• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.312-320
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• 2021

본 연구는 치어 돌가자미(Kareius bicoloratus) 성장에 도움을 줄 수 있는 사료첨가물 개발을 위해 갈색거저리유충 분말배지(5 %)에 어병 항균 기능을 가지는 유산균을 발효 한 후, 사료첨가물로써의 효능을 실험하였다. 어류 병원체(비브리오균, 연쇄상구균)에 대한 항균기능을 가진 유산균(LAB; L. plantarum, W. paramesenteroides, P. acidilactici)으로 발효한 갈색거저리 추출 발효물의 양어 성장 실증실험을 위해 총 600 마리의 치어 돌가자미(약 5~6 g)를 공시하여 100마리씩 수조 6개에 임의 배치한 후 각 3수조씩 대조군과 실험군으로 분류하여 6주간 평균 전장과 체중을 측정하였다. 6주 후에 대조군의 전장 평균은 8.26 cm, 실험군은 8.42 cm이며, 대조군의 체중 평균은 19.71 g, 실험군은 20.28 g으로 HeTm_LpWpPa 첨가에 있어 성장효과가 증대됨을 확인하였다. 6주간의 증체율은 대조군 223.26 %, 실험군 248.76 %로 HeTm_LpWpPa 첨가군이 25.5 %p 성장효과가 높고, 6주 동안의 일간성장률은 대조군 2.79 %/일, 실험군 2.98 %/일로 실험군이 0.19 %p 더 높았다. 또한 평균 체중 이하의 개체 수에 있어서도 3주째에는 대조군 27마리(9 %), 실험군 9마리(3 %)이고, 6주째에는 대조군 17마리(5.7 %), 실험군 3마리(1 %)로 실험군에서는 평균 체중 이하가 1 %로 균일한 성장 효과가 있었다. 이들 결과는 동애등에 유충 추출 유산균 발효물(HeTm_LpWpPa) 사료 첨가물의 10 % 내외까지 사용은 돌가자미를 포함하는 양어 치어의 성장 촉진에 유효할 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2022

Thirty-six weaned piglets with an initial body weight (BW) of 8.43 ± 0.40 kg (28 days of age, ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments for a 2-week feeding trial to determine the effects of different inorganic zinc (IZ), organic zinc (OZ) or combination of low crude protein diet (LP) and Mixed feed additive (MFA) on diarrhea score, nutrient digestibility, zinc utilization, blood profiles, organ weight, and fecal microflora in weaned piglet diet. The pigs were individually placed in 45 × 55 × 45 cm stainless steel metabolism cages in an environmentally controlled room (30 ± 1℃). The dietary treatments included a negative control (NC), positive control (PC; zinc oxide, 1,000 mg/kg), T1 (IZ : OZ, 850 : 150), T2 (IZ : OZ 700 : 300), T3 (IZ : OZ, 500 : 500), and T4 (LP + MFA [0.1% Essential oils + 0.08% Protease + 0.02% Xylanase]). The daily feed allowance was adjusted to 2.7 times the maintenance requirement for digestible energy (2.7 × 110 kcal of DE/kg BW^0.75). This allowance was divided into two equal parts, and the piglets were fed at 08 : 30 and 17 : 30 each day. Water was provided ad libitum through a drinking nipple. The diarrhea score was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in NC treatment compared with other treatments. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and gross energy (GE) was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the T2 treatment compared with the PC and NC treatments in week 1. In week 2, the ATTD of DM, N, and GE was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the NC treatment compared with other treatments. The T3 treatment had significantly higher (p < 0.05) ATTD and apparent ileal digestibility of zinc than the PC and T1 treatments. The Escherichia coli count in feces was significantly decreased in the T4 treatment compared with the NC and T2 treatments. The Lactobacillus count in feces was significantly increased in the T4 and T1 treatment compared with the T2 and T3 treatments. In conclusion, IZ : OZ 500 : 500 levels could improve nutrient digestibility and zinc utilization in weaned piglets, Moreover, MFA in LP diets could be used as a zinc alternative.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.535-549
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• 2023

