• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2016

본 연구는 청소년의 우유 섭취, 영양 섭취 및 체력 간의 관계를 알아보고자 실시되었다. 시도교육청과 학교의 협조를 받아 선정한 중소도시에 거주하는 298명의 청소년을 대상으로 평소 식사 및 체력장 기록을 조사하였다. 우유 유제품 섭취는 식사조사를 이용해 파악하였고, 우유 유제품으로 섭취한 1일 평균 칼슘 섭취량을 우유 200 mL 중의 칼슘 함량과 비교해 1일 평균 우유칼슘당량을 구하였다. 식사조사는 식사기록법에 의해 주중 2일과 주말 1일을 포함하는 3일간 실시하였고, 식사조사지의 식사 내용을 CAN-Pro 3.0에 입력해 영양소 섭취량을 구한 후 1일 평균 영양소 섭취량을 산출하였다. 체력장 기록은 학교에서 정규적으로 실시하는 자료에 따랐다. 조사 대상 청소년의 1일 평균 우유칼슘당량은 우유칼슘당량을 기준으로 분류한 저섭취군(${\leq}0.29$/일), 중섭취군(0.30-0.78/일), 고섭취군(0.79-5.66/일)에서 모두 권장 수준인 '2'보다 낮아 조사대상자의 우유 섭취가 전반적으로 부족하였다. 1일 평균 우유칼슘당량이 높을수록 50 m 달리기와 제자리멀리뛰기 기록이 유의적으로 높았다. 그리고 대부분의 에너지 영양소, 비타민, 무기질의 1일 평균 섭취량과 50 m 달리기, 제자리멀기뛰기, 오래달리기 기록이 높은 방향으로 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다(p<0.05). 따라서 청소년기에 우유 섭취와 함께 균형잡힌 영양 섭취를 하면 체력 향상에 도움이 되므로 중등학교 가정교과의 식생활교육에서 청소년기에 1일 2컵의 우유 섭취를 실천하도록 지도해야 하며 아울러 중등학교의 학교우유급식 활성화를 위한 제도적 뒷받침도 이루어질 필요가 있다고 하겠다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.174-184
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrients intakes, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) according to obesity index in elementary school students. The study subjects included 229 elementary school students (boys=108, girls=121) who were divided into 3 groups consisting of an underweight group (obesity index<-10%, n=58), a normal weight group (10%${\leq}$ obesity index<10%, n=130) and an overweight group (obesity index${\geq}$10%, n=41) by their obesity index. The nutrient and food intakes data obtained by a 3-day food record were analyzed. Daily dietary GI and GL values were calculated from the 3-day food record. The average age of the subjects was 11.9 years. The mean daily energy intake was 2,186.8 kcal in the underweight group, 2,123.5 kcal in the normal weight group, and 2,174.2 kcal in the overweight group. The intakes of calcium and animal calcium per 1,000 kcal in the overweight group were significantly lower than in the underweight and normal weight groups (p<0.01, p<0.05), and fruit, egg and milk intakes in the overweight group were lower than those in the underweight group (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05). The mean daily dietary GI of the underweight, normal weight, and overweight groups were 67.7, 68.4 and 69.5, respectively (p<0.05). The mean daily dietary GL of the underweight, normal weight, and overweight groups were 212.8, 208.1 and 213.3, respectively. The major food source of dietary GI and GL in the three groups was rice. Other major food sources of dietary GI were croquettes, hand-rolled noddle soups, instant noddles, milk, and rice cake. Dietary GI was not significantly correlated with weight, obesity or body mass index, when adjusted for energy, carbohydrate, and dietary fiber. However, GL adjusted to energy, carbohydrate and dietary fiber tended to correlate with obesity index (r=0.126, p=0.059). These results suggest that dietary GI and GL have possibility affecting obesity-related indicators in elementary school students.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1996

