• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.662-669
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related disease are drawing a lot of attention in Korea as one of the serious health problems. Bone health status may be influenced by the general dietary quality and dietary pattern. SUBJECTS/METHODS: To determine the relationship between dietary quality and intake patterns and bone health status, the %RNI, NAR, DDS, and food group intake patterns were assessed according to their bone health status for 847 postmenopausal women using the 2010 KNHANES data after eliminating those of likely changing their diet under the advice of doctors or those taking estrogen. RESULTS: Bone health became worse as dietary quality deteriorated. All NAR and %RNI values were highly associated with bone health levels and the consumption frequency of Ca sources, DDS and the food group intake patterns also confirmed the findings. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that dietary quality and dietary patterns were important for bone health. Nutritional education on eating foods from the five basic food groups has to be emphasized to prevent osteoporosis among older women.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2004

A cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted to evaluate vitamin C nutritional status by assessing dietary intake and blood vitamin C level and to identify the relationships between dietary vitamin C intake, serum vitamin C level and blood lead level in Korean lead workers. The study population was 118 lead workers from two battery manufacturing factories and 63 non-lead-exposed controls. A food consumption survey was conducted by the 24-hr recall method to determine the dietary vitamin C intake level. The anthropometric measurements, blood collection, and survey were performed between September and November, 2000. Blood lead levels and serum vitamin C levels were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Vitamin C nutritional status of Korean lead workers was lower than that of the control group, in terms of both dietary intake and the biochemical index: the mean daily dietary intake level of vitamin C of lead workers was 65.9mg (94% RDA), while that of controls was 132.6mg(189% RDA) ; and the serum vitamin C status of lead workers (0.10mg/dl) was significantly lower than that of controls (1.08mg/dl ; p<0.001). Both dietary vitamin C intake and serum vitamin C levels showed a significant negative correlation with blood lead level (p<0.001), which indicates that strategies of dietary management to promote the health of Korean lead workers should focus on promoting the vitamin C intakes of individuals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.683-696
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• 2019

This study examined the nutritional status and dietary behaviors of university students in Gangwon-do as well as the effects of dietary education on them. Forty college students were recruited, and their dietary lifestyle was examined using an Adult NQ questionnaire before and after dietary education. The questionnaire items were grouped into four categories: balance, diversity, moderation, and dietary behavior. The mean NQ score out of 100 was 48.00. Among the three grades of the NQ grade criteria, most subjects (50%) were in the lowest grade, which was poor. The mean scores of the NQ factors were highest for moderation (68.76%), followed in order by diversity (50.81%), dietary behavior (45.66%), and balance (21.01%). Compared to the criterion value, moderation was only good, and balance was the worst. These results suggest that the nutritional status of the subjects is poor. On the other hand, there was a significant change in the areas of the NQ score (53.7), balance (29.22) and dietary behavior (56.77) after dietary education. Nevertheless, the 'balance' area remained lower than the average, highlighting the need for education on food intake to enable diverse food intake.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to assess the dietary and nutritional status of thiamin in fourty-two elderly women. Dietary intake was determined by 24hour recall method and nutritional status of thiamin was determined by measurement of transketolase activity in erythrocytes. Average dietary intake of energy and thiamin were found to be low, and not more than 78% and 63.2% of Recommended dietary allowances(RDA) respectively. Transketolase activity in erythrocytes was distributed in the range of 0.227-0.589mU/mgHb and the mean value and 0.434mU/mgHb. The mean value of Thiamin pyrophosphate effect(TPP effect) was 24.0% and the range was from 9.36% to 83.9%. It appeared that 95% of 42 elderly women were severely or marginally deficient in thiamin status, showing 22 persons to be above 20% and 18 persons to be 15-20% of TPP effect. Transketolase activity and TPP effect did not show any significant correlation with dietary thiamin intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.671-677
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to evaluate nutritional status and dietary intake of vitamin A in 5th and 6th grade primary school children in Chungbuk. Also the relationships between nutritional status and factors relevant to dietary intake of vitamin A were examined. For the study, total 180 children in urban area of Chongju city(37 boys and 40 girls) and rural area of Eumsong gun(56 boys and 47 girls) were recruited. For the assessment of dietary nutrients intake including vitamin A, 1-day, 24-hr recall method was applied. And serum retinol contents were analyzed by HPLC to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A. The average of daily vitamin A intake was 490R.E., 81.8% of RDA. Vitamin A intake of urban was higher than that of rural children(p < 0.001). Of the total dietary vitamin A intake, only 25.8% came from animal retinol, means that children still heavily depend on plant carotenoids as vitamin A floods. The average serum retinol concentration of total 180 children was 37.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml. Serum retinol concentration of urban children was 37.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1, significantly higher than rural children of 35.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1(p < 0.05). According to the biochemical criteria, no one was in critical vitamin A nutritional status. Because of relatively large day-to-day vitamin A intake, 1-day, 24-hr recall method may not be the proper way to assess the usual intake of vitamin A. In conclusion , to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A by dietary survey, it is necessary to develop new survey technique which measure the dietary habit of the people.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.660-672
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary habit and nutritional status by household income in female adults, using data from the $4^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007~2009). Subjects were 8,356 women over the age of 20 years. The subjects were classified into 4 groups by household income level. Dietary data from 24 hr recall methods were used to analyze nutritional status. The obesity rate of the low income group was significantly higher than the rates of other income groups. Additionally, the nutritional status of the low income group was worse than those of other groups. The percentage of carbohydrate in total energy intake was higher and food security status was lower in the low income group than in other groups. Awareness and adherence to dietary guidelines were also lower in the low income group. Adherence to a dietary guideline of 'avoiding salty foods and trying to eat foods with bland taste' and 'eating a variety of foods from each food group' were lower than those of other groups. However, the frequency of skipping breakfast among the low income group was lower than that of others. Therefore, this study suggested that low income women should decrease the percentage of carbohydrate in total energy intake and adhere to dietary guidelines, especially those of avoiding salty foods and eating a variety of food groups, in order to improve their nutritional status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.416-425
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress, dietary habits, dietary behaviors, and health-related behavior of nurses. Method: The subjects of this study were 161 nurses studying at a cyber university. The general characteristics, stress, dietary habits, dietary behaviors, and health-related behavior of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire in October, 2010. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the working pattern: shift workers (n = 110) and non-shift workers (n = 51). Results: In the general characteristics, there were significant differences in marriage, monthly income, employment type, and job satisfaction between the two groups. Total stress score did not differ significantly between the two groups. In dietary habits, significant differences in meal regularity, skipping meals, skipping reasons, having regular mealtimes, frequency of snack and the snack time between shift workers and non-shift workers (p<0.05). Total score of dietary behaviors in shift workers was significantly lower than that in non-shift workers (p<0.05). Score of shift workers in taking three meals per day regularly was significantly lower than that of non-shift workers. In health-related behavior, a significant difference in sleeping time was observed between shift workers and non-shift workers. Dietary behavior showed negative correlation with shift work (r = 0.176) and positive correlation with health consciousness (r = 0.210) and perceived health status (r = 0.198) in subjects after adjustment for age, marriage, monthly income, and employment type (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that shift work, health consciousness, and perceived health status affected dietary behavior in subjects. Conclusion: These results indicate that shift working nurses had poor dietary habits and dietary behaviors, and these dietary behaviors are affected by their shift work, health consciousness, and perceive health status.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of dietary compliance, nutritional status, and stages of disease in patients with liver cirrhosis and to identify the relationships among those variables. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and conducted a survey of 100 patients who were treated at D-university hospital in Busan. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients were performed using SPSS/WINdow 20.0 program. Results: The mean score of dietary compliance was 3.50 in the a 5-point scale. Stage of disease was significantly correlated with dietary compliance (r=.20, p=.048), and protein as one of nutritional status (r=-.44, p<.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that dietary compliance of patients with liver cirrhosis can have an influence on prognosis of disease. Therefore, patients should be encouraged to improve dietary compliance from the early stage of liver cirrhosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.240-251
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• 2012

