• 제목/요약/키워드: dietary shift

검색결과 49건 처리시간 0.027초

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Negatively Regulates TR4 Activity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

  • Choi, Ho-Jung;Kim, Eung-Seok
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.381-388
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    • 2011
  • Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) play key roles in lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the effect of CLA on the transcriptional activity of TR4, an orphan nuclear receptor that plays an important role in lipid homeostasis. CLA increased TR4 gene mRNA level in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but inhibited TR4 transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. TR4 induced perilipin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating perilipin promoter activity. In a gel shift assay, TR4 bound direct to the putative TR4 response element in the perilipin promoter. Interestingly, CLA reduced the interaction between TR4 and consensus DR1, a well-known TR4 binding site. Additionally, CLA inhibited TR4-induced perilipin promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Together, our results suggest that CLA may play a role in lipid homeostasis in adipocytes by functionally regulating TR4.

식이지질의 조절이 흰쥐 적출관류간장에 의한 Ethoxycoumarin 대사기능에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Dietary Lipid on Ethoxycoumarin Metabolism in Isolated Perfused Rat Liver)

  • 이기완
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.485-495
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    • 1991
  • Using isolated perfused livers obtained from rats that have been fed saturated and unsatu-rated fatty acid diets the rates of hepatic microsomal oxidation of 7-ethoxycoumarin(EC) to 7-hydroxycoumarin(HC) and the rates of subsequent conjugation of the produced HC to its glucuronide and sulfate esters have been determined. Prior to preparing the isolated perfused livers. rats were fed either fat free diet 10% beef tallow diet or 10% corn oil diet for 3 weeks. The rates of oxidation from EC to HC and also of the subsequent glucuronidation of HC were higher in the corn oil diet group than those found for the fat free and beef tallow diet groups. When the concentrations of infusing EC were increased stepwise there was a dose-dependnet increase for the release of the glucuronide form of HC metabolites at the expense of the sulfate ester form. This dose dependant shift observed for the corn oil group was more significnat than those found for other groups. These results indicate that corn oil feeding has produced enhancement in the rates of hepatic microsomal drug oxidation and glucuronide conjugation the reactions catalyzed by enzymes embedded in the hepatic microsomal membranes.

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광주지역 제조업 근로자의 근무형태가 식습관에 미치는 영향 (Effect of working patterns on eating habits in manufacturing workers of Gwangju area)

  • 임지숙;허영란;정은;이재준
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제49권6호
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    • pp.495-505
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 산업체에 근무하는 직장인의 근무형태별 특성을 살펴보고 그에 따라 식습관에는 어떠한 상관관계가 있는지 알아보고자 광주광역시 광산구에 소재한 K 제조 공장에 재직 중인 근로자를 대상으로 식습관과 직무스트레스에 관한 설문조사를 실시하고, 이를 토대로 하여 근무형태에 따른 식습관 특성을 살펴보았다. 연구대상자의 나이는 40~49세 및 50세 이상이 가장 많았으며 근무기간은 근무형태와 상관없이 대부분 10년 이상의 경력에 하루 평균 8~10시간을 근무하였다. 단순분석에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 연령, 근무기간, 평균근무시간, 교육수준, 가족월 평균수입, 주관적 건강인식, 중등도 신체활동여부, 음주량, 흡연량, 수면시간, 이상지질혈증 처음진단시기를 보정하여 조사대상자들의 식습관, 카페인 섭취량, 직무스트레스 정도를 분석한 결과 평소의 식사량에 대해 비교대근무 근로자가 $1.4{\pm}0.9$, 교대근무 근로자가 $1.1{\pm}0.5$로 나타나 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p < 0.001), 균형 잡힌 식사 정도는 비교대근무 근로자가 $1.5{\pm}0.6$, 교대근무 근로자 $1.3{\pm}0.4$로 유의한 차이가 나타났다 (p = 0.005). '채소 섭취'는 비교대근무 근로자가 $1.9{\pm}0.7$, 교대 근무 근로자 $1.7{\pm}0.5$로 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p = 0.024), '해조류 섭취' 역시 비교대근무 근로자자 $1.7{\pm}0.6$, 교대근무 근로자 $1.5{\pm}0.4$로 교대근무자에 비하여 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.049). 반면 '1일 3끼의 식사 중 거르는 일이 있습니까'는 비교대근무에서 $2.1{\pm}0.8$ 교대근무에서 $2.5{\pm}0.5$로 식습관 조사 항목 중 유일하게 교대근무 근로자에서 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.001). 또한 근무형태별 식습관 점수 합계는 비교대근무 $16.1{\pm}0.6$, 교대근무 $14.0{\pm}0.3$으로 비교대근무 근로자가 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.035). 직무요구도에서 받는 직무스트레스 정도는 비교대근무에서 $46.2{\pm}2.6$, 교대근무에서 $34.0{\pm}1.4$로 비교대근무에서 유의하게 높게 나타났으며 (p = 0.001), 직무 자율성 결여는 교대 근무 근로자가 $50.7{\pm}1.0$, 비교대근무 근로자가 $44.2{\pm}1.0$으로 교대근무 근로자가 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.001). 조직적 관리체계에 대한 직무 스트레스는 교대근무 $57.0{\pm}1.2$, 비교대근무 $50.9{\pm}2.0$로 교대근무 근로자에서 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.036). 연구대상자들의 직무스트레스 정도에 따른 제요인 분석은 스트레스 정도의 총합으로부터 정도에 따라 백분위수로 구분하여 분석하였다. 직무스트레스를 가장 적게 받는 근무형태는 교대근무 근로자로 28.1%를 나타냈고, 직무스트레스를 가장 많이 받는 근무형태는 교대근무 근로자에 비해 비교대근무 근로자가 39.7%로 나타나 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.001). 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 교대근무 근로자는 중등도 신체활동과 음주량 및 흡연자가 비교대근무 근로자에 비해 높았으며, 식습관도 좋지 않았다. 사무직을 포함하는 비교대근무 근로자는 교대근무 근로자들에 비해 신체활동이 적고, 직무스트레스를 더 많이 받으며, 식습관은 다소 높게 나타났으나, 전반적인 식습관 평가 점수는 비교대근무 근로자와 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과에도 불구하고 본 연구의 제한점 및 제언은 다음과 같다. 설문조사가 재직근로자의 일부에 국한되었고, 대상자들의 설문결과 근무형태와 무관하게 전반적으로 이상지질혈증 유병률이 높게 나타났으며, 사무직과 생산직 근로자를 포함한 비교대 근로자가 생산직 교대 근무자들에 비해 식행동이 바람직하지 못하고, 직무스트레스를 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으나, 본 연구가 단면연구로서 서로의 인과관계를 유추하기에는 한계가 있었다. 따라서 후속연구로는 사무직과 생산직에 근무하는 비교대 근로자 간에, 혹은 생산직에만 근무하는 비교대 근로자와 교대근로자 간의 식습관과 직무스트레스 차이를 비교하는 세분화된 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Interaction of Resveratrol and Genistein with Nucleic Acids

