• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

Background: Open lung biopsy is used for diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative lung diseases (DILD), but it is invasive and relatively expensive procedure. Fluoroscopy-guided cutting needle lung biopsy (FCNLB) has merits of avoidance of admission and rapid diagnosis. But diagnostic accuracy and safety were not well known in the diagnosis of DILD. Methods: We included 52 patients (37 men, 15 women) having DILD on HRCT with dyspnea, except the patients who could be confidently diagnosed with clinical and HRCT findings. FCNLB was performed using 16G Ace cut needle (length 1.5 cm, diameter 2 mm) at the area of most active lesion on HRCT. Final diagnoses were made by the consensus. Results: The mean interval between the HRCT and FCNLB was 4.5 days. Most cases were performed one biopsy during 5~10 minutes. Specific diagnosis was obtained in 43 of 52 biopsies (83%). The most common diagnosis was nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (11 cases) and followed by cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (7 cases), diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and usual interstitial pneumonia (5 cases in each), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (3 cases), tuberculosis and drug induced interstitial pneumonitis (2 cases in each), the others are in one respectively. Mild complication was developed in 9 patients (8 pneumothorax, 1 hemoptysis). Most of complications were regressed without treatment except one case with chest tube insertion for pneumothorax. Conclusion: Fluoroscopy-guided 16 G cutting needle lung biopsy was an useful method for the diagnosis of DILD.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.878-881
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• 1994

Primary malignant lymphomas of the lung are rare and known often to be localized, solitary pulmonary lesions, in chest radiograph. Because they are highly treatable contrast to the other primary lung cancer, the distinction is important. A 35-year old man who was admitted for a solitary pulmonary nodule in the right middle lobe. Percutaneous needle aspiration disclosed diffuse, small cell lymphoma. Bone marrow biopsy showed no evidence of neoplastic lymphoid cell infiltration. There were a walnut sized mass involving right middle lobe with a small satellite nodule at 2cm distal to the right upper lobe bronchial orifice. The histopathology of the bilobectomized specimen showed diffuse, small cell, malignant, non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma. Immunologic subtype was defined as B-cell type.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.683-686
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• 2004

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disorder in which lipoproteinaceous material accumulates within the alveoli. We report a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a 41 year old female patient. She complained of a dry cough in the preceding 6 months. She presented symptoms of mild hypoxemia and diffuse infiltration at both lower lung fields. A milky fluid was obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. We confirmed by light microscopic examinations of the lung tissues obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy. Through several follow-ups, the patients symptoms were mild.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.856-860
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• 1999

Diffuse pulmonary ossification is rare disease of unknown etiology. Since the first description by Luschka in 1856, about 140 cases have been reported worldwide, but no such case has been reported in Korea yet. We report 40-year-old woman who was diagnosed as diffuse nodular pulmonary ossification on open lung biopsy. She has no respiratory symptoms & physical findings and no previous disease history. She was incidentally found to have multiple pulmonary nodules on roentgenographic examination. Open lung biopsy was done for above lesion and She was proven to have diffuse nodular pulmonary ossification. She was followed by roentgenographic examination and showed no progression.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.203-208
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• 1997

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in lung comprises 0.5% of primary lung tumor and 3% of extranodal lymphoma. The most common radiographic abnormalities of pulmonary lymphoma include pulmonary nodule and consolidation, but hilar lymphadenopathy is rarely observed Recently we experienced primary pulmonary T-cell lymphoma presenting with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathies and diffuse pulmonary infiltration A 39-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever, cough, and severe dyspnea. Chest PA obtained on admission revealed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathies and diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltration. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was strongly suggested and empirical treatment with corticosteroids resulted in dramatic clinical and radiological improvement for a short time. Eventually, CT-guided lung biopsy was performed and the specimen disclosed primary pulmonary Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of T-cell origin, diffuse small lymphocytic with focal plasmacytoid differentiation.

