• 치위생과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2021

Background: As the importance of the esthetic function of teeth increases, the use of esthetic restoration materials and whitening treatment are increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the color change of esthetic restoration materials upon using staining and whitening toothpaste. Methods: Light curing (LC) packable composite resin, LC flowable resin, LC glass ionomer (GI), and self-curing GI specimens were colored in coffee or curry for three hours a day for seven days. After that, regular toothpaste, whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide, and whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal were applied for three minutes three times a day for two weeks. Luminosity (L), chromaticity a (a), and chromaticity b (b) were measured using a spectrophotometer once a week. Results: In the coffee-colored group, the change in L^2*a^2*b² (E²) with time was significant (p=0.004), there was no difference for different toothpaste types (p=0.646), and there was significant difference (p<0.001) for different esthetic restorative materials. The change of E² in the curry-colored group was significant only for different esthetic restorative materials (p<0.001). In the coffee-colored group, the L, a, and b values of the light-curing GI showed greater change than other materials after staining and one week after whitening, turning dark, red, and yellow. In the curry-colored group, L did not differ for different materials and times, and a and b showed the greatest difference in light-curing GI after staining and one and two weeks after whitening. Conclusion: The use of whitening toothpaste for two weeks was not different from the use of general toothpaste in the removal of staining or whitening. Since light-curing GI is the most vulnerable to coloration, it is recommended that coloring by food chromogen should be explained in advance, before using light-curing GI for teeth restoration.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.425-433
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• 2012

목적: 광과민성 증후군자를 위한 가상 색 오버레이, 필름 오버레이, 색 렌즈나 색안경의 기초 설계. 방법: 필름오버레이 3종류에 대한 광학적 특성 측정을 통한 sRGB, RGB 값 도출. 백색종이, IT기기 백색화면 적용시와 투과모드시의 색도 관계 분석 결과: 구현 가능한 sRGB와 RGB값을 얻었다. 백색종이나 IT기기의 백색화면을 배경으로 얻은 색도와 필름 자체의 색도는 달랐으나, 일정한 관계 패턴을 보였다. 광투과율은 Intuitive Overlays가 단일 색에서 59%-79%로 가장 높았고, 광반사율은 Reading Ruler가 평균 8%로 가장 낮았다. 결론: 측정된 데이터를 보정하여 계산된 sRGB와 RGB값은 실제 보조도구를 구현하는데 직접 사용할 수 있다. 광투과율은 IT기기의 가상 오버레이의 투명도인 ${\alpha}$값을 산출하는데 사용될 수 있다. IT기기에서는 디스플레이 장치의 백색 화면과 이론적 백색의 색도 차이가 너무 크면 가상 색 오버레이 구현에서 기기의 백색 특성을 고려할 필요가 있다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 1984

색광에 대한 말쥐치 Navodon modestus의 행동을 조사하기 위하여, 2가지씩의 서로 다른 색광을 조합하여 수조의 양단에서 동시에 광자극을 가했을 때의 반응을 주간과 야간으로 구분 조사한 결과는 다음과 갈다. 1. 수조내에서의 말쥐치의 구간별분포곡선은 양단 구간에 다소 많이 모여 대체로 U 자형이 되었다. 2. 양색선원쪽에서의 평균분포차는 $10.65\%(4.59{\sim}19.16\%)$였고, 주간($13.20\%$)보다 야간($8.09\%$) 에 적었다. 3. 말쥐치가 잘 모이는 색광은 주간과 야간의 구별없이 청색, 백색, 황색, 적색의 순으로 나타났다. 4. 조명시간의 경과에 따른 집어율의 변화는 일정한 증감추세를 보이지 않고 계속 불안정하게 변동했다. 5. 두가지 색광에 대한 집어율의 차는 비교적 뚜렸하지 않았는데 야간보다 주간에 그 차가 심했다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1981

