• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.302-309
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• 2014

In this study, the characteristics of soybeans with different cultivation methods depending on their origins and the properties of tofu made from these soybeans were studied. The isoflavone content was higher in the general Korean soybeans compared to the organic American soybeans. There were no significant differences among the Chinese soybean samples, so the cultivar method was considered to have a greater effect on the isoflavone contents rather than the cultivation method. The protein contents were higher in the tofu made from the general Chinese soybeans and the organic Korean soybeans. Furthermore, the tofu made from the organic Chinese soybeans contained the least amount of proteins. Isoflavone contents were not significantly different among the samples. Texture profile analyses consisting of hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, springiness, and gumminess were all shown to be higher in the organic tofu than in general tofu, with the exception of adhesiveness. In sensory evaluation, color and texture were significantly different according to the samples, and the differences were found to be affected more by the origin of soybeans rather than the cultivation methods. According to this study, the physicochemical properties of the soybeans and tofu seemed to be influenced by the cultivation region rather than the methods.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.322-328
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• 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate potential of Hypsizygus marmoreus (brown cultivar) as a functional food and drug materials. H. marmoreus were divided into pileus and stipe and extracted in hot water and 80% ethanol. The total polyphenol content was highest in the hot water extracts (pileus 17.15±0.19 mg of GAE g, stipe 7.37±0.16 mg of GAE/g) and pileus compared to the ethanol extracts (pileus 10.23±0.14 mg of GAE/g, stipe 3.76.±0.19 mg of GAE/g) and stipe. Also, hot water extracts of pileus from H. marmoreus (brown cultivar) was more effective DPPH, ABTS, ORAC value, reducing power than ethanol extracts and stipe extracts. The pileus and stipe extracts were confirmed to be non-cytotoxic in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 determined by WST-1 (4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulphonate) assay. Overall, extracts of H. marmoreus (brown cultivar) was higher antioxidant activity than other mushrooms, and no cytotoxicity. Therefore, H. marmoreus (brown cultivar) showed potential as a functional food and drug materials. The brown cultivar of H. marmoreus have higher antioxidant activity than white cultivar, H. marmoreus seem to have different antioxidant activity depending on the cultivar.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2023

A new spore-less cultivar Lentinula edodes 'Daedam' was bred from monokaryotic strains of 'LE15401-24' and 'LE192118-10'. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of 'Daedam' on potato dextrose agar was 22~25℃. Total cultivation period of the new cultivar, from inoculation to its first harvest, was 134 days, similar to that of the control cultivar 'Hwadam'. Total yield of 'Daedam' was 222g per 3kg substrate, and was lower than that of control cultivar(266.0g). The fruiting body of 'Daedam' had a thick and small pileus and a longer stem compare to control cultivar. As a result of a analyzing the productivity of 'Daedam' on the different substrate types, the biological efficiency was 26.7% in the 1.2kg cylindrical substrate(CS), which was higher than that of the 3kg rod-type substrate(RS). 'Daedam' had a similar yield compared to 'Hanacham' in first fruiting body production, but the cultivation period was 40 days shorter. Therefore, 'Daedam' can only harvest fruiting bodies once, it is thought that it can be used as spore-less oak mushroom cultivar for short-term cultivation instead of 'Hanacham' in mushroom farms.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.740-746
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• 2006

The proximates, vitamin C, minerals, and fatty acids of five potato cultivars were evaluated by AOAC methods, the hydrazine method, ICP-AES, and gas chromatography, respectively. The proximate analyses; vitamin C, reducing sugar, and soluble solid contents; and mineral and fatty acid compositions were significantly different among the five cultivars. The Superior cultivar contained a higher carbohydrate content and higher Ca/P ratio and lower levels of crude protein and Na. The Atlantic cultivar contained significantly higher amount of energy, carbohydrate, reducing sugar, vitamin C, SEA, and MUFA, and significantly lower amount of minerals and PUFA. The Shepody cultivar contained significantly higher amount of carbohydrate and MUFA, and significantly lower amount of soluble solid, vitamin C, and SFA. In addition, the P, Fe, Mg, Cu, and Al levels were significantly higher in Shepody, and Zn content was significantly lower. The Jopung cultivar contained significantly higher levels of moisture and Na, and significantly lower levels of soluble content, reducing sugar, carbohydrate, crude protein, and fat. Finally, the Namsuh cultivar contained significantly higher amount of soluble solid, crude protein, K, Mg, and Al, and significantly lower amount of reducing sugar.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2010