• Near Infrared Analysis
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2001

A non-invasive spectroscopic method is presented for the measurement of pulmonary edema. Both early diagnosis and quantitative edema estimates were investigated. The spectroscopic determination of pulmonary edema involved the acquisition of diffuse reflectance spectra in the near-infrared (NIR) region with change in water concentration - water is the main constituent of edema fluid. Pulmonary edema was induced into the excised perfused lungs of seven animals by elevating the hydrostatic pressure. Estimates of edema were ascertained from a partial least squares regression of the measured spectral response. Actual edema was determined from the change (increase) in total lung weight. Estimates in relative lung weight increases due to in vitro edema were made with the near infrared spectra. The results revealed that fluid accumulation produced spectral changes in the O-H and C-H absorptions as well as scattering changes in the spectra. Histology of the lung was used to verify the presence or absence of interstitial and alveolar edema. Results demonstrated that near infrared spectroscopy might provide a new tool for clinical assessment of pulmonary edema.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.11 s.268
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• pp.844-849
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• 2006

Background: The diffuse infiltrative lung disease requires surgical lung biopsy for its final diagnosis. We evaluated the effect of surgical lung biopsy for final diagnosis of duffuse interstitial lung disease and compared video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy(TLB) with open lung biopsy(OLB). Material and Method: We evaluated the patients who underwent surgical lung biopsy from March 2000 from December 2005, retrospectively, We divide to two groups(OLB and TLB group) and compared them. Result: There were 36 patients and cough was the most common pre- operative symptom. Surgery time, anesthetic time, hospital stay, duration of chest tube indwelling, specimen volume and the rate of post-operative complication were not significantly different between two groups. Histologic diagnosis was confirmed in all cases. There was one post-operative death who had suffered from respiratory failure since pre-operative period. Conclusion: Surgical lung biopsy is effective method in final diagnosis for diffuse infiltrative lung disease. Video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy is lesser invasive method than open lung biopsy and provide similar results, so it is basic diagnostic method of surgical lung biopsy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1992

Background: The lung is the most common site of metastasis and usually it manifests as a single or multiple nodules in chest X-ray. But less commonly the cancer spreads through the lymphatics and X-ray shows diffuse reticulonodular densities. Sometimes, patient is presented with respiratory symptoms only with interstitial lung infiltration before the signs of primary tumor and in that cases, the differential diagnosis with other interstitial lung disease is required. We have experienced 5 such cases, who were diagnosed as lymphangitic carcinomatosis by transbronchial lung biopsy. Methods: Clinical manifestation, pulmonary function test, modified thin section CT, bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy were done. Results: The primary tumor was gastric cancer in 3, lung cancer in 2. Pulmonary function test showed restrictive pattern with low DLco in 2 patients and obstructive pattern in one. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed lymphocytosis in 4 patients and malignant cells were found in one patient. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed malignant cells localized to the lymphatics (peribronchial, perivascular and perialveolar). Cell type was adenocarcinoma in 4 and squamous cell carcinoma in one. Conclusion: Rarely lymphangitic carcinomatosis can be presented as diffuse interstitial lung disease and easily diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1980.09a
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• pp.87-113
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• 1980

