• 한국어병학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 1996

1995년과 1996년 충남의 조피볼락 종묘생산장에서 발생한 대량폐사의 원인을 조사하였다. 병어로 부터 분리된 원인균은 생화학적 및 생물학적 특성에 의해 Vibrio ordalii로 동정되었다. 당년생과 일년생 조피볼락에 대한 병원성 조사를 위하여 수온 $18^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$에서의 감염실험을 실시한 결과 $25^{\circ}C$의 일년생 시험어에 비해 $18^{\circ}C$의 당년생 치어가 훨씬 높은 비율로 감염되었다. 이러한 결과는 양어장에서의 질병발생예를 포함한 현장조사 결과와 일치하고 있었다. 병어의 병리조직학적 관찰결과 아가미는 2차새변과 뇌의 모세혈관의 확장, 호흡상피의 박리, 간실질의 위축, 신장의 괴사가 관찰되었고 소화관계는 뚜렷한 병변이 없었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.330-337
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of consumption and consumer satisfaction of dietary fiber supplements. The survey was conducted using a self-recorded questionnaire developed to meet the purpose of this study. The characteristics of the subjects who have taken dietary fiber supplements in the past are as follows: distributions of socioeconomic variables showed that the highest-ranked group(the group that reported the highest consumption of dietary fiber supplements) was professionals with a college degree or higher degree. In addition, the highest-ranked group were the most healthy, nonsmokers and reported drinking habits of '1~2 times/week'. Regarding the health status of those surveyed, digestive disease and constipation were the most common complaints. The majority responded with 'health concerns' to the question that asked the reason for their purchase of the dietary fiber supplements. Three major places respondents could find dietary fiber supplements were 'through the internet', 'the market', 'the pharmacy' in descending order. The compositions of dietary fiber products varied. 'konjac', 'cellulose', 'psyllium husks' were the most popular components consumed by the subjects. The average duration of product consumption was less than one month. In terms of satisfaction levels(satisfaction was ranked from 1 to 5), 'taste' and 'type' scored the highest in satisfaction levels while 'price' ranked the lowest. When subjects were asked about self-awareness regarding the physiological efficacy of dietary fiber supplements, the responses were positive in 'bowel movement' and 'weight loss'. Further research is required to improve the quality of dietary fiber supplements in order to assist consumers in selecting the appropriate products.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.211-230
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• 2006

In oriental medicine, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens & Jujubae Fructus are frequently used materials for the digestive system, outer harmful qi(外感) and dam-yeum(痰飮). Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編) is widely used for clinical herbal prescription book. In Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens is used 3pyun(片)(4g) and Jujubae Fructus is used 2mae(4g). The most important fact is that, in contrast to most people know that chyranthis Bidentatae Radix & Jujubae Fructus are used most prescription at the same time, the prescription used chyranthis Bidentatae Radix & Jujubae Fructus at the same time is merely 77. (Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun percentage of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens & Jujubae Fructus is 16.48%). The number of prescription Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens & Jujubae Fructus in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun is total 173. 42 in sang-tong(上統), 86 in jung-tong(中統), 45 in ha-tong(下統). The group of mostly used disease is about outer harmful qi(外感) and dam-yeum(痰飮). The ratio of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun is 3.70%~100%. And the ratio of Jujubae Fructus is 0.45%~29.14%. The mostly quoted medical literature what prescription included Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens & Jujubae Fructus in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun is Tae-Pypng-Ha-Jae-Guk-Bang.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.197-213
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate chief complaints of pediatric outpatients .Fin the oriental hospital and search for a trend of patients and their symtoms. Method : The study was composed of 2,915 new patients aged between 0 and 20 who had been visited pediatrics in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university oriental hospital from 2001 to 2004. Results : The percentage of new patients decreased every year with 30.7% in 2001, 25.5% in 2002, 24.1% in 2003, 17.8% in 2004. The age distribution showed 9.9% in infancy patients, 62.6% in early childhood, 16.8% in late childhood, 10.6% in adolescence. The percentage of infants decreased every year with 13.3% in 2001, 9.4% in 2002, 8.8% in 2003, 7.1% in 2004. The percentage of adolescents increased every year with 8.0% in 2001, 9.6% in 2002, 12.8% in 2003, 13.5% in 2004. Systemic division of chief complaints was respiratory symtoms(37.6%), general symtoms(26.1%), digestive symtoms(19.2%), skin symtoms(6.8%), nervous and mental symtoms (6.1%), urinary symtoms(2.2%), musculoskeletal symtoms(1.3%) and others(0.7%) in order of frequency. The main chief complaints were nasal mucus/obstruction(17.5%), weakness(16.9%), cough(12.8%), loss of appetite(9.8%), inappropriate growth(4.3%), atopic skin problem(3.4%), repeated common cold(2.4%), abdominal pain(2.4%), vomiting (2.2%), diarrhea(2.0%) and fever (1.9%). Loss of appetite, inappropriate growth and repeated common cold increased every year. Diarrhea and convulsion decreased every year. Conclusions : The two main causes of visit of patients were respiratory problems and improvement of general condition. More data of patients should be accumulated for further study. Not only analysis according to chief complaint, but also analysis according to diagnosis will accomplish more aaccurate information about disease of childrens in the future.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.187-231
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• 2001