Assessment regarding the nutritional status of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is important because their nutritional status influences the outcome of disease. The purpose of this study investigated the dietary habits, dietary quality, and quality of life for Korean PD patients according to their nutritional status. Seventy PD patients were recruited from K University Hospital (KMC IRB#0918-07) from February 2010 to October 2011. To diagnose PD, the United Kingdom Parkinson's Society Brain Bank standards were used by a neurology physician. The participants were interviewed and assessed using various tools, including a general questionnaire, anthropometrics, questionnaires for dietary habits, dietary diversity score (DVS), dietary variety score (DVS), diet quality index-international (DQI-I), beck depression inventory (BDI), the Korean version of mini mental state examination (K-MMSE), and 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). The results of the study were as follows: 1) Most of the PD patients (69.0%) were at risk of malnutrition, and 8.5% and 22.5% of the subjects were malnourished and well-nourished, respectively. 2) Clinical symptoms (swallowing and chewing difficulties) were obvious, and the quality of diet (DDS, DVS, DQI-I) was low in the malnourished group (p < 0.01). 3) The malnourished group had significantly lower scores regarding SF-36 (quality of life) as well as that of cognitive function (p < 0.05). 4) The nutritional status of PD patients was significantly correlated with their depression (p < 0.05) and quality of life (p < 0.01). These results indicate that appropriate nutritional management will improve the nutritional status and quality of life as well as the cognitive function in Parkinson's disease patients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.814-823
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status of the elderly women, who attended the Health Promotion Program of the Seogu Health Center in Daegu. The study subjects were 158 elderly women in an urban community. The general characteristics, dietary behavior (nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitudes and dietary habits), food and nutrient intake were surveyed by an individual interview. The average age of the study subjects was 70.9 $\pm$ 2.3 years of the subject group 79.1% ranged in age from 65 to 74 years and 20.9% were over 75 years. Their average score for nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitudes and dietary habits was 7.3 (total mark of 10), 7.2 (total mark of 10) and 9.1 (total mark of 22) respectively. Specifically, the level of the dietary habits of the study subjects was very low. In relation to food group intake of the study subjects according to age, their food intake was low. The total, plant. and animal food intake were 1078.9 g, 954.4 g (88.5%), and 244.4 g (11.5%), respectively. The mean daily energy intake and nutrient intake according to percentage of the Korean RDA were higher in the from 65 to 74 year group than in those people over 75 years. The average calories and the mean percentage of nutrient intake, except for vitamin C and phosphorus. were below 75% of the Korean RDA. It seems that the nutrient intake was very low. The mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.59. Nutritional status of age over 75 years old was significantly lower than that of 6574 years old group (Mar ＝ 0.60 VS 0.54, p ＜ 0.05) The correlation coefficients between their dietary behavior (nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitudes, dietary habit) and their mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) showed significant linear relations. In conclusion, if nutritional education is to affect the dietary behavior of elderly women, it should be included in a Program to Promote their nutrition and health status.