This study was performed to observe the levels of serum and dietary Ca and P, and blood pressure in rural university male students(smoker : 35 persons, non smoker : 32 persons), Three-day dietary record and blood samples were collected for measurements of the Ca and P levels of dietary intake and serum. The results were as follows: 1) There were no significant differences between smokers and non-smokers in terms of height, weight, and BMI. 2) Mean blood pressures on smokers and non-smokers were 131.33/93.75mmHg, 119.37/80.62mmHg, respectively. Blood pressure of smokers was higher than that of non-smokers (p＜0.05). 3) There were no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers in calcium, phosphorus, and Ca/P ratio of dietary intake and serum. The results of this study suggest that non-smoking education programs for smokers including the information on the desirable food habits for prevention of hypertension should be developed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the food and nutrient intakes in 5th to 8th grade school boys and girls. A total of 1,333 students were recruited from 1 elementary and 1 middle school, both located in Seoul. The data on food and nutrients intake were collected by 3-day food record. The food intake was calculated as the percentage of total energy intake according to 21 food subgroups. The consumption of noodles, and meat's products (including ham and sausage) groups were higher in 7th and 8th grade than 5th and 6th grade. On the other hand consumption of vegetables and milk & its products groups were lower in 7th and 8th grade. As results, calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin C intakes were lower in 7th and 8th grade students. Dietary patterns by cluster analysis resulted in $77\%$ of subjects with traditional pattern based rice and kimchi, and $23\%$ with modified pattern. All students regardless of grades showed high fat intake, above 20 percent energy intake from fat, and high cholesterol intakes. In conclusion, there was significant difference between 5th and 6th grade primary school students and 7th and 8th junior school students regarding food and nutrient intakes; It should be necessary to provide proper nutrient education and monitoring in order to establish good dietary profile.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2012

This study aims to determine the association between obesity-related behaviors (dietary practices, physical activity and body image) and body weight status among adolescents. A total of 382 adolescents (187 males and 195 females) aged 13 to 15 years in Kajang, Selangor participated in this study. Majority of the respondents were Malays (56.0%), followed by Chinese (30.1%) and Indians (13.9%). Dietary practices, physical activity and body image of the adolescents were assessed through the eating behaviors questionnaire, two-day dietary record, two-day physical activity record and multi-dimensional body image scale (MBIS), respectively. Body weight and height were measured by trained researchers. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (19.5%) was about twice the prevalence of underweight (10.5%). About two-thirds of the respondents (72.3%) skipped at least one meal and half of them (56.2%) snacked between meals with a mean energy intake of $1,641{\pm}452$ kcal/day. More than half of the respondents (56.8%) were practicing sedentary lifestyle with a mean energy expenditure of $1,631{\pm}573$ kcal per day. Energy intake (r = 0.153, P < 0.05), physical activity (r = 0.463, P < 0.01) and body image (r = 0.424, P < 0.01) were correlated with BMI. However, meal skipping, snacking and energy expenditure per kg body weight were not associated with body weight status. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that body image, physical activity and energy intake contributed significantly in explaining body weight status of the adolescents. In short, overweight and obesity were likely to be associated not only with energy intake and physical activity, but also body image. Hence, promoting healthy eating, active lifestyle and positive body image should be incorporated in future obesity prevention programmes in adolescents.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify dietary patterns among Korean elementary school girls based on the change in body mass index (BMI), body fat, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) during 22 months and to explore the characteristics of dietary patterns identified. Girls aged 9-11 years were recruited and 3-day dietary data were collected four times. Subjects with a diet record of 8 or more days and anthropometric data measured at baseline and 22 months later were included (n = 198). Reduced rank regression was utilized to derive dietary patterns using a change in BMI, body fat, and calcaneus BMD and BMC as response variables. Two dietary patterns were identified: the "Egg and Rice" dietary pattern and "Fruit, Nuts, Milk Beverage, Egg, Grain" (FNMBEG) dietary pattern. Subjects who had high score on the FNMBEG pattern consumed various food groups, including fruits, nuts and seeds, and dairy products, whereas subjects in the "Egg and Rice' dietary pattern group did not. Both dietary patterns showed a positive association with change in BMI and body fat. However, subjects who had a higher score on the "Egg and Rice" dietary pattern had less of a BMC increase, whereas subjects who had a higher score on the FMBEG dietary pattern had more increased BMC over 22 months after adjusting for age, body and bone mass, and Tanner stage at baseline. Our results provide evidence that a well-balanced diet contributes to lean body mass growth among young girls.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.338-349
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• 2009

