• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2007

본 연구는 흑염소의 보다 효율적인 사양관리 체계의 확립에 기여하기 위하여, 조사료와 농후사료의 비율을 각각 70:30과 30:70으로 달리 하여,이들 배합비율에 생균제를 첨가하였을 때, 흑염소의 사료 섭취량, 영양소 소화율 및 질소 축적율에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 생균제는 Lactobacillus case, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae 및 Streptomyces griseus의 균종을 함유하는 혼합된 형태였고, 사료 내 첨가비율은 0.2%이었다. 12두의 흑염소(male)를 네 처리구로 나누어 처리구당 3두씩 완전 임의 배치하여 개별 대사케이지에 수용하였고, 실험기간은 21일간 지속되었다. 결과를 살펴보면 1일 두당 건물 섭취량은 조농비율 및 생균제의 첨가에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았다. 가소화 건물 섭취량은 사료 내 조사료 비율이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 생균제 첨가에 의한 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 대사체중당 건물 섭취량과 체중에 대한 건물 섭취비율은 건물 섭취량과 유사한 양상을 나타내어 조농비율 및 생균제 첨가에 의한 효과는 나타나지 않았고, 이에 따라 처리군 간에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 영양소 소화율은 조사료 비율이 낮을수록 유의하게 높은 소화율을 나타내었고(p<0.05), 생균제 첨가에 의한 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 뇨를 통한 질소 배설은 조사료 비율이 낮을수록 유의하게 감소하였으나, 생균제 첨가 효과는 두 사료에서 공히 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 질소 축적은 조사료 비율이 증가함에 따라 감소하였고, 두 사료 내 생균제의 첨가는 질소 축적을 다소 증가시키는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터, 사료 내 조농비율이 다른 두 사료에 생균제의 급여는 사료 섭취량, 영양소 소화율 및 질소 축적에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았고, 흑염소에 대한 이들 변수는 생균제에 의한 결과라기보다는 조농비율에 의하여 지배적으로 나타나는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2002

생균제는 항생제와 반대의 어원적 의미를 갖는 것으로 장내 미생물 균형을 기선함으로써 숙주 동물에게 유익한 작용을 유도할 수 있는 살아있는 미생물 첨가제로서 항생제를 대체할 수 있는 물질 중 하나로서 인식되어 왔다. Lactobacillus와 같은 젖산균은 유산을 생성하여 장의 산도를 pH를 저하시켜 잡균의 오염을 방지하며, 각종 비타민, 아미나산, 항균물질 등을 생산하여 가축 장내 미생물균총의 안정, 사료효율 증가, 내병성 증대 등의 효과가 있다. 또한, saccharomyces와 같은 효모균은 각종 소화효소를 생산하여 영양소 분해를 촉진하며 알코올과 글루타민산과 같은 사료의 기호성을 증진시키는 물질을 분비한다. 단위가축에 있어 생균제의 급여효과는 돼지에 있어 증체량과 사료효율을 증가시키고 설사발생빈도를 낮춘다. 또한, 가금에 있어서는 산란계의 산란율을 개선하고, 장내 유익한 미생물의 수를 증가시키며, 육계의 증체량을 증가시키며, 혈중 콜레스테롤 수치를 낮춘다. 그러나 다른 연구에서는 생균제의 급여가 가축의 성적에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하였다고 보고하여 이를 규명할 수 있는 연구의 진행이 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다. 또한, 생균제의 효율적인 이용, 균주의 선발과 광합성미생물과 같은 친환경적인 생균제의 개발등도 해결되어야 할 과제일 것이다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권sup1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2008

According to the hygiene hypothesis, westernized and urbanized life style leads to the increase of allergic disease. This hypothesis supports the use of probiotic therapy for the prevention or treatment of food allergy. The probiotics which contains potentially beneficial microorganism have been used for the treatment of some gastrointestinal disorders and atopic disease as dietary supplements. Many results of studies support the immunologic bases of probiotics therapy. The most important mechanism is that probiotics suppress Th2-skewed immunity as the stimulation of regulatory T cell. The difficulties of diagnosis of food allergy, variable symptoms, many kinds of microorganism, diet style and non-standardized study designs are attributed to the variety and controversy of the effectiveness of probiotics in food allergy with infant and children. More studies is needed to confirm the efficacy of probiotics in infant and children with food allergy.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1998

