• 동아시아경상학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to measure the efficiency of social security expenditure in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China and proposes corresponding improvement plans. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were obtained from the statistical yearbook of each province. The BCC and CCR models of DEA model and Malmquist index are used to analyze the efficiency, and the input-output index is expanded. Result - The results show that the social security performance of the Chinese government has improved on the whole despite the unbalanced development in different regions. Each region should look for strategies to improve the efficiency of social security according to its own problems. The study suggests that provinces affected by TCI should improve their internal environment, such as raising social security fund structure and strengthening fund supervision, to improve efficiency. Areas affected by TECI need to be more responsive to policy, socio-economic and technological development. Conclusion - The research conclusion can provide reference for Chinese provinces to improve the efficiency of social security expenditure in the future. This study is not comprehensive enough in the selection of input-output indicators, which can be further expanded in the future.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.352-363
• /
• 2019

Background: Invasive plant species are considered a major threat to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human wellbeing worldwide. Climatically suitable ranges for invasive plant species are expected to expand due to future climate change. The identification of current invasions and potential range expansion of invasive plant species is required to plan for the management of these species. Here, we predicted climatically suitable habitats for 11 invasive plant species and calculated the potential species richness and their range expansions in different provinces of the Republic of Korea (ROK) under current and future climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling approach. Results: Based on the model predictions, areas of climatically suitable habitats for 90.9% of the invasive plant species are expected to retain current ecological niches and expand to include additional climatically suitable areas under future climate change scenarios. Species richness is predicted to be relatively high in the provinces of the western and southern regions (e.g., Jeollanam, Jeollabuk, and Chungcheongnam) under current climatic conditions. However, under future climates, richness in the provinces of the northern, eastern, and southeastern regions (e.g., Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsangnam, Degue, Busan, and Ulsan) is estimated to increase up to 292%, 390.75%, and 468.06% by 2030, 2050, and 2080, respectively, compared with the current richness. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the rates of introduction and dispersion of invasive plant species from the western and southern coasts are relatively high and are expanding across the ROK through different modes of dispersion. The negative impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and economy caused by invasive plant species will be high if preventive and eradication measures are not employed immediately. Thus, this study will be helpful to policymakers for the management of invasive plant species and the conservation of biodiversity.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 1987

This paper is a part of the regional characteristics of Korean chotkal. The kinds and materials of Korean chotkals are studied by interviewing local people living in 142 different regions which are bigger than 'myon' in size. Regions are classified according to the structural style of commoner's house. Regional characteristics of chotkal are analyzed and interpreted with natural environmental factor. The rest of my further interested subject will be followed in later issues ; the ways of preservation, period of fermentation according to the regional characteristics and uses of Korean chotkal. The results of this study can be summerized as follows, 1. There are 145 different kinds. 2. Raw materials of 145 kinds of chotkal are devided roughly into five groups ; (1) fishes in 87 kinds (2) Pelecypoda and Gastropoda in 14 kinds (3) Cephalopoda in 10 Kinds (4) Crustacea in 32 kinds and (5) Holothuroidea and Echinoidea in 2 kinds. They can also be classified according to the parts of individual material ; (1) body or flesh in 118 kinds (2) internal organs in 15 kinds and (3) eggs in 12 kinds. Regions are devided into four provinces ; 'Kwanso', 'Chungbu', 'Nambu', and 'Kwanbuk' in which the number of different kinds of chotkal are 32, 41, 99 and 34, respectively. Raw materials vary because of the distribution of marine life in different regions. Fishes and Cephalopoda are used in all four regions, Pelecypoda and Gastropoda in 'Kwanso', 'Chungbu' and western part of 'Nambu' regions. Different species of Crustacea used in each different regions ; sea crab and sea shrimp in the western coastal area, fresh water crab in the field area, fresh water shrimp in 'Chollado', mantis crab at 'Shihung-gun' in 'Kyonggi-do', Holothuroidea and Echinoidea are used in 'Nambu' regions. Chotkal are not used at all in six local districts which are located in inland areas where the transportation is inconvenient.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.666-675
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 태백산맥을 기준으로 영동(고성군), 영서(홍천군), 영남(봉화군) 세 지역 간 소나무의 재질 차이 유무를 알기 위해 역학적 특성을 조사하였다. 측정한 역학적 성질은 압축강도, 경도 및 전단강도였다. 압축강도는 미성숙재에서 지역 간 차이가 없으며, 심재부와 변재부에서는 봉화, 홍천, 고성군 순으로 크게 나타났다. 경도는 횡단면에서는 봉화군이, 방사 및 접선 단면에서는 고성군이 크게 나타났다. 전단강도는 심재부에서는 차이가 없었으며, 변재부에서는 봉화군이 고성, 홍천군에 비해 높게 나타났다. 이는 지역 간 가도관장, 마이크로피브릴경각 차이에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 지역 간 재질특성의 차이 규명으로 국내산 소나무재를 효율적이고 선택적으로 사용하여 부가가치를 높이고, 또한 우수한 수형목을 선발하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2013

