• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

Special nutritional foods are one category of processed foods. In this category, 5 different food standards are defined in the current rule of the Korean Food Code ; that is, infant formulae, complementary foods for infants and young children, foods nutrient supplementation, processed dietary fiber-based foods, and foods for special dietary uses. The major differences between the special dietary uses. The major difference between the special nutritional foods and the other processed foods is that the special nutritional foods are characterized by their dietary uses for specific population groups rather than food ingredients or manufacturing and processing techniques which characterize and distinguish most of other processed foods. Although several countries establish similar standards for this type of foods, they use different legal names such as foods for special dietary uses(U.S.A., CODEX, Japan), foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses(EC), or special purpose foods(Australia). In addition, there are some other differences in the definitions for these food types and categorization of food types among countries. The major difference in the definitions is the description of 'special dietary uses' by specifying certain population groups whose nutrient requirements are different from those of ordinary men due to physiological or physical conditions and therefore may not be sufficiently met by consuming ordinary foods. The categorization of this type of foods is based on the type of dietary uses in the other countries, whereas we include foods simply supplemented with nutrients or foods having certain components such as dietary fibers even if these foods types do not have special dietary sues. Recently, a revision of standards for special nutritional food has been proposed. However, the description of 'special dietary uses' is not clearly indicated in the definition, and some food types which should not be categorized into the special nutritional foods still remain in this category. In order to correct these problems, the standard of food labeling in the Food Safety Law needs to be revised along with revision of food standards in the Food Code.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.98-106
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• 1993

In this study, dietary fiber contents in cereals and pulses were determined by Mongeau-Brassard method to compare those to the AOAC officied method. The average total dietary fiber (TDF) contents by AOAC official method were 3% for cereals and 21% for pulses. The average ratios of soluble dietary fiber contents to TDF contents were 40% for cereals and 43% for pulses. The differences between TDF values (dry matter basis) by two methods were 0.1%-1.0% for cereals and 1.0-7.0% for pulses. The differences between two methods were caused by residual protein in fiber by Mongeau-Brassard method and by residual starch in fiber by AOAC official method. TDF\\error boundary values by Mongeau-Brassard method were little higher than those by AOAC official method. But seven foods except highly milled rice, brown rice and mungbean were F/Fc>1. Therefore, Mongeau-Brassard method was evaluated as precise as AOAC official method.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.552-560
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• 2003

In this study, Artemisia capillaris, which has been used in oriental medicine and folks remedy, was investigated to characterize the nutritional composition (protein, lipid, ash, fiber, amino acids, fatty acids, Na, K, P, Mg, Ca and Fe) and effective substance (scopoletin). Artemisia capillaris has often been cited in medical literature for its medicinal effects. The Korean Food and Drug Administration allowed Artemisia capillaris as a food stuff and indicated as In-Jin-Sook. From the view point of the subjects who eat In-Jin-Sook products, most of them ingested it for a certain pharmacological efficacy rather than as a beverage or a food. Therefore, we need to develop functional foods using In-Jin-Sook. Artemisia capillaris was superior in protein, crude fiber, amino acid and fatty acid compositions to wild greens according to Korean Nutritional Composition Table. Also scopoletin, blown for blood vessel relaxation and hypotensive effect, was detected at the level of 326.13 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g. These results demonstrated that Artemisia capillaris has both pharmaceutical effects and balanced nutritional contents. Artemisia capillaris has sufficient values to use as a food stuff for functional foods.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.296-306
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• 1996