This study was to investigate the effects of different phytogenic feed additives (PFA) dosage levels in growing- finishing pigs stressed by high stocking density. A total of 72 mix sexed 12 weeks growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with initial body weight (BW) of 49.28 ± 4.58 kg were used for 8 weeks. There were 3 replicate pens in each treatment group, with 3 pigs per pen. The dietary treatment groups consisted of basal diets in animal welfare density (negative control [NC]), basal diet in high stocking density (positive control [PC]), PC + 0.04% essential oil (ES1), PC + 0.08% essential oil (ES2), PC + 0.10% bitter citrus extract & essential oil (CES1), PC + 0.20% bitter citrus extract & essential oil (CES2), PC + 0.05% grape pomace extract (GP1), PC + 0.10% grape pomace extract (GP2). The reduction of space allowance decreased (p < 0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy. Also, the fecal score of PC groups increased (p < 0.05) compared with other groups. Basic behaviors (feed intake, standing, lying) were inactive (p < 0.05) and singularity behavior (biting) was increased (p < 0.10) under high stocking density. There was no difference in blood profile. However, the supplementation of PFA alleviated the negative effects such as reduced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and some increasing stress indicators in th blood (cortisol) and animal behavior (biting). In conclusion, the negative effect of high stocking density was most effectively mitigated by the normal dosage of the mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil additive (CES1).

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.593-603
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of pine needle extract on the color, hardness, springiness, chewiness, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, and total bacterial number of seasoned pork meat stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 9 days. The pH levels of sauce samples were not affected by the mixing rate of the extracts. Acidity, soluble solids, and salinity gradually increased as the amount of added extract increased. Total polyphenolic contents in the sauce ranged from $1.01{\pm}0.02$ mg GAE/mL to $1.41{\pm}0.04$ mg GAE/mL, DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from $0.06{\pm}0.01$ AEAC to $0.12{\pm}0.01$ AEAC, and ABTS radical scavenging activity ranged from $0.11{\pm}0.01$ AEAC to $0.19{\pm}0.01$ AEAC. The pH levels significantly decreased as the amount of added extract increased. The lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) values of meat tended to decrease with longer storage period (p<0.05). Hardness and chewiness also increased with longer storage period (p<0.05). The TBARS values decreased as the amount of added extract increased after 6 days (p<0.05). Total bacterial numbers of P5, P10, and P15 decreased compared to the control (p<0.05). In the sensory evaluation, taste and palatability were not significantly different among C, P5, and P10 (p<0.05). Further, flavor, color, tenderness, and juiciness were not different among the seasoned pork meats. These results suggest that pine needle extract can inhibit protein degradation, lipid oxidation, and bacterial growth when used as an additive to seasoned pork meat.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권10호
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• pp.24.1-24.8
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• 2018

Background: Following the ban on the importation of import-dependent fed ingredients in most developing countries, the need to look inward for local content is now compelling. Thus, leaf meals that have phytogenic additive potentials are envisaged will be a viable feed ingredient in rabbit diets. Methods: The effect of dietary inclusion of gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) with or without multi-enzyme (E) supplementation in rabbits was investigated using ninety-six 35-day old rabbits of crossbreed (Newzealand and Chinchilla). One basal diet that met the requirements of growing rabbit was formulated (Diet 1). Thereafter, another two diets were formulated to contain 15% GLM and 15% GLM plus multi-enzyme at 1 g/kg and designated as diets 2 and 3 respectively. The rabbits were randomly distributed into the 3 diets (32 rabbits/treatment; 4 rabbits/replicate) and fed their respective experimental diets for 8 weeks. Results: The body weight and daily weight gain of the rabbits fed on GLM free diet and those on GLM-based diets (diets 1 and 2) were similar at finishing period of 63-91 day but have lower (P < 0.01) values than those rabbits fed GLM + E based diet (diet 3) at finishing period (63-91 days) and whole fattening period (35-91 days). The apparent dry matter and crude protein digestibility of rabbits fed control diet and those fed 15% GLM based diet were lower (P < 0.05) than those fed 15% GLM + E-based diet. Triglycerides concentration of rabbits fed 15% GLM-based diet without enzyme addition were lower (P < 0.05) than those observed for rabbits on the rest test diets. Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein levels of rabbits fed 15% GLM and 15% GLM + E-based diets were lower (P < 0.05) than those fed the GLM free diet. The superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase of rabbits fed the GLM free diet (diet 1) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those fed the 15%GLM and 15% GLM + E-based diets. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of GLM at 15% of the diet did not have a negative effect on the rabbits postweaning period (35-63 days) but will require multi-enzyme supplementation to enhance growth indices at finishing period (63-91 day) without precipitating negative effect on the rabbits' health status.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.290-294
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• 1999