It is a recent observation that about 80 per cent of the body's immune system is localized in the gastrointestinal tract. This explains to a large extent why eating right is important for the modulation the immune response and prevention of disease. I addition it is increasingly recognized that the body has an important digestive system also in the lower gastrointestinal tract where numerous important substances are released by microbial enzymes and absorbed. Among these substances are short chain fatty acids, amino acids, various carbohydrates, polyamines, growth factors, coagulation factors, and many thousands of antioxidants, not only traditional vitamins but numerous flavonoids, carotenoids and similar plant- and vegetable produced antioxidants. Also consumption of health-promoting bacteria (probiotics) and vegetable fibres (prebiotics) from numerous sources are known to have strong health-promoting influence. It has been calculated that the intestine harbours about 300 000 genes, which is much more than the calculated about 60000 for the rest of the human body, indicating a till today totally unexpected metabolic activity in this part of the GI tract. There are seemingly several times more active enzymes in the intestine than in the rest of the body, ready to release hundred thousand or more of substances important for our health and well-being. In addition do the microbial cells produce signal molecules similar to cytokines but called bacteriokines and nitric oxide, with provide modulatory effects both on the mucosal cells, the mucosa-associated lymphoid system (MALT) and the rest of the immune system. Identification of various fermentation products, and often referred to as synbiotics, studies of their role in maintaining health and well-being should be a priority issue during the years to come.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Poncirus Trifoliata(PT) on improvement of fecal impaction in spinal cord injured(SCI) rats. Methods : Fifteen adult Sprague-Dawley female rats were used weighing 200~250 g. A complete spinal cord transection was performed surgically at the T10 cord level. Experimental groups were assigned into 3 groups: Control(n=5), SCI+vehicle(n=5) and SCI+PT(n=5). PT was administered 100mg/kg in 0.5ml every 24 hours from 1st operation day to 7th day. We measured the body weight and food intake as well as the number and the weight of fecal pellet every morning. After 1 week of operation, whole colon was divided into proximal and distal segments under anesthesia. Each segment of colon was mounted with longitudinal direction in a organ bath. We measured spontaneous contraction and compared the area under the curve in each segments. Enhanced responses were observed by acetylcholine($10^{-6}M$), 40 mM KCl solution, L-NAME($10^{-4}M$). Results : The fecal number and weights were significantly higher in the group of SCI+PT than SCI+vehicle group(p<0.05). In organ bath study, area under the curves of the spontaneous contraction in SCI+vehicle and SCI+PT groups were significantly increased compared to control group. Contractility of distal colon in response to acetylcholine or KCl in SCI+vehicle group was significantly decreased compared to other groups(p<0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that PT might be useful to promote bowel emptying in spinal cord injured rats.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2011

The hexavalent chromium ions in wastewater are highly toxic chemicals even at low concentrations. It causes serious diseases, such as cancer, skin disease, digestive trouble et. al. In this study, $Cr^{6+}$ ions were removed by using borosilicate glasses. Various glasses system with different compositions were prepared and then reacted in a solution contaning $Cr^{6+}$ ions. After the reaction, the concentration of the $Cr^{6+}$ ions remained in the solution was measured by ICP-OES. The reacted surface of the glasses was also analyzed by using a XRD, SEM, and EDS. When $Na_2O-RO-SiO_2-B_2O_3$ (RO=MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO) glasses were reacted with a solution containing $Cr^{6+}$ ions, the optimum removal efficiency of $Cr^{6+}$ ions was observed in the BaO glass. $Ba^{2+}$ ions leached out of these glasses combine with $Cr^{6+}$ ions in a solution to form $BaCrO_4$ crystals on the glass surface. In this manner, the $Cr^{6+}$ ions can be removed from the solution. It is conceivable that $Ba^{2+}$ ions are reacted with $Cr^{6+}$ ions in a solution immedeately after leaching out of the glasses. The pH of the solution for optimum removal of $Cr^{6+}$ ions were 3.0~5.0.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2007