The ultimate aim of this study is to find high-fiber sources among Korean common foods and to develop a high-fiber supplement which can be useful in the therapeutic diet for the diabetic patients. For this purpose the effect of four kinds of seaweeds(mixture of purple laver & sea lettuce : MPS, sea tanle : ST, sea mustard : SM, agar agar : AA) on the glucose and lipid mtabolism were examined. Seven groups of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed dietary fiber-free control diet or one of experimental diets containing 7% of one of four seaweeds for six weeks. The effects of seaweeds were campared with the effects of fiber-free diet or pectin diet. ST, SM, and AA showed a tendency of improving glucose tolerance improvement by those seaweeds, however, was less than that by pectin. MPS was found to possess a serum cholesterol-lowering effect which is comparable to that of pectin. All the supplementations of seaweeds induced significant increase in fecal steroids excretion. The amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion follwing in feeding of MPS and SM were as high as the level cause by pectin. The excretion of bile acids in the MPS group was much higher than that in the pectin group. Based on its effects of alleviating the diabetic symptoms in the previous study and of improving the glucose tolerance, sea mustard seems to have a benefical effect on glucose metabolism. The serum cholesterol-lowering effect of MPS possibly due to the significant increase in fecal steroids excretion suggests that MPS may be effective in improving abnormalities of lipid metabolism. Therefore, sea tangle and mixture of purple laver & sea lettuce seem to be promising as an effective source of high-fiber supplement for the diabetic patients.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2012

Makgeolli lees is a by-product of the makgeolli brew processing. Makgeolli lees contains high levels of fibers, which can be separated and used to develop foods rich in dietary fibers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of makgeolli fibers (0-4%) on proximate composition, caloric content, pH, color, cooking yield, textural profile, and sensory characteristics of chicken-emulsion sausages. The moisture content of 1, 2, and 3% makgeolli lees fiber-amended product was higher than the control, while that of the 4% product was not. Total calorie estimates of makgeolli lees fiber-amended sausages were lower than the control, except for in the case of the 4% treatment. Moreover, chicken sausages supplemented with makgeolli lees fiber had higher cooking yields and improved textural properties. Chicken emulsion sausages prepared with makgeolli lees fiber had improved overall acceptability, and the best results of sensory characteristics were obtained for the emulsion sausages containing 2% makgeolli lees fiber.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1220-1224
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• 2005

Crataegi Fructus has often been cited in medical literature for its medicinal effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of Crataegi Fructus application as an edible medicinal (nutritional supplement) food resource. In this study, Crataegi Fructus, which has been used in oriental medicine and folks remedy, was investigated to characteristics of nutritional composition(protein, lipid, ash, fiber, free sugar and minerals). The approximate composition of low Crataegi Fructus was crude protein, 0.26%, crude lipid, 0.30% and crude ash, 0.66%. And total dietary fiber 5.60%(insoluble 4.66%, soluble 0.94%), contents of glucose and fructose were 5.02mg% and 6.21 mg%, Nutritional composition of fermented liquid was crude protein 0.24%, crude lipid, 0.03%, crude ash, 0.53% and total dietary fiber, 0.24%. And glucose, fructose contents were 14.77mg% and 7.30mg%. The other hand, nutrition contents in water extract of Crataegi Fructus were significantly lower than low Crataegi fructus and fermented liquid. The above results showed that Crataegi Fructus and fermented liquid have sufficient values to use as a food stuff for medicinal food and nutritional supplement.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.282-296
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• 2013

The study classified 83 obese adults by constitution and had them follow a strict diet according to their constitution in order to see if the Yin-Yang method would be effective on the metabolic syndrome, which is one of the main causes of death in Korea. Overall, the application of both Yin and Yang methods improved the following factors: weight, body fat percentage, systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, neutral fats and total cholesterol. In particular, the Yin constitution group of men showed more improvements than the Yang constitution group. Furthermore, waist circumference and the prevalence rate of systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, total cholesterol and metabolic syndrome were decreased noticeably. Total energy intake was increased in both men and women after the constitutional diet, along with the increase of nutrient intake, such as dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, among others. Among various nutrients, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, vitamin B6, folic acid, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and iron intake were increased noticeably after the constitutional diet. In addition, subjects' intake of all nutrients, except for magnesium, satisfied the nutrition intake standards. Further, the nutrients adequacy ratio (NAR) and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) improved for both men and women. The intake of potatoes, starch, greens and mushrooms increased noticeably, whereas the intake of meat, dairy, drinks and alcohol decreased after the constitutional diet. For the Yin constitution, the intake of Yin foods noticeably decreased, where as the intake of Yang foods decreased for the Yang constitution. In conclusion, the constitutional diet effectively improves the metabolic syndrome. Among many nutrients, the intake of dietary fiber, vitamins A, C and E, potassium and magnesium is positively associated with the improvement of metabolic syndrome biomarkers.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2001

