICR mouse. Methods : Changes in motility were recorded via isometric transducers connected to a data acquisition system and amplitude, frequency and area under the curve (AUC) of intestinal spontaneous phasic contraction were compared. Results : The MOC extracts ($1{\sim}{\mu}g/mL$) dose-dependently decreased both amplitudes and frequencies of the spontaneous phasic contraction, but not AUC. However, high concentration of MOC (100 ${\mu}g$/mL) evoked tonic contraction. And it was not inhibited by tetrodotoxin, a sodium channel blocker, and nifedipine, a L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel antagonist. These results suggested that MOC (100 ${\mu}g$/mL)-induced tonic contraction is not mediated by nerve or L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel. On the other hand, the MTC extracts dose-dependently inhibited amplitude and AUC, but not the frequency. Conclusions : Although both MOC and MTC affected intestinal motility, MOC is more effective on intestinal motility than MTC. And MOC has been used as a traditional medicine for a long time but not MTC. Thus, we suggested that MTC should not be used in Korea as a substitute of MOC and MOC might be useful traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disease. The mechanism of MOC is still remained to elucidate.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.356-360
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• 2005

장의 건강을 유지하기 위해서는 식이섬유, 장내세균총, 소화 상피세포와 점액질층(mucus layer)을 포함하는 점액질(mucosa)의 3대 요소가 상호보완 및 균형 관계가 중요하다. 특히 점액의 분비와 점액층의 형성이 제대로 이루어져야 하며 각종 장질환의 거의 대부분은 뮤신의 부족과 깊은 관계가 있는 보고 자료를 참고하여 식물성 복합추출물인 장기능 개선제 KTG075의 장기능 개선 효과 및 배변촉진 효과를 알아보기 위해 랫드의 대장 내 점액(mucin)의 분비에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Loperamide를 투여하여 변비를 유발시킨 랫드에 장기능개선제 KTG075를 투여한 후 대장 내 변의 수를 관찰한 결과, loperamide 단독 처 리군보다 변의 수가 68.2% 감소하는 것이 관찰되었으며, 대장 내 점액질 층의 두께 측정시는 loperamide단독 처리군은 정상 대조군에 비해 랫드의 대장 내에 분비되는 점액질의 두께가 약 31%가 감소하였으나, KTG075 동시 처리군에서는 점액질의 두께가 정상적으로 회복되는 것이 조직검사에서 관찰되었으며, Alcian blue 염색으로 점 액 질 두께 변화 관찰 시는 lopreamide 단독 처리군에서 현저히 감소되었고 KTG075 동시처리군에서는 점액질 층이 거의 정상수준으로 증가되었다. 결과적으로, loperamide 단독처리군에서는 점액질(mucus)의 생성과 분비가 감소되나, 장기능개선제인 KTG075는 장기능을 활성화시킴으로써 점액의 분비를 증가시켜 증가된 점액이 대장 내 윤활제로서 작용하여 장관 운동을 증가시켜 배변을 용이하게 하여 변비 또는 스트레스 등에 의해 저하된 장 기능을 개선시키는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.191-202
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• 1985

우리 나라에서는 과거 20년간 경제사정이 호전되고 과학기술이 발달됨에 따라 국민 평균수명이 크게 연장 되였으며, 따라서 노인인구도 증가하게 되었다. 이와 같은 인구분포의 변화로 야기되는 여러 가지 문제중, 노령인구의 보건의학적인 현실성을 고찰하였다. 한국의 65세 이상 노인인구는 162만명으로 전체 인구의 4.0%를 차지하여 과거에 비하여 빨리 증가하였으나 8.9%, 10.3%, 15.8%의 일본, 미국 및 영국에 비해서는 아직 훨씬 낮은 편이다. 65세 이상 노인들의 25% 이상에서 진료를 요하는 높은 질환율을 나타내었으며, 질병별로는 순환기계질환 30.9%, 호흡기계질환 17.1%, 소화기계질환 8.6%, 정신장애 8.4%, 악성신생물 7.0% 등의 순이었다. 의료수혜 현황으로는 의료보호와 의료보험을 합하여 51%의 노인인구가 전액 혹은 일부 의료비 보조혜택을 받을 수 있으나 보험수혜노인의 수진율은 극히 낮아(1981년에 2.0%) 노인들의 진료 기피의 한국적 특색을 보여주고 있다. 노인들에 많은 성인병들은 만성진행형이어서 조기진단, 전문적관리 및 장기진료가 필요하나, 노인전문 진료기관, 장기수용시설 및 전문인력은 전무한 실정이다. 급속히 증가하는 노인인구의 보건을 위하여 양로시설과 장애노인수용소의 조속한 확충과 가정방문 간호원제도, 노인의료수혜 확장, 무료 신체검사, 성인병 예방운동 등 정부차원의 제도적 개선과 적극적 지원이 지금부터라도 시행되어야 되겠다.