Biological and structural mechanisms of the nematode disease development in chili pepper caused by the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were investigated. Out of 39 chili pepper cultivars/lines tested, six were found resistant, while 33 were susceptible to M. incognita, of which a susceptible cultivar Chilseongcho and three resistant cultivar/lines CM334, 02G132 and 03G53 with different resistance degrees were selected for microscopic studies on the disease development. Gall formation was greatly reduced in the resistant cultivars/lines. Nematode penetration occurred both in the susceptible and resistant chili pepper roots; however, the penetration rates were significantly lowered in the three resistant peppers compared to the susceptible pepper cv. Chilseongcho. In the susceptible pepper, giant cells were extensively formed with no discernible necrosis around the nematode feeding sites. In the highly resistant pepper cultivar CM334, no giant cell was formed, but extensive necrosis formation was observed around the penetrating nematodes. In the other two resistant pepper lines (02G132 and 03G53), both giant cells and prominent necroses were formed, and the necrotic responses appeared to inhibit the further development of giant cells or accelerate their early degeneration. Although the nematode penetration was retarded significantly in the resistant cultivar/lines, all of the above results suggest that the disease resistance of pepper may be related to post-infectional defense mechanisms (nematode growth and development) more than pre-infectional ones (penetration and establishment). Variations in structural modifications in the resistant cultivar/lines may reflect their genetic differences related to the nematode resistance.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 1999

To investigate the hormetic effect of the low dose ${\gamma}-ray$, soybean(Glycine max L.) seeds of three cultivars (Hwangkeumkong, Bansakong, S900 cv.) were irradiated with the dose of 0.5∼20.0 Gy and cultivated in the experimental field. The hormetic effects of the low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ on the growth of field experiment were different from each cultivar, that is, more effective in the S900 cultivar of black seedcoat color than in the Hwangkeumkong and Bangsakong of yellow ones. The germination rate of S900 cultivar increased about 30% in the 0.5Gy irradiated group compared with that of the control. The plant height of the 4.0Gy irradiated group in both Bangsakong and S900 cultivar increased 15% more than that of the control. Grain yield and the number of pod in 1.0 Gy and 4.0 Gy irradiated group of S900 cultivar and that of 2.0 Gy irradiated group of Hwangkeumkong increased 25 and 35% on the average, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.482-487
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• 2019

Background: The mixed-cultivation of different Panax ginseng cultivars can cause adverse effects on stability of yield and quality. K-1 is a superior cultivar with good root shape and stronger disease resistance. DNA markers mined from functional genes are clearly desirable for K-1, as they may associate with major traits and can be used for marker-assisted selection to maintain the high quality of Korean ginseng. Methods: Five genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins of P. ginseng were amplified and compared for polymorphism mining. Primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of PR5 protein were analyzed by ExPASy-ProtParam, PSSpred, and I-TASSER methods, respectively. A coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based specific primer was designed for K-1 by introducing a destabilizing mismatch within the 3' end. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time allele-specific PCR assays were conducted for molecular discrimination of K-1 from other cultivars and landraces. Results: A coding SNP leading to the modification of amino acid residue from aspartic acid to asparagine was exploited in PR5 gene of K-1 cultivar. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the modification of amino acid residue changed the secondary and tertiary structures of the PR5 protein. Primer KSR was designed for specific discrimination of K-1 from other ginseng cultivars and landraces. The developed real-time allele-specific PCR assay enabled easier automation and accurate genotyping of K-1 from a large number of ginseng samples. Conclusion: The SNP marker and the developed real-time allele-specific PCR assay will be useful not only for marker-assisted selection of K-1 cultivar but also for quality control in breeding and seed programs of P. ginseng.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2000