  • Usha, Subbiah;Johnson, Irudayam Maria;Malathi, Raghunathan
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.198-205
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    • 2005
  • Resveratrol (RES) and genistein (GEN) are the dietary natural products known to possess chemopreventive property and also the ability to repair DNA damage induced by mutagens/carcinogens. It is believed that the therapeutic activity of these compounds could be primarily due to their interaction with nucleic acids but detailed reports are not available. We here explore the interaction of these drugs with nucleic acids considering DNA and RNA as a potential therapeutic target. The interaction of RES and GEN has been analysed in buffered solution with DNA [saline sodium citrate (SSC)] and RNA [tris ethylene diammine tetra acetic acid (TE)] using UV-absorption and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The UV analysis revealed lesser binding affinity with nucleic acids at lower concentration of RES (P/D = 5.00 and 10.00), while at higher drug concentration (P/D = 0.75, 1.00 and 2.50) hyperchromic effect with shift in the ${\lambda}_{max}$ is noted for DNA and RNA. A major RES-nucleic acids complexes was observed through base pairs and phosphate backbone groups with K = $35.782\;M^{-1}$ and K = $34.25\;M^{-1}$ for DNA-RES and RNA-RES complexes respectively. At various concentrations of GEN (P/D = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 2.50) hyperchromicity with shift in the ${\lambda}_{max}$ from 260 $\rightarrow$ 263 om and 260 $\rightarrow$ 270 nm is observed for DNA-GEN and RNA-GEN complexes respectively. The binding constant (from UV analysis) for GEN-nucleic acids complexes could not be obtained due to GEN absorbance overlap with that of nucleic acids at 260 nm. Nevertheless a detailed analysis with regard to the interaction of these drugs (RES/GEN) with DNA and RNA could feasibly be understood by FTIR spectroscopy. The NH band of free DNA and RNA which appeared at $3550-3100\;cm^{-1}$ and $3650-2700\;cm^{-1}$ shifted to $3450-2950\;cm^{-1}$ and $3550-3000\;cm^{-1}$ in DNA-RES and RNA-RES complexes respectively. Similarly shifts corresponding to $3650-3100\;cm^{-1}$ and $3420-3000\;cm^{-1}$ have been observed in DNA-GEN and RNA-GEN complexes respectively. The observed reduction in NH band of free nucleic acids upon complexation of these drugs is an indication of the involvement of the hydroxyl (OH) and imino (NH) group during the interaction of the drugs and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) through H-bonded formation. The interaction of RES and GEN with bases appears in the order of G $\geq$ T > C > A and A > C $\geq$ T > G. Further interaction of these natural compounds with DNA and RNA is also supported by changes in the vibrational frequency (shift/intensity) in symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching of aromatic rings of drugs in the complex spectra. No appreciable shift is observed in the DNA and RNA marker bands, indicating that the B-DNA form and A-family conformation of RNA are not altered during their interaction with RES and GEN.