The author carried out an experiment to find out the responsing patterns of filefish, Stepha nolepis cirrhifer (Temminck et Schlegel) to the color lights. The experimental tank (360LX50WX55H cm) was set up in a dark room. Six Longitudinal sections each being 60 em intervals are marked in the tank to observe the location of the fish. Water depth in the tank was kept 50 em level. Light bulbs of 20W were placed at the both ends of the tank to be projected the light horizontally into the tank. Two different colored filters were selected in combination from four' colors-red, blue, yellow, and white, and were placed in front of the light bulbs to make\ulcorner different light of color. Light intensity were controlled by use of auxiliary filters intercepted between the bulb and the filter. The fish were acclimatized in the dark for 40 minutes prior to employ in the experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times in every 30 seconds, and the mean of the number of fish in each section was given as the gathering rate of the fish. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Color of light, to which the fish gathered abundantly was found in the named order of blue, white, green, and red. 2. The differences of gathering rate upon arbitary combined two color lights were shown significant, and the differences increased remarkably in accordance with the lapse of illuminating period.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.819-826
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• 2015

This study measured temperatures and albedos of urban surfaces for different colors and materials during summer, and calculated the energy budget over different urban surfaces to find out the thermal performance affecting the heat built-up. The study selected six surface colors and 13 materials common in urban landscape. Their surface temperatures (Ts) and albedos were measured at a given time interval in the daytime from June to August. Average Ts over summer season for asphalt-colored brick was $4.0^{\circ}C$ higher than that for light red-colored one and $9.7^{\circ}C$ higher than that for white-colored one. The Ts for artificial surface materials of asphalt paving, brown brick wall, and green concrete wall was $6.0^{\circ}C$ higher than that for natural and semi-natural ones of grass, grassy block, and planted concrete wall. There was the greatest difference of $16.3^{\circ}C$ at midafternoon in the Ts between asphalt paving and planted concrete wall. Average albedo over summer season of surface materials ranged from 0.08 for asphalt paving to 0.67 for white concrete wall. This difference in the albedo was associated with a maximum of $15.7^{\circ}C$ difference at midafternoon in the Ts. Increasing the albedo by 0.1 (from 0.22 to 0.32) reduced the Ts by about $1.3^{\circ}C$. Average storage heat at midday by natural and semi-natural surfaces of grass and grassy block was about 10% lower than that by artificial ones of asphalt, light-red brick, and concrete. Reflected radiation, which ultimately contributes to heating the urban atmosphere, was 3.7 times greater for light-red brick and concrete surfaces than for asphalt surface. Thus, surfaces with in-between tone and color are more effective than dark- or white-colored ones, and natural or semi-natural surfaces are much greater than artificial ones in improving the urban thermal environment. This study provides new information on correlation between Ts and air temperature, relationship between albedo and Ts, and the energy budget.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1994

The author carried out an experiment to find out the response of Striped puffer. Fugu xanthoperus (Temminck et Schlegel) to the color lights. The experimental tank (300L$\times$50W$\times$50Hcm) was set up in a dark room. Six longitudinal sections with 60cm intervals are marked in the tank to observe the location of the fish. Water depth in the tank was kept 50cm level. Light bulbs of 20W at the both ends of the tank projected the light horizontally into the tank. Two different colored filters were selected from four colors of red, blue, yellow, and white, and the were placed in front of the light bulbs to make different colors of light. Light intensity was controlled by use of auxiliary filiters intercepted between the bulb and the filter. The fishes were acclimatized in the dark for 60 minutes before they were employed in the experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times in 30 second intervals, and the mean of the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times in 30 second intervals, and the mean of the number of fish in each section was given as the gathering rate of the fish. The colors favourited by the fish was found in order of blue, yellow, white and red in the daytime, and blue, white, yellow and red at night. The difference of the average distribution on two different colors of light was 13.12%(4.10-26.55%), and the difference in the daytime(14.79%) was larger than at night (11.45%). Constantly the gathering rate of fish on illumination period was fluctuated with instability. As the gathering rate of fish on illumination period was fluctuated with instability. As the gathering rate on one color of light increased, the gathering rate on the other color of light decreased. The difference of the gathering rate on two different colors of light was comparatively distinct and the difference in the daytime was larger than at night.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 1983

