• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.6 s.90
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• pp.867-876
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were, 1) to investigate the causal relationship between customer's life-style and motivation of eating-out, and 2) to research the causal nexus between motivation of eating-out and satisfaction of attributes to choose the restaurant. Reliability analysis, factor analysis, and Structure Equation Model(SEM) were adapted by Windows SPSS 10.0 and Amos 4.0. Life-style was divided into 7 factors and eating-out motivation into 5. Life-style influenced significantly each motivation of eating-out. It had positive influence on 'Reception and congratulation', 'Change of dietary life', 'Economic saving', "'Preference motivation', and 'Advertisement and companion's need', but negative influence on 'Reception and congratulation', 'Change of dietary life', and 'Preference motivation'. Customer's motivation of eating-out also influenced significantly the attributes. Factorl 'Reception and congratulation' had positive influence on all attributes except for 'Transportation convenience and distance to the shop'. Factor 2 'Change of dietary life' had negative influence on 'Food's taste, quantity, price', 'Sanitation and cleanness', and 'Staff's service quality' Factor 3 "Economic saving' had positive influence on 'Food's taste, quantity, price' and 'Transportation convenience and distance to the shop'. factors 'Advertisement and companion's need' had positive influence on 'Atmosphere of restaurant' and negative influence on 'Food's taste, quantity, price'.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.472-482
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the dietary behavior and the effects of nutrition education according to the stages of behavioral changes in sodium reduction of healthy male adults (20~69 years) in Gwangju Chonnam Regions. Methods: The research subjects were 200 male adults. Results: A significantly higher mean age was observed in the stage of Action Maintenance (A M) than in the stage of Precontemplation (PC) and stage of Contemplation Preparation (C P). Significant differences in the frequency of exercise, eating out, and preference for salty food, intake frequency of Udon, Ramen and Sundae according to the stages of behavior change in sodium reduction were observed. The dietary behavior scores and intake frequency-related dietary behavior scores of A M were significantly higher than PC and C P. Nutrition education for sodium reduction improved the dietary behavior score significantly in PC and C P, as well as the rate of correct answers of sodium-related nutrition knowledge in all stages. After the nutrition education, PC decreased greatly, and A M increased. Conclusion: Subjects in PC and C P had an undesirable propensity in dietary behavior, and nutrition knowledge compared to A M, but the nutrition education for sodium reduction greatly improved their dietary behavior and nutrition knowledge.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2005

Seed, stem and sprout of F. tataricum were separately milled using the ultra fine mill under the same condition to investigate the effect of roasting or extruding on the particle size, microstructure and water solubility of dietary fiber. The mean particle size of MR (roasting) is increased in stem and sprout, and that of ME (extruding) is increased in seed, compared to that of control. The microscopic views of seed show that control has the spherical shape but ME the larger and irregular shape, and those of stem and sprout show that control has the needle like shape but ME more rounded shape. Water solubility index of ME is much higher than that of control or MR in seed, stem and sprout. It shows that seed, stem and sprout are damaged more in extruding than in roasting, and the starch and cell wall structure must be destroyed to change the water insoluble dietary fiber into the water soluble dietary fiber.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin A on the membrane property and ultrastructure in ethanol-administered rat livers. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing of 130 ~150g were fed with experimental diets for 7 weeks. The diets contained different types of vitamin A which were $\beta$-carotene, retinyl acetate and retinoic acid. After feeding theexperimental diets for 7 weeks, a dose of 3.0g ethanol (30%, W/V)/kg B.W was injected to rats intraperitoneally. Control rats received 0.9% saline containing isocaloric sucrose instead of ethanol. Plasma membrane fluidity of liver decreased in rats fed with vitamin a -Deficient diet with ethanol as compared to that of control rats. Fluidity change of liver plasma membrane that ethanol had induced was influenced by dietary supplementation of vitamin A, but not influenced by the type of supplemented vitamin. A . The ultrastructural changed of hepatic mitrochondria were observed in some rats such as vitamin A-deficient rats with ethanol. Inadequate consumptionof vitamin A contributed to ultrastructural changes such as swelled mitochondria occurred by ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Although accurate mechanism involved in the plasma membrane-stabilizing effect of vitamin A is still unclear, dietary supplementation of vitamin A such as retinyl acetate is neede to modulate this change. The direct involvement of membrane property on the cell damage caused by ethanol treatment remains to be established.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary behavior of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to improve their quality of life through medical nutrition therapy. The subjects were 38 persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting a public health center to participate in a dietary education program from Jun, 2003 to Nov. 2003 in Daegu, Korea. The interviews were tape-recorded and analyzed attitude, knowledge, and awareness of patients by focus group interview. Most of the patients were mainly dependent on drug therapy and had little experience of diet education. Barriers to dietary practice adherences were limitations in food selection, lack of will and feel of burden. Barriers to follow guidelines were lack of self-control, confliction with food habits of their family, accessibility, economical problems, fear for the change after dietary practice, food difficulties in meal distribution and difficulties for eating out. After 4 weeks of intensive nutrition education, fasting blood sugar levels were decreased and postprandial and waist circumference were significantly decreased in all patients and 26.9% of patients were under decreased oral hypoglycemic agent dosage due to improved blood sugar level. dietary knowledge of subjects were greatly improved in such items as dietary intake, saturated fat, HbA1C, ideal body weight, and waist circumference.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.619-624
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• 2002