Objectives : Moxibustion therapeutics is one of the most popular oriental treatments in Korea. In this study, we operate the Telephone Survey for grasping clinical actual state moxibustion therapeutics in Korea. Methods : Survey questions were developed based on consensus of acupuncture professors. The list of the Korean medical doctors with experiences more than 10 years is provided by the Association of the Korean Oriental Medicine. A stratified random sample of Korean medical doctors is drawn for the telephone interviews. We choose a bound on the error of estimation equal to 6.5 percentage, and the sample size is 260 for the national sample. Telephone interviews with them were conducted by the well-trained interviewers of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine in Medical researcher from 26th March 2007 to 6th April 2007. Results : Ninty -four percents of Korean oriental medical doctors were male and most commonly, clinical experience of doctors were 20-29 years(47.3%). Sixty-seven percent of Korean oriental medical doctors used moxibustion therapeutics. The most common treatment disease was Musculo-skeletal disorder(38.3%), Digestive disorder(28.6%), Gynecology(14.1%). Indirect moxibustion were as frequent as 65.5% of moxibustion method. The most common reason of unused respondents was 'Lots of smell and smoke'(28.3%), 'The wound left a scar'(20.8%), 'Less effects'(20%), etc. Eighty-three percents Korean oriental medical doctors were against that moxibustion therapy used without doctor's examination Conclusions : This survey provides unique insight into the perception of the Korea medical doctor at moxibustion therapeutics. Future research need to provide more in-depth insight into doctor views of the experience.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2001

Objectives : Through the literatures on the effets of Bufonis Venenum, we are finding out the clinical possibility and revealing the more effective to intractable diseases. Methods : We investigated the literatures of Oriental Medicine and experimental reports about Bufonis Venenum. Results : 1. Bufonis Venenum is made of bufonidae bufo bufo gargarizans cantor or bufo melanostictus schneider of white serum which secreted from parotid gland or dermato gland, and it is dried for using. 2. In oriental medicine, Bufonis Venenum has been mainly used on the tumors, cacanthrax and dermatic disease, and then it has been clinically used on infantile athrepsia, tetanus, sore throat, toothache, and so on. 3. The pharmacological effects of Bufonis Venenum are cardiotonic, respiration stimulation, depressor or vasopressor, topical anesthcsia, hallucination, striped muscle stimulation, antiasthmatic, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, diuretic, immuno effects, etc. 4. Bufonis Venenum is largely divided in ether binding steroid compound, hydroxyl steroid compound, carboxyl or aldehyde steroid compound, indole compound, and adrenaline, cholesterole, etc. 5. Symptoms of Bufonis Venenum poisoning in digestive system are vommitig, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dehydration, in circulatory system are palpitation, shock, bradycardia, in nervous system are vertigo, somnolentia, muscle-tendon reflex weakness, and critical conditions to tissue necrosis and heart attack. 6. Ways to treat Bufonis Venenum poisoning include gastric irrigation with $0.2~0.5\%$ potassium permanganate fluid and atropine $0.5{\sim}1.0mg$ subcutaneous injection. From the chinese book of Bon Cho Gang Moke(本草綱目), if white serum of Bufonis Venenum enter the eyes, it happens the edema and pain. And then washed the eyes by juice of Lithospermi Radix(紫草) that the edema is removed. Conclusions and Discussion : The results from above literary studies show that prescriptions and Aqua-acupuncture of Bufonis Venenum could be clinically used to sedative, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, anticancer and topical ataralgesia. However it is expected that pharmacological and side effects of Bufonis Venenum are further studied.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.257-260
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• 2015

Reproductive disorders in cows cause economic loss in livestock farms. Reproductive diseases, such as follicular cyst, luteal cyst, endometritis, pyometra, and repeat breeding cause infertility. Among these diseases, endometritis and pyometra are uterine infections that are leading causes of infertility. This study was performed to investigate the causative agents of uterine diseases using bacterial culture. Bacteria were obtained from the reproductive organs (vagina, uterine cervix, and uterine horn) of dairy cow diagnosed with endometritis or pyometra, and cultured on blood agar. The colonies obtained from cultivation for 24 hours were passaged. To identify the bacteria, the colonies grown in passaged culture Gram stained and applied to an automatic biochemical microbial identification system. Escherichia coli were commonly detected in vagina, uterine cervix, and uterine horn of dairy cows diagnosed to pyometra. The cows having endometritis showed not only Escherichia coli but also Pantoea spp. and Klebsiella spp. strains. Dairy cows that were infected with Escherichia coli in uterus caused mastitis or digestive disease. These results suggest that sanitary feeding and management beforehand are needed to prevent bacterial infections.