This study was conducted to test a hypothesis that sensitivity of trees to ozone exposure was related to their growth rates. Two cultivars of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa with different genetic growth potential were used for the comparison. Two clones(72-30, 72-16) of cultivar No. 4 with fast growing potential and three clones(71-28, 72-27, 72-19) of cultivar No. 2 with slow growing potential were propagated in early spring by cutting in $2-{\ell}$ plastic pots. They were grown outdoor for 5 months and exposed in late August for 30 days to 70 and 130ppb ozone in a open-top chambers(2.5m in diameter and 2m in height). Ozone concentration in a control chamber was maintained below 30ppb by filtering with activated charcoal. Each treatment was replicated twenty times. In a control chamber, cultivar No. 4 grew 73%, 64%, and 38% faster than cultivar No. 2 in leaf weight, root weight, and total dry weight, respectively. Visible injury was observed only in cultivar No. 4 in 130ppb treatment. Ozone treatment at both 70 and 130ppb decreased height growth, dry weight of leaf, root, and entire plants in all five clones. Particularly root growth was reduced by 39.7% and 13.8% in cultivar No. 4 and No. 2, respectively, in 70ppb treatment. Consequently, shoot/root ratio of cultivar No.4 was increased by 63.4%, while that of cultivar No.2 was increased by 22.1%. Stomatal conductance decreased more in cultivar No.4 than in cultivar No.2. Net photosynthesis of cultivar No.4 at 130ppb ozone decreased by 69.5%, while that of cultivar No.2 decreased by 31.5%. Above mentioned physiological responses of two cultivars to ozone strongly suggested that fast growing cultivar No.4 was more sensitive to ozone than slow growing cultivar No.2. It was concluded that sensitivity of trees to ozone exposure was closely related to their growth rates.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.355-366
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• 2014

In this study, resistance responses were investigated during the interaction of Botrytis fabae with two faba bean cultivars expressing different levels of resistance against this pathogen, Nubaria (resistant) and Giza 40 (susceptible). Disease severity was assessed on leaves using a rating scale from 1 to 9. Accumulation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) were measured in leaf tissues at different times of infection. The expression profiles of two pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs) encoded by the genes PR-1 and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase were also investigated using reverse transcription RT-PCR analysis. The accumulation of these defense responses was induced significantly in both cultivars upon infection with B. fabae compared with un-inoculated controls. The resistant cultivar showed weaker necrotic symptom expression, less ROS accumulation, a lower rate of lipid peroxidation and higher activity of the enzymatic ROS scavenging system compared with susceptible cultivar. Interestingly, ROS accumulated rapidly in the resistant leaf tissues and peaked during the early stages of infection, whereas accumulation was stronger and more intense in the susceptible tissues in later stages. Moreover, the response of the resistant cultivar to infection was earlier and stronger, exhibiting high transcript accumulation of the PR genes. These results indicated that the induction of oxidant/antioxidant responses and the accumulation of PRPs are part of the faba bean defense mechanism against the necrotrophic fungus B. fabae with a different intensity and timing of induction, depending on the resistance levels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.286-286
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• 2017

We conducted to compare the characteristics of rice flours according to the different milling processes. Five rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) with different amylose content were prepared by wet and dry milling processes. The moisture contents of wet-milled rice flours (WMR) was mostly three-time higher than those of dry-milled flours (DMR). Water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and swelling power (SP) increased in proportion to temperature ($50-90^{\circ}C$). WAI, WSI, SP of DMR showed higher value than those of WMR. Baeokchal (BOC) which is waxy rice cultivar was significantly high level of WSI. Pasting properties of DMR except BOC cultivar resulted in higher peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and Setback. The levels of resistant starch in the four cultivars except Dodamssal (DDS) were under 1% irrespective of Milling processes, whereas the resistant starch contents of DMR and WMR in DDS was 9.18 and 6.27, respectively. Damaged starch content of WMR were less than those of DMR, moreover, negative correlation was observed between amylose content and damaged starch of rice cultivars. These results suggest that the properties of rice flour varied depending on the milling methods and varieties, and it could be a reference for selecting the appropriate processing purposes.