Two experiment were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of probiotics for the broiler chicks. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal with no supplemental probiotics contained 21% dietary crude protein for the first 3 weeks and 19% for the rest of two weeks. In experiment 1, 0.2 % probiotics containing 2X 10 6 cfu /ml of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(S), Clostridium butyricum(C), Lactobacillus acidophilus(L), Bacillus polyfermenticus(B) were respectively supplemented to control groups. Two hundred day-olo chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments which had four replicates of 10 chicks each per treatment. Weight gain, feed consurnption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) were weekly measured for 5 weeks. The number of intestinal microflora was examined at the end of experiment. In experiment 1, Weight gain and feed intake of chicks fed probiotics exhibited a significant response compared to those of control for the first three weeks(P<0.01). Weight gain of S or C treatments was higher than that of control for the rest of two weeks, whereas it was significantly lower in L and B treatments than S or C treatments (P<0.01). Chicks fed S or C was significantly increased weight gain(P <0.05) compared to that of control at five weeks of age. FCR of C treatment seemed to improve relative to other supplemental probiotics groups, but was not significantly different. The number of intestinal anaerobes and Lactobacillus in large intestine of chicks fed probiotics supplements was significantly decreased compared to control groups(P<0.01). In experiment 2, there were six treatments: Ti, control; T2, 0.2%S; T3, 0.2%S + 0.2%C; T4, 0.2%S + 0.2%L; T5, 0.2%S + 0.2%B; T6, 0.2%S + 0.1%C + o.i%L + 0.1%B. Control diet based on corn soybean meal contained 21% CP and 3,2OOca1 /g ME with no probiotics. There were four replicates of 10 chicks each per treatment. Weight gain of chicks fed probiotics tended to increase compared to control groups, but were not significantly different between them. FCR was also improved in probiotics treatments. However, there were no significant differences between probiotics supplementation and control groups. The results of these experiments indicated that dietary supplemental probiotics improved weight gain, feed efficiency for the first three weeks of young broiler chicks, whereas supplementation of C, L, B combined probiotics to young broiler chicks was not superior to those of single or two probiotics.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.818-827
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• 2016

This study hypothesized that dietary feed additive containing probiotics alter either immune-related serum substances or serum metabolites in Hanwoo heifers. A probiotic treatment was given at 0.5% top-dressing of concentrate diet for 6 months. The change of immunological indicators in the blood was analyzed under LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) challenge. One day before administration of LPS, all heifers were fitted with an indwelling jugular vein catheter for serial blood collections. Both a serum tube and an EDTA-coated tube were collected at 30-min intervals from - 2 to 8 hours relative to the LPS challenge at time 0 ($1{\mu}g/kg$ of BW). Serum was used for analyzing albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), phosphorus (IP), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Plasma was used for analyzing white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT) and inflammation-related factors (NE, LY, MO, EO, BA, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, MPV). There were significant differences in ALB, GLU, TG, IP, and NEFA concentration with the passage of hours post challenge (p < 0.05). The level of ALB, GLU, TG, and IP showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between treatments. However, none of the data showed interaction between time and treatments (p > 0.05). The level of WBC, EO, LY, and MO were reduced after LPS challenge (p > 0.05). In conclusion, LPS challenge after dietary supplementation of probiotics changed the levels of both serum metabolites and inflammation-related factors. The increase of GLU and TG indicated a probiotics-positive response under LPS challenge (p < 0.05).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.387-396
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• 2012

A study was conducted to determine the dietary effects of Na-bentonite (NaB) and probiotics on meat characteristics and health of Hanwoo steers fed rice straw as a sole roughage source. A total of 24 growing Hanwoo steers (avg BW 232 kg) were assigned to two treatments which included a control diet (concentrate mix and rice straw) and a treatment diet (control diet + 0.5-1.0% NaB + 0.5-1.0% probiotics. The diets were fed for 22 months up to the time the animals were slaughtered. Dietary treatment increased (p<0.05) concentrations of trace minerals such as Zn, Cu, and Fe in the longissimus muscle compared to the control. The treatment diet did not affect cold carcass weight, yield traits such as backfat thickness, longissimus muscle area, yield index, yield grade and quality traits such as marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, maturity and quality grade. Blood profiles of growing steers were within the normal ranges for healthy cattle. In conclusion, feeding a combination of clay mineral and probiotics to Hanwoo steers fed rice straw as a sole roughage source could have a desirable effect on improving trace mineral retention in longissimus muscle without any deleterious effects on carcass traits of steers.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 1999

The objects of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary several supplemental probiotics on performance and intestinal microflora of Lohmann brown laying hens from 68 to 80 weeks. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 18.0% CP and 2,720㎉/kg ME. Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus salvarius isolated from piglet(LSP) were fed at the level of 0.1 and 0.2% in a one way design. There were four replicates of 40 hens each per treatment. Egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio(FCR), eggshell quality were measured at every four weeks and intestinal microflora were examined at the end of experiment. Egg production of bird fed 0.2% individual probiotics was significantly higher than that of control(P 0.05). Birds fed the diet containing 0.2% LSC and LSP had significantly lower FCR than other treatments(P 0.05). However, egg weight of birds fed control and 0.2% BS diet showed higher than other treatments. Feed intake of 0.2% BS and 0.1% LSP treatment was significantly higher than other treatments, but was not consistency of all treatments(P 0.05). Eggshell breaking strength and thickness of hens fed probiotics tended to increase compared to that of control, but was not significantly different. Intestinal anaerobes, Lactobacillus spp. and yeast of hens fed all tested probiotics were significantly increased compared to those of control. The number of intestinal E. coli of all probiotics treatments except 0.1% LSP tended to decrease. Intestinal Lactobacillus spp. was increased significantly by 0.1% dietary LSC, whereas intestinal yeast showed significant increase in LSP treatments(P〈0.05). The results of this experiment indicated that feeding probiotics to laying hens improved the egg production, FCR and increased beneficial microflora.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2023