A survey was conducted to investigate the intake pattern of health supplements and health foods by using questionnaire. The data were collected from 395 adults over middle age and analyzed with SAS program. The natural foods were most frequently taken among health supplements and health foods for health. There was no difference in pattern of health supplements or health foods intake between male and female. The item taken over 20% of subjects was health drinks, green tea, ginseng product, dietary fiber drink, honey, general tea, tonic medicine from natural foods, vitamin B, vitamin C from nutrition supplements, and Lactobacillus product from health supplements. As the main reason for taking health supplements or health foods, the male indicated recovery of fatigue and improvement of health, but the female indicated recovery of fatigue and protection or treatment on disease(p<0.001). The frequency of taking health supplements or health foods was once a day. About the effect of health foods 70.1%, of subjects answered not bad and 25% responded very helpful for their health. Twenty percent of subjects experienced side effects such as diarrhea. The results showed that the proper education program should be developed for consumer to choose suitable health supplements or health foods according to their dietary life and health condition.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.371-377
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• 1996

Potential health promoting effects such as antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer and anticarcinogenic properties have been ascribed to citrus flavonoids. Dietary fibers have also been used as functional food components due to the various beneficial physiological activities. Two kinds of flavonoids, naringin and hesperidin, were identified both in the pulp and in the peel of Korean tangerine. The contents of naringin and hesperidin in the pulp were 2.95 mg/100 g and 0.53 mg/100 g, respectively. However, the contents of naringin and hesperidin in the peel were much higher (10.77 mg/100 g and 38.90 mg/100 g) thanthose of two identified flavonoids in the pulp. The content of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in the pulp of tangerine was 1.90%, insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) 0.37%, and total dietary fiber (TDF) 2.27% based on wet matter, respectively. The content of SDF was 1.09%, IDF 4.77% and TDF 1.86% in the peel of tangerine. The total pectin content was 1.53% in the pulp and 0.94% in the peel of tangerine. The peel of Korean tangerine, a by product in tangerine processing, would be a good source for the production of naringin, hesperidin and pectin.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6527-6534
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• 2015

Background: In Japan, in comparison with the rest of the world the death rate of lung cancer is low although the smoking rate is relatively high. This is the so-called "Japanese smoking paradox". A healthy diet is proposed to attenuate the risk without quitting smoking. We here examined the relationships between smoking status (SS) and the consumption of food and nutrient in Japan. Materials and Methods: Totals of 5,587 men and 2,718 women were divided into three (non-smokers, smokers and heavy smokers) and two (non-smokers and smokers) groups, respectively, according to pack-year, which represents the amount of smoking over a long period. Food and nutrient consumption was estimated with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Using general linear models, food and nutrient consumption was estimated for each group in men and women, separately. Results: In men, SS was positively related to consumption of rice, 3 alcoholic beverages, carbohydrate, alcohol and other 8 foods/nutrients (p< 0.05 for all) and negatively to those of protein animal, fat, fatty acids, dietary fiber, isoflavones and 36 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). In women, SS was positively associated with intake of 13 foods/nutrients, while being negatively associated with those of rice, energy, dietary fiber, and 14 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions: Our results support lower intake of vegetables and fruits rich in antioxidants, which are thought as preventive factors for many diseases, in smokers.