색광에 대한 두툽상어 Scyliorhinus torazame의 행동을 조사하기 위하여, 2가지 서로 다른 색광을 조합하여 수조의 양단에서 동시에 광자극을 가했을 때의 반응을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수조내에서의 구간별 분포곡선은 대체로 W자형이 되었다. 2. 양색광원쪽에서의 평균분포차는 10.19%(0.17~25.75%)였고, 주간(6.72%)보다 야간(13.66%)에 더 컸다. 3. 두툽상어가 잘 모이는 색광은 주간에는 황색, 백색, 청색, 적색의 순이며, 야간에는 적색, 청색, 백색, 황색의 순으로 나타났다. 4. 조명시간의 경과에 따른 집어율의 변화는 적었으며 비교적 안정하게 변동했는데 주간에 더 안정되었다. 5. 두 가지 색광에 대한 집어율의 차는 조명시간에 관계없이 대체로 뚜렷했는데 주간보다 야간에 더 차가 심했다

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2002

This research was conducted to establish the efficient use of the colored rice bran fur dyeing textiles. To investigate the fabric dyeability of the colored rice bran extract, the anthocyanin pigments were extracted with water of different temperature ranges of 40 ~ 8$0^{\circ}C$ and were dyed on silk fabrics with different dyeing temperature $25^{\circ}C$~6$0^{\circ}C$, at acidic pH and neutral pH, respectively. Aluminum chloride was preheated with mordant K/S value and dyeing fastness of dyed silk fabrics were examined. The anthocyanins of the colored rice bran were stable and red color at acidic pH, red purple or purple blue at neutral pH, but unstable, blue color at alkaline pH. If extracting temperature and dyeing temperature of dyeing solution were higher, the dyeability was high, but the color of dyed fabric showed red tone. When extracting temperature was 8$0^{\circ}C$ and dyeing temperature of dyeing solution was 6$0^{\circ}C$, the dyeability was best. Without mordant, the dyeability of silk fabrics was higher in acidic pH than in neutral pH solution. With mordant, the dyeability was higher than without mordant, and also higher in acidic pH. Pretreatment of aluminum chloride resulted in the increase of color intensity and stability. The laundering fastness of dyed fabrics was good from grade 5 to grade 3-4. Because of the anthocyanins sensitivity on light radiation, the light fastness of dyed fabrics was poor from grade 3 to grade 1-2.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.330-334
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• 1983

색광에 대한 볼낙 Sebastes inermis의 행동을 조사하기 위하여, 서로 다른 두가지 색광을 조합하여, 수조의 양단에서 동시에 광자극을 가했을 때의 반응을 주간과 야간으로 구분 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수조내에서의 구간별분포곡선은 양단구간에 많이 모여 대체로 U자형이 되었다. 2. 양색광원쪽에서의 평균분포차는 $31.14\%(10.28{\sim}59.82\%)$였고, 주간($40.60\%$)보다 야간($21.68\%$)에 적었다. 3. 볼낙이 잘 모이는 색광은 주간과 야간의 구별 없이 백색, 청색, 황색, 적색의 순으로 나타났다. 4. 조명시간의 경과에 따른 집어율의 변화는 적었으며 비교적 안정하게 변동했다. 5. 두가지 색광에 대한 집어율의 차는 조명시간에 관계없이 뚜렷했는데, 야간보다 주간에 그 차가 심했다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 1985

색광에 대한 조피볼낙 Sebastes schlegeli의 행동을 조사하기 위하여, 2가지씩의 서로 다른 색광을 조합하여 수조의 양단에서 동시에 광자극을 가했을 때의 반응을 주간과 야간으로 구분 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수조내에서의 조피볼낙의 구간별 분포곡선은 대체로 L 자형과 U 자형으로 나타났다. 2. 양색광원쪽에서의 평균분포차는 $13.50\%(0.70{\sim}31.65\%)$였고, 주간($17.03\%$) 보다 야간($9.98\%$)에 적었다. 3. 조피볼낙이 잘 모이는 색광은, 주간에는 청색, 백색, 황색, 적색의 순이며 야간에는 황색, 청색,n 백색, 적색의 순으로 나타났다. 4. 조명시간의 경과에 따른 집어율의 변화는 심했으며 계속 불안정하게 변동했다. 5. 두가지 색광에 대한 집어율의 차는 비교적 뚜렷하였는데 야간보다 주간에 더 뚜렷하였다.