Precision feeding and precision nutrition: a paradigm shift in broiler feed formulation?

  • Moss, Amy F.;Chrystal, Peter V.;Cadogan, David J.;Wilkinson, Stuart J.;Crowley, Tamsyn M.;Choct, Mingan
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제34권3_spc호
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    • pp.354-362
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    • 2021
  • Broiler chickens grow rapidly, and their nutrient requirements change daily. However, broilers are fed three to five diet phases, meaning nutrients are under or oversupplied throughout production. Increasing diet phases improves production efficiency as there is less time in the production cycle that nutrients are in under or over-supply. Nevertheless, the process of administering four or more diets is costly and often impractical. New technologies are now available to blend feed to match the daily nutrient requirements of broilers. Thus, the aim of this review is to evaluate previous studies measuring the impact of increasing feed phases on nutrient utilisation and growth performance, and review recent studies taking this concept to the extreme; precision nutrition - feeding a new diet for each day of the production cycle. This review will also discuss how modern precision feeding technologies have been utilised and the potential that new technologies may bring to the poultry industry. The development of a precision nutrition regime which targets daily requirements by blending dietary components on farm is anticipated to improve the efficiency of production, reduce production cost and therefore improve sustainability of the industry. There is also potential for precision feeding technology along with precision nutrition strategies to deliver a plethora of other management and economic benefits. These include increased fluidity to cope with sudden environmental or market changes, and the ability to alter diets on a farm by farm level in a large, integrated operation. Thus, the future possibilities and practical implications for such technologies to generate a paradigm shift in feed formulation within the poultry industry to meet the rising demand for animal protein is also discussed.

Image-based Soft Drink Type Classification and Dietary Assessment System Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Transfer Learning

  • Rubaiya Hafiz;Mohammad Reduanul Haque;Aniruddha Rakshit;Amina khatun;Mohammad Shorif Uddin
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.158-168
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    • 2024
  • There is hardly any person in modern times who has not taken soft drinks instead of drinking water. The rate of people taking soft drinks being surprisingly high, researchers around the world have cautioned from time to time that these drinks lead to weight gain, raise the risk of non-communicable diseases and so on. Therefore, in this work an image-based tool is developed to monitor the nutritional information of soft drinks by using deep convolutional neural network with transfer learning. At first, visual saliency, mean shift segmentation, thresholding and noise reduction technique, collectively known as 'pre-processing' are adopted to extract the location of drinks region. After removing backgrounds and segment out only the desired area from image, we impose Discrete Wavelength Transform (DWT) based resolution enhancement technique is applied to improve the quality of image. After that, transfer learning model is employed for the classification of drinks. Finally, nutrition value of each drink is estimated using Bag-of-Feature (BoF) based classification and Euclidean distance-based ratio calculation technique. To achieve this, a dataset is built with ten most consumed soft drinks in Bangladesh. These images were collected from imageNet dataset as well as internet and proposed method confirms that it has the ability to detect and recognize different types of drinks with an accuracy of 98.51%.

Age-period-cohort Analysis of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Using the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan

  • Okui, Tasuku
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제53권6호
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    • pp.409-418
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: This study conducted an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis of trends in healthy lifestyle behaviors in Japan. Methods: We used National Health and Nutrition Survey data on salt intake and prevalence of smoking, drinking, and physical activity between 1995 and 2018 in Japan. Age groups were defined from 20 years to 69 years old in 10-year increments. Cohorts were defined for each age group of each year with a 1-year shift, and cohorts born in 1926-1935 (first cohort) until 1989-1998 (last cohort) were examined. We conducted a Bayesian APC analysis, calculating estimated values for each behavior by age group, period, and cohort. Results: Estimated salt intake decreased from cohorts born in the 1930s to the 1960s, but increased thereafter in both genders, and the magnitude of increase was larger for men. Estimated smoking prevalence increased in the cohorts starting from the 1930s for men and the 1940s for women, and then decreased starting in the cohorts born in the 1970s for both genders. Although estimated drinking prevalence decreased starting in the cohorts born in approximately 1960 for men, for women it increased until the cohorts born in approximately 1970. Estimated physical activity prevalence decreased starting in the cohorts born in the 1940s in both genders, but the magnitude of decrease was larger for women. Conclusions: Trends in cohort effects differed by gender, which might be related to changes in the social environment for women. Improvements in dietary and exercise habits are required in more recently born cohorts of both genders.