참전복의 성장을 증진시키거나 품질을 개선시킬 수 있는 첨가제를 탐색하기 위해, 오징어분 $5\%$, 먹이유인물질 $0.5\%$, 한약제$1\%$ 및 lecithin $0.5\%$를 각각 첨가한 배합사료를 설계하여 외국에서 수입된 상품사료와 비교하였다. 평균체중 150mg의 참전복 치패를 대상으로 각 사료당 4반복으로 18주간 사육 실험한 결과, 최종 평균체중은 한약제를 첨가한 실험구가 720mg으로 가장 높았고, lecithin를 첨가한 실험구가 610mg으로 가장 낮았으며 (P<0.1), 상품사료는 660 mg이었다. 생존율과 가식부의 일반성분은 사료구간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다 (P>0.1). 증체율은 한약제 첨가 사료가 $405\%$로 가장 높아 오징어분 첨가구, lecithin 첨가구 및 상품사료의 $320\~329\%$ 보다 높았다 (P<0.1). 이와 같이 한약제 첨가구가 오징어 분말, lecithin 및 상품사료보다 성장이 개선되는 경향이 있어, 한약제의 첨가가 성장개선에 도움이 될 것으로 보이며, 금후 이에 대한 연구가 계속 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2014

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary taurine supplementation on the growth performance of juvenile rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Triplicate groups of 25 fish averaging $2.72{\pm}0.04$ g ($mean{\pm}SD$) were fed one of six experimental diets prepared by adding taurine at 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 3.0% (Control, $Tau_{0.25}$, $Tau_{0.5}$, $Tau_{1.0}$, $Tau_{1.5}$ and $Tau_{3.0}$, respectively). At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the $Tau_{0.5}$, $Tau_{1.0}$ and $Tau_{1.5}$ diets were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of fish fed the Control and $Tau_{0.25}$ diets. The feed efficiency of fish fed the $Tau_{0.5}$ diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the Control, $Tau_{0.25}$ and $Tau_{3.0}$ diets. Fish fed the $Tau_{1.0}$ diet had higher whole-body crude protein content than fish fed the Control diet, while the crude lipid content of fish fed the $Tau_{1.5}$ and $Tau_{3.0}$ diets was significantly lower than that of fish fed the Control and $Tau_{0.25}$ diets. An ANOVA suggested that the optimum level of dietary taurine supplementation to improve growth and reduce the body lipid contents of juvenile rock bream, O. fasciatus, was 0.5%, while a broken line analysis of weight gain indicated a level of 0.62%.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1101-1108
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• 1999

대두가수분해물 분무건조 펩타이드(SoyPep)가 자발성고혈압 횐쥐(spontaneously hypertensive rat, SHR)의 혈중지질수준, 생화학적지표 및 조직병리학적 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. SHR을 무작위로 대조군, 3% SoyPep 투여군, 10% SoyPep 투여군으로 구분하여 8주동안 실험사육하였다. 혈중지질 및 항산화성 비타민 수준, GOT 및 GPT활성을 측정하였고, 신장, 혈관조직, 혈장중 ACE 활성을 측정하였다. 또한, 각 주요장기의 조직병리학적 변화를 검토하였다. 식이 SoyPep은 SHR의 혈중 중성지질, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤을 저하시키며, 또한, ACE저해활성 및 혈중 지질 수준의 개선작용을 나타내는 것이 확인되었다. 이들 결과로 보아, 대두 펩타이드는 혈중 지질수준의 증가를 수반하는 질병의 예방을 위한 새로운 기능성 식품소재로서의 활용가치가 매우 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2014

