• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국영양학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 초록
• /
• pp.74-74
• /
• 2001

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한예방의학회 2004년도 제56차 추계 학술대회 연제집
• /
• pp.45.2-46
• /
• 2004

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.324-332
• /
• 2001

인체의 중금속 노출은 식품이 대부분을 차지하고 있어 세계 어느나라나 인체건강의 유지라는 측면에서 깊은 관심을 쏟고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내산 식품의 중금속 함량과 식이섭취량에 관련된 연구결과를 총정리하였으며 외국자료와 비교함으로써 중금속의 위해성을 평가하였다. 식품군별(해산어류, 연안패류, 담수어류, 곡류)로 비소, 카드뮴, 수은, 납의 4가지 금속원소의 함량에 대한 연차적 변화추세를 분석한 결과 1970년대보다는 1980년대, 그리고 1990년대로 올수록 중금속의 평균농도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 중금속의 국내기준과 비교하였을 때 평균치로는 기준을 초과하는 경우가 없었으나 최고치로는 기준을 초과하는 경우가 드물게 발견되었다. 한국인에 의한 중금속의 식이섭취량 데이터를 요약하면 1980년대보다는 1990년대에 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 중금속 중 As, Hg의 평균섭취량은 PTWI의 6∼8%, Cd, Pb은 50∼80%수준으로 모두 허용량을 밑돌고 있으나 특정식품을 많이 먹는 극단소비량으로 계산한다면 PTWI를 초과할 수 있으므로 심도있는 평가가 요구된다. 한국인에 의한 Cd, Hg, Pb의 식이섭취량은 여러 국가에 대한 GEMS/Food 데이터와 비교시 중위권에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 식품 중에서 수산물은 Hg, Cd 및 As의 오염이, 일반식품은 Pb의 오염이 우려되고 있으므로 이들 중금속에 대한 법적기준을 설정하여 중금속에 의한 오염 진행상황을 감시해야 될 것이다. 나아가 모든 급원(음식물, 공기, 불, 직업적 노출)으로부터 중금속의 총 노출량을 평가하고 식생활에서의 위해요소를 확인함으로써 식량자원의 안전성을 확보할 수 있게 되기를 바란다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 1995

Daily exposure of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was estimated in foods (rice, barley, soybean, peanut, soysauce, soybean paste) by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) using polyclonal antibody R101. Before ELISA, a simple extraction method was applied for the quantitation of AFB1 in foods using chloroform which showed high recovery (70$\pm$12%). AFB1 levels in foods were 0.32 ng/ml (rice), 0.24ng/ml (barley), 0.22 ng/ml (peanut), 0.30~0.78 ng/ml (soysauce), and 0.2 ng/ml (soybean paste). Based on food consumption, we estimated that Koreans were exposed to AFB1 at the level of 1.86$\pm$0.46 ng/kg/day and liver cancer incidence attributed to AFB1 exposure (assuming that AFB1 as a single hepatocarcinogenic agent) might be calculated to be 13.1 per 100, 000 population. Our data demonstrate that AFB1 levels in foods were below the regulation of 10 ppb in foods and might not be the major risk factor for the high incidence of lover cancer in Korea.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.221-226
• /
• 2015

With the diversification and internationalization of the food industry and the increased focus on health from a majority of consumers, food safety policies are being implemented based on scientific evidence. Risk analysis represents the most useful scientific approach for making food safety decisions. Total diet study (TDS) is often used as a risk assessment tool to evaluate exposure to hazardous elements. Many countries perform TDSs to screen for chemicals in foods and analyze exposure trends to hazardous elements. TDSs differ from traditional food monitoring in two major aspects: chemicals are analyzed in food in the form in which it will be consumed and it is cost-effective in analyzing composite samples after processing multiple ingredients together. In Korea, TDSs have been conducted to estimate dietary intakes of heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, persistent organic pollutants, and processing contaminants. TDSs need to be carried out periodically to ensure food safety.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.523-532
• /
• 2006

This study evaluated the evaluate nutrient knowledge of child care teachers and assessed the nutritional level of snacks served in 18 child care centers in Tean-Gun. The survey sample was 18 child care teachers working in 18 child care centers of Tean-Gun. The questionnaire requested information about demographic factors, nutritional knowledge, management status of snacks, and the kinds and serving size of snacks served for 1 week. Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows(version 12.0) and nutritional values were assessed using Can-pro 2.0. The mean score of teachers' nutritional knowledge was 22 out of 30 points. The scores were low in the questions regarding the ease with which Ca and re deficiencies can be developed in infants. The contents of most nutrients supplied from the snacks exceeded 15% of RI(Recommended Intake) but there were significant differences in the contents of energy (p<0.05), protein (p<0.05), fat (p<0.05), carbohydrate (p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.001) between the child care centers. Especially, the difference of calcium between the child care centers was 344.84 mg. These results indicate that a program of relevant nutritional education focusing on snacks needs to be developed for child care teachers, with a special recognition on correct calcium level.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.935-942
• /
• 2017