To enhance the nutritional quality of the Soboru bread, a dietary fibers extracted from Kombu was added into wheat flour in the amounts of 0, 1, 3, and 5% and the quality of the baked products was characterized. The inherent water holding capacity of the added dietary fibers raised weight of the bread while specific volume and density values were decreased at the same time. Increasing the amount of dietary fiber resulted in the decreased setback time of the raw materials in amylogram. The lower textural hardness of the dietary fiber-enriched bread after one-day storage at room temperature could be attributed to the retarded retrogradation of the starch. Darkened surface of the bread as indicated by the Hunter colorimetric values and the accompanied change in flavor did not significantly influence the sensory evaluation of the products. Judging from texture, taste and overall acceptability of the product, recommended substitution level for the dietary fiber in Soboru bread was 3% or less. Increased intake of the dietary fibers, accompained with more use of seaweed, was expected through the suggested functional bread.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.471-476
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• 1999

The effects of total dietary restriction(100% restriction of energy intake) on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) contents and intracellular antioxidant enzymes activities in the liver and kidney of young male Sprague Dawley rats were studied. The TBARS contents were reduced in both liver and kidney, up to 77% and 79% of the control rats, fed ad libitum, respectively at 7 days after dietary restriction . Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in the liver and kidney of rats were increased significantly by total dietary restriction. However, the activity of catalase in kidney was decreased 27% at 6 days after dietary restriction, but this enzyme activity did not change in liver. The changes of glutathione peroxidae(GSHPx) and catalase activities in the liver and kidney of rats with dietary restriction were not significant. These result suggested that dietary restriction reduce the free radical induced by tissue damage, as determined by TBARS content, in both the liver and kidney but the changes of activities of antioxidant enzymes may not be a contributory factor in reducing oxidative damage to tissue.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1088-1094
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• 1997

One hundred twenty healthy college students and housewives from urban middle income household were investigated in terms of food consumption patterns, nutrient intake and dietary fiber intake. Total food intake was slightly lower in college students(1059.9g/d) than in housewives(1160.g/d) . However, the ration of animal food to total food was considerably higher in college students(23.7%) than in housewives(16.8%). College students tended to consume more dairly products, meat & products, and cereals & grain products but less vegetables , fruits, fish and shellfish than housewives. Although nutrient intake was not much different (except for total calories, fats, and ascorbic acid), dietary fiber intake was slightly and significantly lower in college students(14.9g/d, 8.3g/1000kcal) than in housewives(16.9g/d, 103g/1000kcal) . That is partially due to college students irregular food habits and the change in their meal patterns from traditional to western diets. There was a significantly positive correlation between dietary fiber intake and thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and crude fiber intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.231-247
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• 1993

This study was designed to confirm the effect of dietary protein level and oral administration of tryptophan on brain serotonin metabolism. Two animal experiments were conducted. The objectives and results of research were as follows : In the first experiment, it was investigated whether administration of reserpine to Sprague-Dawley rats fed 6% or 20% casein diet induced decrease in serum tryptophan and large neutral amino acid(LNAA) concentrations, tryptophan/LNAA concentration ratio, brain tryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA) contents. Brain serotonin content of 6% casein diet group was lower than those of 20% casein diet group. Both 6% and 20% casein diet groups administered with reserpine to induce the analogous depression, showed the notable decrease in brain serotonin content when they were compared with 20% casein diet group not administered with reserpine. Serum tryptophan/LNAA ration and brain 5-HIAA content showed a tendency similar to the change of serotonin content, but the mean difference among all groups was not significant. From these results, it could be said that when the dietary protein level was low, brain serotonin content was decrease. The second experimnt was to see the change in serum tryptophan concentration and tryptophan/LNAA ratio and brain tryptophan, serotonin and 5-HIAA content when tryptophan was administered orally to the animals treated with reserpine. Serum tryptophan concentration tended to increase in both reserpine-treated 6% and 20% casein diet groups administered with tryptophan, especially in the 6% casein diet group. Serum tryptophan/LNAA concentration ratio tended to incrase in reserpine-tteated 6% casein diet group, while decrease in reserpine-treated 20% casein diet group. Brain tryptophan content was increased in both reserpine-treated 6% and 20% casein diet groups. However, brain serotonin content of reserpine-treated 6% casein diet group showed a tendency to decrease, while that of reserpine-treated 20% casein group increase. Consequently, the effect of tryptophan administration on increase of brain tryptophan and serotonin content in animals treated with reserpine was far more excellent in 20% casein diet groups. It was concluded that dietary protein intake and tryptophan administration increase brain serotonin level. Accordingly, it was possible to confirm that brain function, particularly in aspect of behavior related to the serotonin, was changed with manipulation of dietary composition.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.477-488
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• 2007

Prevalence of an obese population has been increasing in Korea. Obesity is considered a major risk factor for chronic degenerative diseases. Specifically, prevalence of obesity is prominent for adult woman in Korea. In many weight control programs, weight change did not often show any beneficial effects for health. These facts discourage people in the program. Thus in this study, the anthropometry, blood pressure, serum biochemical indices and dietary habits were compared by percent body fat change for adult women to show the beneficial effects of the weight control program. Study subjects were 134. Measurements were done before and after the weight control program. Percent Body Fat (PBF) was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Using PBF changes, subjects were grouped as I (more than 1% increase), M (${\pm}1%$ change), and D (more than 1% decrease). Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. Among the 134 participants, 13 increased their weight and 100 decreased. For PBF, 19 increased and 59 decreased. Statistical significant differences were shown for anthropometric assessments before and after for all weight, fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. I had increases, and D shows decreases. But the difference of D is large than M. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased in all groups (p < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose decreased in all groups but were statistically significant only in D. Also triglyceride decreased in D (p < 0.05). Thus health conditions showed desirable changes in I < M < D in order. Dietary habit changes were desirable with only D. Weight, BMI and other indicators for obesity is not the real indicator for PBF. Recently it is easy to measure PBF. Thus, for weight control programs and to show benefits of the program, PBF is a good indicator for adult women in Korea.