We aimed to evaluate the effect of nutrition education program on nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior, dietary intakes and anthropometric parameters in primary school children. Eighty five 4th grade children (boys = 43, girls = 42) were enrolled in the intervention program for 5 months. The subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire about nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior two times, at the baseline and after completion of the program. Dietary intake information was collected from participants using a 3-day food record and their anthropometric parameters were measured. Upon completion of the intervention program, both nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior scores were significantly improved in all subjects. Energy intake was increased from 1,571.9 kcal to 1,734.1 kcal with significant improvements in nutrient density for protein, Ca, P, K, vitamin A and niacin. While subjects' height, weight, lean body mass and soft lean mass were significantly increased during the program, significant decreases were observed in the rohrer index, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body fat mass. The changes in nutrition knowledge scores were positively correlated with the changes in dietary behavior scores, micronutrient intakes and anthropometric parameters. These results indicate that enhancement of nutrition knowledge through well-planned long-term nutrition education program is effective not only for the improvement of dietary behaviors and dietary intakes but also for the positive changes in anthropometric parameters among primary school children.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.477-486
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the variation in dietary fiber and fat intakes, and the contribution of food groups to dietary fiber and fat consumption in relation to age and to examine the relationship between dietary fiber and fat intakes in 337 urban adults aged 20-49 year. Dietary intakes were evaluated with one-day 24-hour recall and two-day dietary record method. Significantly higher intakes of fat in males and saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and cholesterol in females were associated with younger age. The ratio of fat to the total energy intake slightly exceeded 20% at 20s and 30s in both males and females. The main source of dietary fiber was vegetables in all age groups of males and 30s of females, but grains in 20s and 40s of females. The main source of fat was meats in all age groups of males and 40s of females, but grains in 20s and 30s in females. The main source of cholesterol was eggs in both males and females. Dietary fiber intake was positively correlated with all fat-related parameters except cholesterol in 20s and 40s and was positively related with fat in 30s of males. For females dietary fiber intake was positively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acid in 20s and with monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in 40s. These findings show that there is considerable variation in intake of dietary fiber and fat in relation to age among adults and suggest that these factors should be considered at interventions aimed toward improvement of nutritional status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate dietary fiber intake, iron status, and their correlations in 50 female college students living in Seoul. The nutritional status was analyzed using 3-day dietary record, duplicated diet collection, and venous blood sampling. The mean values for age, height, weight, BMI, and blood pressure of the subjects were 23.2 years, 160.2cm, 53.9kg, 21.0kg/$m^2$, and 110.1/68.4mmHg, respectively. Daily intakes of enery, protein, fiber, crude fiber, iron, and heme iron were 1635.5㎉, 54.3g, 22.5g, 6.8g, 16.2mg, and 0.2mg, respectively. Fiver intake was positively correlate with energy, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, iron, and crude fiber intakes. Also, iron intake was positively correlated with energy, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and vitamin C intakes. There was a significant correlation between heme iron and MFP(meat, fish, poultry) intakes. To exame the iron balance, iron intake and excretion were measured. Iron intake and excretions through urine and feces were 19.5mg, 8.5mg, and 1.6mg, respectively. Based on these iron retention and iron apparent absorbability were calculated as 9.4mg and 52.4%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between dietary fiber intake and iron status. However, there were significant positive correlation between fiber intake and urinary iron excretion.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.734-743
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• 2001

Iron deficiency anemia is a worldwide public health problem relevant to unsound nutritional practice. While the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is very common among pregnant women, appropriate nutritional service programs to improve the iron status are lacking in Korea. In an attempt to develop a nutritional screening tool to separate the high-risk subjects of iron deficiency, we carried out a nutritional survey for 115 Korean pregnant women whose gestational age ranged from 13 to 24 weeks. Each subject was interviewed with questionnaires for general characteristics and dietary habits. Food intake was measured by 24-hour recap method and 2 day record. Fasting blood was drawn for measuring hemoglobin and serum ferritin. It appeared that half of the pregnant women belonged to the anemia group and had insufficient dietary habits to provide adequate amounts of dietary iron. The first gravida and the working women had better hematological iron indicators than the second or more gravida and the housewives. It also appeared that women who had bigger family size and lower BMI in pre-pregnancy had poorer iron status. Among the food consumption habits, fruit dependent dietary habit was related to poor iron status. Sufficiently consumed green leafy vegetable and appropriate amount of food before morning sickness were positive factors of iron stares. Our results indicated that parity, BMI, current job, family size, food habits including consumption of fruits, green & yellow vegetables, and food habits before the onset of morning sickness are significant factors to contribute the Fe deficiency anemia during pregnancy.