본 연구는 발효 소시지의 저장 기간 중 지질 산화를 억제하고, 항산화 활성이 우수하며, 유해 세균의 오염을 방지하기 위해 첨가되는 아질산염을 대체할 수 있는 천연 첨가제로써 자몽 추출물의 활용 가능성을 알아보고자 수행하였으며, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 자몽 추출물과 김치 유산균을 첨가하여 제조된 발효 소시지에서 우수한 지질 산화 및 유해 세균 억제 효과가 나타났으며, 저장 기간 7일차까지 아질산염과 아스코르빈산을 첨가한 처리구보다 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 아질산염과 L. acidophilus를 혼합하여 제조된 처리구 A와 아질산염과 김치유산균을 혼합한 처리구 B, 아스코르빈산과 김치 유산균을 혼합한 처리구 C, 그리고 자몽 추출물과 김치 유산균을 혼합한 처리구 D의 제품 특성을 비교한 결과, pH는 처리구 D와 처리구 C에서 가장 낮게 나타났고, 유산균수는 자몽 추출물을 첨가한 처리구 D에서 가장 높았으며, 대장균 출현 억제효과는 아질산염과 L. acidophilus를 혼합한 처리구 A를 제외하고는 모두 시료 g당 100마리 이하로 나타났다. 육색 중 명도의 경우, 처리구 간의 유의차는 인정되지 않았으나, 적색도에서는 처리구 D와 아스코르빈산과 김치 유산균을 첨가한 처리구 C에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 황색도는 자몽 추출물을 첨가한 처리구 D에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 조직감의 경우, 자몽 추출물을 첨가한 처리구 D가 다른 처리구에 비해 식감이 우수하였으며, 관능 평가에서는 아스코르빈산을 첨가한 처리구 C와 자몽 추출물이 첨가된 처리구 D에서 우수하게 나타나 자몽 추출물은 발효 소시지를 위한 천연 항산화제로써 활용 가능성이 매우 높았으며, 김치유산균인 L. brevis 또한 발효 과정 중 소시지의 산도를 낮추는데 효과적이며, 저장 기간 동안에도 지속적으로 발효를 유지시켜 유해 세균의 출현 및 성장을 억제하는데 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.668-674
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• 2013

An in vitro fermentation was conducted to determine the effects of hainanmycin on protein degradation and populations of ammonia-producing bacteria. The substrates (DM basis) for in vitro fermentation consisted of alfalfa hay (31.7%), Chinese wild rye grass hay (28.3%), ground corn grain (24.5%), soybean meal (15.5%) with a forage: concentrate of 60:40. Treatments were the control (no additive) and hainanmycin supplemented at 0.1 (H0.1), 1 (H1), 10 (H10), and 100 mg/kg (H100) of the substrates. After 24 h of fermentation, the highest addition level of hainanmycin decreased total VFA concentration and increased the final pH. The high addition level of hainanmycin (H1, H10, and H100) reduced (p<0.05) branched-chain VFA concentration, the molar proportion of acetate and butyrate, and ratio of acetate to propionate; and increased the molar proportion of propionate, except that for H1 the in molar proportion of acetate and isobutyrate was not changed (p>0.05). After 24 h of fermentation, H10 and H100 increased (p<0.05) concentrations of peptide nitrogen and AA nitrogen and proteinase activity, and decreased (p<0.05) $NH_3$-N concentration and deaminase activity compared with control. Peptidase activitives were not affected by hainanmycin. Hainanmycin supplementation only inhibited the growth of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which is one of the species of low deaminative activity. Hainanmycin supplementation also decreased (p<0.05) relative population sizes of hyper-ammonia-producing species, except for H0.1 on Clostridium aminophilum. It was concluded that dietary supplementation with hainanmycin could improve ruminal fermentation and modify protein degradation by changing population size of ammonia-producing bacteria in vitro; and the addition level of 10 mg/kg appeared to achieve the best results.