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of Korean ginseng extract on carcinogenesis induced by various chemical carcinogens. Red ginseng extract was used for this study and was administered orally to the experimental animals. Carcinogens that were injected in subscapsular region of ICR newborn mice within 24 hours after birth were 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzan-thracene (DMBA), urethane, N-2-fluorenylacetamide(AAF), aflatoxin $B_1$ and tobacco smoke condensate. N -methyl-N -nitroso-N'-nitroguani-dine(MNNG) was injected subcutaneously at the back of wistar rats. Experimental animals were autopsied in immediately after being sacrificed. All major organs were examined grossly and weighted. After fixation histopathological preparations were made for microscopical study. Following results were obtained. In DMBA group sacrificed at the 26th week after the treatment with DMBA, the incidence of lung adenoma was $77\%$ and the average number of the tumor was 17. However, in DMBA combined with red ginseng group, the incidence was $78\%$ and the average number of lung adenoma was 14.1. This indicates that ginseng extract had no effect on the incidence of lung adenoma but decreased the average number of lung adenoma by $17\%.$ In DMBA group sacrificed at the 48th week after the injection of DMBA, the lung adenoma incidence was $88\%.$ The average diameter of the largest lung adenoma was 3.5 cm, the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $18\%$ and the average lung weight of male experimental mice was $528.2{\pm}469.1\;gm.$ On the other hand, in DMBA combined with red ginseng group sacrificed at the 48th week, the incidence of lung adenoma was $96\%.$ The average diameter of the largest adenoma was 2.7 cm, the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $7\%$ and the average lung weight of male mice was $418.0{\pm}520\;gm.$ These observations show that ginseng extract did not have any inhibitory effect on the incidence of lung adenoma but decreased the average diameter of the largest lung adenoma by $23\%,$ the incidence of duffuse pulmonary infiltration by $63\%$ and the average lung weight of male experimental mice by $21\%.$ From these results we have found that the prolonged administration with ginseng extract showed no inhibitory effect on the incidence of adenoma but it had the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of lung adenomas induced by DMBA. In urethane group sacrificed at the 28th week after the injection of urethane, the incidence of lung adenoma was $94\%$ and the average number of lung adenoma was 8.6. In urethane combined with red ginseng group, the. incidence of lung adenoma was $73\%$ and the average number of adenoma was 6.0. These results indicate that there were $22\%$ decrease of the lung adenoma incidence and $31\%$ decrease of the average number of adenoma in urethane combined with red ginseng group. And in urethane group sacrificed at the 50th week, the incidence of lung adenoma was $98\%$ and the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $14\%$. In urethane combined with ginseng group the incidence of lung adenoma was $85\%$ and the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $12\%$. Therefore the ginseng administration resulted in $15\%$ decrease of the lung adenoma incidence and $14\%$ decrease of the diffuse pulmonary infiltration incidence. From these results we knew that the prolonged administration with ginseng extract inhibited the incidence and also the proliferation of the lung adenoma induced by urethane. Lung adenoma and hepatoma were induced in the experimental mice sacrificed at the 68th week but not in the experimental mice sacrificed at the 28th week after the injection of AAF. In AAF group sacrificed at the 68th week after the injection of AAF the incidence of lung adenoma was $18\%$ and the incidence of hepatoma was $27\%$. And in AAF combined with ginseng group the lung adenoma incidence was $12\%$ and the hepatoma incidence was $37\%$. So the ginseng seemed to decrease the lung adenoma incidence by AAF, but we were unable to conclude the significant inhibitory effect of the ginseng extract on the incidence of lung adenoma by AAF because the above incidence of lung adenoma were similar to that of control group which was $11\%$. And these experimental data revealed that ginseng extract didn't have any inhibitory effect on the incidence of hepatoma induced by AAF. In aflatoxin $B_1$ group sacrificed at the 56th week, the incidence of lung adenoma was $24\%$ and hepatoma was $11\%$. However in aflatoxin $B_1$ combined with ginseng group the incidence of lung adenoma was $17\%$ and hepatoma was $3\%$ These results indicate that there were $29\%$ decrease of the lung adenoma incidence and $75\%$ decrease of the hepatoma incidence in aflatoxin $B_1$ combined with ginseng group. In tobacco smoke condensate experimental group sacrificed at 67th week, no tumors were induced except just a few lung adenoma. The lung adenoma incidence both in tobacco smoke condensate group and in tobacco smoke condensate combined with ginseng group was $8\%$. And this incidence rate was similar to that of control group. These results indicate that the injection of 320 ug tobacco smoke condensate per ICR newborn mouse was unable to induce lung adenoma in our experiments. In MNNG group sacrificed at the 27th week the tumor incidence was $38.5\%$ and in MNNG combined with ginseng extract group was $37\%$. In MNNG group for investigation of the life span of tumor bearing rats the tumor incidence was $93\%$ and the average life span of tumor bearing rats was 318 days. And in MNNG combined with ginseng extract group the tumor incidence was $96\%$ and the average life span was 337 days. Tumor induced by MNNG was almost sarcoma. This indicates that there was no inhibitory effect of ginseng extract on the tumor incidence, but the extract prolonged the average life span of tumor bearing rats by approximately 19 days.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.221-224
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• 1987

Uptake of $^{99m}Tc$ bone-scanning agents by extra osseous tissues has been frequently reported. However, lung and stomach uptake of $^{99m}Tc$ bone-scanning agents in lymphoma has been rarely described. We report here a case with lymphoma and hypercalcemia which showed diffuse uptake of $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ by lung and stomach.