가덕도 주변해역에 출현하는 홍어(Okamejei kenojei)의 식성 (Feeding habits of ocellate spot skate, Okamejei kenojei in the coastal waters of Gadoek-do, Korea)

  • 정재묵;김현지;백근욱;예상진;허성회
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제51권2호
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    • pp.265-271
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    • 2015
  • The feeding habits of Okamejei kenojei were studied using 242 specimens collected from October 2010 to September 2011 in the coastal waters of Gadeok-do, Korea. O. kenojei was carnivorous feeder that consumed mainly shrimps, crabs, and fishes. Its diet also included small quantities of stomatods, cephalopods, amphipods. The size of O. kenojei ranged from 10.4 to 47.4 cm in total length (TL). O. kenojei showed ontogenetic dietary shift. <15.0, 15.0-19.9 cm size classes fed mainly on shrimps and amphipods. 20.0-24.9 cm size class fed mainly shrimps and crabs. Thereafter, shrimps and crabs were decreased with ontogenesis while fishes and cephalopods were increased. Increasing size, the mN/ST were constantly decreased, but mW/ST were constantly increased.

서울지역 20대 커피전문점 교대근무 여성의 식행동 및 식품섭취빈도 비교 (Dietary Behavior and Food Frequency of Females in Their Twenties Working Shifts at Coffee Shops in Seoul)

  • 김수진;이승림;엄애선
    • 한국조리학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.215-229
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 테이크아웃 형태의 커피전문점에 주간과 야간으로 교대 근무를 실시하는 20대 여성 근로자 100명과 주간 근무를 실시하는 20대 여성 사무직 여성 근로자 100명의 식행동과 식품섭취 상태를 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 일반환경 요인은 월 평균 수입(p<0.001)과 재직기간(p<0.001)에서는 실험군이 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 생활습관 및 건강관련 요인은 실험군에서 최근 1년간 체중변화(p<0.001)과 위 장 관련 질환이 유의적(p<0.001)으로 높게 나타났다. 실험군에서 취침시간(p<0.001)은 늦게 자고, 수면시간(p<0.001)도 짧게 나타났다. 실험군은 규칙적인운동(p<0.001)은 낮고, 흡연(p<0.001)은 높게 나타났다. 식행동에서 식사동반자 부분에서 혼자 먹는 비율(p<0.001), 과식빈도(p<0.001), 아침결식빈도(p<0.001), 그리고 야식의 빈도(p<0.001)는 높게 나타났고, 규칙적인 식사(p<0.001)와 균형식의 비율은(p<0.001) 낮게 나타났다. 식품섭취빈도는 실험군에서 밥류(p<0.001), 육류(p<0.001), 생선(p<0.001), 난류(p<0.001), 두류(p<0.001), 김치(p<0.001), 채소류(p<0.001), 과일류(p<0.001)의 섭취빈도가 낮게 나타났고, 면류(p<0.001)와 빵류(p<0.001), 시리얼(p<0.01), 해조류(p<0.001), 우유(p<0.001)와 커피(p<0.001), 그리고 알콜(p<0.001)은 높게 섭취하고 있었다.

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우리나라 서해에서 출현하는 갈치(Trichiurus japonicus)의 식성 (Feeding Habits of the Largehead Hairtail, Trichiurus japonicus in the Yellow Sea of Korea)

  • 성기창;김도균;강다연;진수연;김호승;서호영;백근욱
    • 한국어류학회지
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.179-185
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    • 2022
  • 우리나라 서해에서 출현하는 갈치의 식성을 파악하기 위해 4.5~33.7 cm의 항문장 범위를 나타내는 377개체의 위내용물을 분석하였다. 갈치의 주 먹이생물은 74.1%의 상대중요도지수비를 나타낸 어류였고, 멸치가 가장 우점하였다. 이번 연구에서 갈치의 영양단계는 3.84를 나타내었다. 어류는 모든 계절 동안 갈치의 가장 중요한 먹이생물이었으며, 가을철과 겨울철에는 멸치가 우점하였고, 봄철과 여름철에는 참조기가 우점하였다. 어류는 갈치의 모든 크기군(<15 cm, 15~20 cm, 20~25 cm, ≥25 cm)에서 가장 중요한 먹이생물이었으며, 크기가 작은 개체의 경우 샛줄멸과 멸치를 주로 섭식하다 항문장이 커짐에 따라 참조기와 갈치의 섭식 비율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 갈치의 항문장이 커짐에 따라 평균 먹이생물 개체수와 중량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. PERMANOVA 분석을 통해 계절과 크기군에 따라 갈치의 식성은 유의한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.