In the present study, kohlrabi-kimchi was prepared for assessment of changes in sensory qualities and measurement of changes in quality characteristics according to the storage period for the purpose of using kohlrabi as an ingredient of Kimchi. Examination of the physicochemical properties of kohlrabi-kimchi according to the storage period showed that the acidity increased steadily throughout the storage period, while soluble-solids content, pH and hardness decreased as the storage period elapsed. Meanwhile, the L value increased and then it decreased as the storage period elapsed, but, the a value increased and the b value gradually decreased after day 14 of storage. Reducing sugars increased up to day 10 of storage, and then they decreased slowly after day 15 of storage. Measurement of changes in lactic acid bacteria in kohlrabi-kimchi according to the storage period showed bacterial growth showing typical tendencies of Kimchi with a rapid increase on day 5 of storage and a decrease thereafter. Assessment of sensory qualities of kohlrabi-kimchi according to the storage period showed that the highest scores for appearance and sourness, odor, texture, and overall scores were obtained on day 15 of storage. Based on the above results, it was determined that the optimal maturity period of kohlrabi-kimchi is day 15 of storage.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.641-648
• /
• 2010

This study attempted to estimate the dietary quality and the food diversity by analyzing the military foodservice menu. To evaluate the dietary quality, an analysis of NAR(Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) and MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) were carried out. DDS(Dietary Diversity Score), DVS(Dietary Variety Score) and DMGFV(Dairy Product, Meat, Grain, Fruit, Vegetable group) were used for assessment of food diversity. A Can-pro 3.0 and an excel were used for dietary data analysis and SPSS 12.0 program was used for statistical analysis. The results were as follows. The NAR of the 9 nutrients was above the RDAs and MAR was $1.71{\pm}0.19$. For 19 days(61.3%), DDS was 5 and for 12 days(38.7%), DDS was 4. The average of DDS was $4.6{\pm}0.25$. The Fruit & vegetable groups were not often served compared to other groups and especially fresh fruit were not given enough. The average of DVS and DVSS were $22.48{\pm}0.61$ and $29.26{\pm}0.66$ each. The most frequent food pattern was 'DMGFV=11111' which was served for 19 days(61.3%) and second frequent pattern 'DMGFV=11101' was served for 12 days(38.7%). DDS was significantly associated with Vit. C intake and DVS and DVSS was significantly related to Vit. $B_1$ and Vit. $B_2$ intakes. The MAR was significantly correlated with only DVSS. It could be interpreted that DVSS is a useful parameter for evaluating nutrient intakes as previous studies verified. Based on these findings, it can be said that military foodservice was provided with adequate nutrition and diversity. Menu was well composed of various foods which met the nutrition standards, but should provide more fresh fruits for adequate provision of vitamins and minerals.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional knowledge, nutrients intake and the assessment of dietary behavior of old peoples living in Incheon area. Two hundred and three elderly were examined using the questionnaire. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The old people was lacking in correct information about nutrition and diseases. 2. The nutritional knowledge scores of old women were higher than those of old men and the scores went up according to the amount of pocket money. 3. The amount of vitamin C and phosphorus intakes were higher than those of the RDA, protein intake reached the level of the RDA. The vitamin B$_2$intake, however, was below 75% of the RDA and that of calcium was very low in women, especially. 4. Most of subjects had a meal regularly three times a day and the skipping rate of breakfast was very low. Dey had a moderate meal volume and did not have an unbalanced diet. Dey nearly do not take the processed food, dine out and exceed in the cholesterol intake. 5. They took green and yellow vegetables and, milk and milk products relatively small. On the other hand, the intake of caffein beverage was relatively high. the rates of drinking and smoking were low. From these results, we may propose the conclusion as follows: The old people were much concerned about the nutrition and diseases, but they had no correct informations about them. Therefore, the program of nutrition and dietary behavior for their healthy elderly life had to be prepared and to be applied to them immediately.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.658-666
• /
• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The current study examined trends in adherence to dietary recommendations and compared the levels of adherence between diagnosed and undiagnosed subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korea over the past 14 years. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data were collected from the 1998-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). Diagnosed diabetes was defined as giving a positive response to questions about awareness of the disease, a physician's diagnosis of diabetes, or medical treatment for diabetes, whereas undiagnosed diabetes was defined as having a fasting glucose level ${\geq}126mg/dl$. Assessment of adherence level was based on 6 components of dietary guidelines, considering meal patterns and intake levels of calories, carbohydrates, vegetable/seaweed, sodium, and alcohol. The participants received 1 point if they met the criteria for each of the 6 components, and the total possible score ranged from 0 to 6 points. Multivariate generalized linear regression was performed, taking into account the complex survey design. RESULTS: Among all diabetic patients aged 30 years or older, the proportion of diagnosed diabetes increased dramatically, from 40.9% in 1998 to 75.9% in 2012 (P for trend < 0.001). The overall adherence levels to dietary recommendations were low and did not significantly differ between diagnosed and undiagnosed subjects with T2DM for all survey years. Several improvements were observed, including increased adherence to maintaining sufficient vegetable/seaweed consumption (increased from 0.12 to 0.16 points) and limiting sodium intake (increased from 0.12-0.13 points to 0.19-0.24 points; P for trend < 0.001), while adherence to maintaining moderate alcohol consumption decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of data collected by the KNHANES indicates that Korean T2DM patients have poor adherence to dietary recommendations and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle, regardless of disease awareness. This finding suggests that development of practical, evidence-based guidelines is necessary and that provision and expansion of educational programs for T2DM patients is critical after diagnosis.