The aging of farm households has caused serious problems such as productivity slowdown and aggravated income polarization in South Korea. Urban-to-rural migration has been recently suggested as a measure to attenuate the aging of rural population and other related problems. The inflow of migrants for farming can have a substantial effect on agriculture and rural communities while the natural adjustment of rural population caused by birth and death is slow. This paper forecasts population distribution of different provinces using the Origin-Destination (OD) analysis, taking into account both the size and directions of migration. In the analysis, nodes where the migration takes place are divided by the industrial sectors (agriculture and non-agriculture), regions, and ages. The results of a ten-year forecast shows that the aging of total population in most provinces will be intensified, but the portion of people over sixty will decrease in the agricultural sector. This finding implies that migration into rural areas, when occurring by a large extent, can mitigate the aging process and attendant problems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.2965-2972
• /
• 2016

Background: China carries a heavy burden of cervical cancer (CC) and substantial disparities exist across regions within the country. In order to reduce regional disparities in CC, the government of China launched the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural Areas (NCCSPRA) in 2009. Critical to the success of the program are the health care workers who play a pivotal role in preventing and managing CC by encouraging and motivating women to use screening services and by providing identification and treatment services. This study aimed to assess cervical cancer knowledge among these health care workers at the county level in maternal and child health (MCH) hospitals across different socio-economic regions of China. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted and self-administered questionnaires were sent to all health care workers (a total of 66) providing cervical cancer screening services in 6 county level MCH hospitals in Liaoning, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces, representing eastern, central and western regions of China; 64 (97.0%, 64/66) of the workers responded. ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to compare the knowledge rate and scores in subgroups. Results: The knowledge level of the respondents was generally low. The overall combined knowledge rate was 46.9%. The knowledge rates for risk factors, prevention, clinical symptoms, screening and diagnostic tests and understanding of positive results were 31.3%, 37.5%, 18.1%, 56.3% and 84.4%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in scores or rates of CC knowledge were seen across the different regions. The total and sectional scores in the less developed regions were statistically significantly lower than in the other regions. Conclusions: The majority of the health care workers who provide CC screening service in NCCSPRA at county level MCH hospitals do not have adequately equipped with knowledge about CC. Given the importance of knowledge to the program's success in reducing CC burden in rural women in China, efforts are needed to improve the knowledge of health care workers, especially in less developed regions.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.302-318
• /
• 2008

This study had the following four objectives: a) to measure the quality attributes of school foodservice based on responses of students, parents, and faculty members, b) to compare the quality attributes by city and province, c) to analyze the overall satisfaction of the respondents, and d) to identify the effects of the quality attributes on overall satisfaction by city and province. Questionnaires were distributed to 5,560 students, 1,920 parents, and 1,920 faculty members, and were collected using on/off-line mail (collection rate: 100%). The data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis. From the quality attributes analysis, 'providing information on foodservice' was perceived as being performed well by the students (78.8), parents (76.0), and faculty (87.7). However, 'pleasant foodservice environment' was given low scores by the students (62.4), and 'entertains suggestions offered to foodservice' was perceived as low by 66.1% of the parents and 74.9% of the faculty. Upon comparing the quality attributes by city and province, the majority of scores by students and parents in Busan were significantly higher than those of students and parents in others geographical areas. The overall satisfaction levels (scores) were as follows: 66.4 for students, 70.0 for parents and, 76.8 for faculty. Finally, in the regression results, which showed the effects of the quality attributes on overall satisfaction by city and province, improvements of 'food taste', 'kindness offered by employees', and 'menu variety' would increase satisfaction in most cities and provinces. However, other identified attributes were significantly different among the 16 cities and provinces that were examined. Therefore, these regions will need to make different efforts to improve customer satisfaction for school foodservice.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제59권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