Background: Red ginseng marc, the residue of red ginseng left after water extraction, is rich in dietary fiber. Dietary fiber derived from fruits or vegetables can promote the proliferation of probiotics, and it is a key technology in the food industry to increase the productivity of probiotics by adding growth-enhancing substances such as dietary fiber. In this study, the effect of red ginseng dietary fiber (RGDF) on the growth of probiotic bacterial strains was investigated at the phenotypic and genetic levels. Methods: We performed transcriptome profiling of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IDCC3501 in two phases of culture (logarithmic (L)-phase and stationary (S)-phase) in two culture conditions (with or without RGDF) using RNA-seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and classified according to Gene Ontology terms. Results: The growth of L.plantarum IDCC3501 was enhanced in medium supplemented with RGDF up to 2%. As a result of DEG analysis, 29 genes were upregulated and 30 were downregulated in the RGDF-treated group in the L-phase. In the S-phase, 57 genes were upregulated and 126 were downregulated in the RGDF-treated group. Among the upregulated genes, 5 were upregulated only in the L-phase, 10 were upregulated only in the S-phase, and 3 were upregulated in both the L- and S-phases. Conclusions: Transcriptome analysis could be a valuable tool for elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which RGDF promotes the proliferation of L.plantarum IDCC3501. This growth-promoting effect of RGDF is important, since RGDF could be used as a prebiotic source without additional chemical or enzymatic processing.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2002

미생물제제를 이용한 돈분뇨 처리시스템(3N-System, 속성발효시스템) 운영에 있어 돼지에 급여하는 생균제가 비육돈의 발육 및 질병발생에 미치는 효과와 분뇨처리효과를 구명하기 위하여 실시한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 생균제 혼합급여 시험은 사료에 0.1% 씩 생균제와 항생제를 각각 첨가하여 처리구별로 30두씩 3처리 평균체중이 21.4$\pm$0.54kg인 육성비육돈 90두를 공시하여 시험을 실시하였다. 0.1% 생균제 (Bacillus toyoi spore) 급여구는 육성돈에서 출하시까지 급여하였으며, 0.1% 항생제 (kitasamycin and sulfamethazine) 첨가 급여구는 출하 1개월전 부터는 항생제 첨가한 사료를 급여하지 않았다. 일당 증체량과 사료효율은 처리간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다(P >0.05). 도체성적에 있어 출하시 체중과 도체중은 항생제 첨가급여구가 다소 높게 나타났으나 처리간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 등지방 두께는 생균제 첨가 급여구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 낮게 나타나는 경향이었다(P<0.05). 도체등급별 출현두수는 A등급 출현율에서 생균제 첨가 급여구가 다소 높은 비율을 보였다. 육안 병변에 대한 모니터링 결과에서는 생균제 급여구가 병변발생율이 적게 나타났다. 시험돈사의 환경조사에서 처리간에 온도의 차이는 없었으나 최저온도에서는 항생제첨가 급여구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 습도는 생균제 첨가급여구가 84.34$\pm$6.03으로 다른 처리구에 비하여 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 시험돈사내의 돈분뇨의 성상변화(BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P 및 암모니아 농도)도 생균제첨가 급여구가 낮은 수치를 보였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) contents from hanwoo manure using probiotics to feed and manure additives during 5 weeks. A total of 45 hanwoo(24 months old) with averaging $580{\pm}20$ kg in weight were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 3 replicates per treatment(5 hanwoo per pen, $5{\times}8m$). The treatment were supplemented, control, T1(10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate(2% probiotics as-fed basis)), and T2(10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate(2% probiotics as-fed basis) + 7 kg probiotics on the surface of hanwoo manure (top-dressing)). During the experimental period, there were statistically significant differences(P<0.05) in pH values at 3 and 5 weeks; TN contents at 5 weeks; and SRP contents at 5 weeks in all treatments. Adding probiotics to feed or feed and manure increased manure pH in comparison with controls. As time increased, changes in TN contents decreased in the order: T2 > Control > T1. Especially, the reduction in SRP contents in all treatments at 5 weeks was in following order: T1 > T2 > Control. This result suggests that it is possible to make efficient use of probiotics as feed and manure additives for reducing environmental pollution or to provide fundamental information on livestock managements to producers.