Leptotrombidium scutellare is one of the 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China. It has been found in more than 15 provinces of China. Especially in Yunnan, it was found to be mainly distributed in some mountainous areas with high altitude, low temperature and low precipitation. Rodents and some other small mammals were the most common hosts of L. scutellare. To date, more than 40 host species of L. scutellare have been recorded with very low host specificity, and the main hosts varied in different geographical regions. L. scutellare had a strong resistance against the cold environment, and the temperature and humidity were 2 important factors affecting its growth and development. Among different individuals of their rodent hosts, L. scutellare mites often showed an aggregated distribution pattern, which reflected the interspecific cooperation of the mites. The chromosome karyotype of L. scutellare was 2n=16 and all the 8 pairs of chromosomes were short rod-shaped with metacentric or sub-metacentric types. The isozyme spectrum supported that L. scutellare, L. deliense and L. rubellum were in the same species group. Based on the natural infection, experimental transmission and epidemiological evidence, L. scutellare has been eventually confirmed as the second major vector of scrub typhus in China, which is second only to L. deliense.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2014

The prevalence of helminthic infections was surveyed on a total of 6,178 residents (males 2,549 and females 3,629) in 102 villages of 9 provinces in Lao PDR between 2007 and 2011 under the project of Korea-Laos Collaborative Project for Control of Foodborne Trematode Infections in Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear and Stoll's egg counting techniques. The overall liver/intestinal helminth egg positive rate was 71.9% with a single or mixed infections with Opisthorchis viverrini and minute intestinal flukes (Ov/MIF), Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, Trichostrongylus sp., echinostomes, Taenia spp., and others. Ov/MIF revealed the highest prevalence (55.6%) followed by hookworms (27.8%) and T. trichiura (6.5%). The endemic regions with the highest prevalence of Ov/MIF were Savannakhet, Khammouane, Vientiane (Nam Ngum), Champasak (Khong Island), and Saravane Province. High prevalences of A. lumbricoides (33.8%), hookworms (47.8%), and T. trichiura (32.6%) were observed in Phongsaly, Luang Prabang, and Vientiane (Nam Ngum) areas, respectively. The results of this study highlight helminth parasites of current public health significance in different areas of Lao PDR.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.521-532
• /
• 2021

Knowledge and better understanding of functions of the microbial community are pivotal for crop management. This study was conducted to study bacterial structures including Acidovorax species community structures and diversity from the watermelon cultivated soils in different regions of South Korea. In this study, soil samples were collected from watermelon cultivation areas from various places of South Korea and microbiome analysis was performed to analyze bacterial communities including Acidovorax species community. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed by extracting genomic DNA from 92 soil samples from 8 different provinces using a fast genomic DNA extraction kit. NGS data analysis results revealed that, total, 39,367 operational taxonomic unit (OTU), were obtained. NGS data results revealed that, most dominant phylum in all the soil samples was Proteobacteria (37.3%). In addition, most abundant genus was Acidobacterium (1.8%) in all the samples. In order to analyze species diversity among the collected soil samples, OTUs, community diversity, and Shannon index were measured. Shannon (9.297) and inverse Simpson (0.996) were found to have the highest diversity scores in the greenhouse soil sample of Gyeonggi-do province (GG4). Results from NGS sequencing suggest that, most of the soil samples consists of similar trend of bacterial community and diversity. Environmental factors play a key role in shaping the bacterial community and diversity. In order to address this statement, further correlation analysis between soil physical and chemical parameters with dominant bacterial community will be carried out to observe their interactions.