• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.554-566
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Urban-rural inequities in health and mortality exist in Korea, a highly centralized developed country. The potential impact of multiple health-related lifestyle behaviors on mortality and difference between urban and rural areas is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-risk health behaviors on all-cause mortality among residents living in urban and rural in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on 8,298 adults aged 40 yrs and older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. High-risk behaviors were defined as having poor diet quality, current smoking, high-risk drinking, or insufficient physical activity. Mortality status was linked to the Cause of Death data followed up to December 31, 2019. The associations between all-cause mortality and high-risk behaviors were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, income, and survey year. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated, and effect modification analysis was conducted. Participants were stratified by residential area (urban or rural). RESULTS: During the follow-up (median: 5.4 yrs), 313 deaths occurred. A higher proportion of rural residents than urban residents engaged in multiple high-risk behaviors (28.9% vs. 22.6%; P < 0.0001). As individual factors, a greater risk of mortality was associated with poor diet quality, current smoking, and inadequate physical activity, and these tendencies persisted in rural residents, especially for diet quality. Multiple high-risk behaviors were positively associated with a higher risk of mortality in Koreans living in urban and rural areas. PAF (95% confidence interval) was 18.5% (7.35-27.9%) and 29.8% (16.1-40.2%) in urban and rural residents, respectively. No additive or multiplicative effect of the region was observed. CONCLUSION: The higher prevalence of multiple high-risk lifestyle behaviors in rural residents may explain the higher mortality in rural areas compared to urban areas. Comprehensive public health policies to improve health-related behaviors in rural populations may be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of obese children's life style habits in order to contribute to the prevention and management obesity. The survey group included B,D, and J elementary school children. Out of 731 children, 380 were in the obese group and 351 were in a control group following the 1985 Korea Pediatric Association Height and Weight Standard Chart. Through a self questionnaire, a description of background, exercise including play behavior, diet intake, eating behavior and, environment were obtained. The results included that children's obesity is related to parents' obesity and, girls in both control and obese groups participate less in exercise than boys. Also, aspects of the amount of diet intake and speed of eating was significantly more (p<.001) and faster (p<.05) for the obese group. Furthermore, outdoor playing time for the obese group was significantly more than the control group (p<.05). Looking at the results, it is necessary for both school and home to actively involve themselves in guidance and providing an environment that modifies life style habits to prevent childhood obesity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.342-352
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical activity practice rates and knowledge related to cardiocerebrovascular disease prevention on the health behavior of middle aged women. Data were collected from Oct to Nov 2017 from 142 middle-aged women living in 24 Eup, Myeon, and Dong areas in North Gyeongsangbuk-do Province using a structured questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The major factors influencing health behavior were found to be alcohol consumption (${\beta}=0.15$, p=0.009), diet (${\beta}=0.16$, p=0.003), vigorous intensity (${\beta}=0.14$, p=0.011), marriage (${\beta}=0.19$, p<0.001), interest in one's own health (${\beta}=0.23$, p<0.001), and health recognition (ill: ${\beta}=0.31$, p<0.001). Alcohol consumption and diet were factors of cardiocerebrovascular knowledge, vigorous intensity was a factor of physical activity practice rate, marriage and interest in one's own health were factors of general characteristics, and health recognition was a factor in health-related characteristics. Health-promotion activity was positively correlated with knowledge regarding cardiocerebrovascular disease prevention (r=0.41, p<0.001) and physical activity practice rate (r=0.44, p<0.001). It will be necessary to develop and apply practical intervention programs based on disease prevention knowledge and physical activity to enhance the health behavior of middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.529-538
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• 2001

Purpose: This study purposed to examine the disease-related knowledge level and compliance with good health behavior in patients with myocardial infarction according to the atherosclerotic risk factors. Method: The subjects consisted of 72 patients with myocardial infarction and the data were collected by interviewing the subjects with questionnaires and reviewing their medical records from September, 15, 1999 to July 31, 2000. Data were analyzed using the SAS program. Results: 1) With regard to atherosclerotic risk factors: of the subjects, 91.7% lacked regular exercise, followed by smoking (61.1%). 2) The average knowledge score of the patients was 19.7 and the average compliance score was 53.9. 3) There were no significant differences in the total knowledge scores according to the patients' atherosclerotic risk factors. 4) Non-diabetics were significantly higher in knowledge scores on domain of risk factors than the diabetics. 5) The overweight patients were significantly higher in knowledge score on domain of nature of disease than the normalweight patients. 6) The total compliance scores of the non-smokers were significantly higher than those of the smokers. 7) The total compliance scores of the patients who do regular exercise were significantly higher than those of the patients who forgo regular exercise. 8) The non-smokers were significantly higher in compliance scores on domain of diet than the smokers. 9) The diabetic patients were significantly higher in compliance scores on domain of smoking cessation than the non-diabetics. 10) Patients who do regular exercise were significantly higher in compliance scores on other domains than the patients who forgo regular exercise. Conclusion: According to the above findings, it can be concluded that intensive nursing care and education should be provided to patients who have atherosclerotic risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, over weight, or hypercholesterolemia to increase disease related knowledge level and to improve compliance with good health behavior.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.234-245
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate factors related to Chinese female marriage immigrants' dietary adaptation. An in-person survey was conducted by a research institute on Chinese female marriage immigrants married to Korean men, having one child or more aged 1~6 years old, and having resided in Korea for at least 1 year before the survey. Data were collected from 309 respondents comprising 151 Han Chinese and 158 Korean-Chinese during the summer of 2013. About two-thirds of respondents were in their 30s and had resided in Korea for 5 to 10 years. Based on the overall mean score for dietary adaptation level (3.50 out of 5 points), the respondents were classified into two groups: low dietary adaptation group (mean score 3.11) and high dietary adaptation group (mean score 3.81). The results of comparative analysis between the two groups showed that the levels of acculturation (p<0.01) and healthy dietary behavior (p<0.01) for the high dietary adaptation group were significantly higher than those of low dietary adaptation group. The number of respondents of the high dietary adaptation group reporting increased food diversity (p<0.01) and decreased frequency of skipping meals (p<0.01) was significantly higher compare to the low dietary adaptation group. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify factors related to dietary adaptation. General characteristics, levels of acculturation, and healthy dietary behavior were included as independent variables. As a result, levels of acculturation and healthy dietary behavior as well as education level, monthly household income, and length of residence in Korea were associated with dietary adaptation. In conclusion, Chinese female marriage immigrants showing acculturated and healthy dietary behaviors adapted well to Korean dietary life. The results from this study suggest that diet-related adaptation support programs for Chinese female marriage immigrants may positively affect their acculturation and dietary behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.697-708
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of the questionnaires used in dietary surveys and to evaluate each item in relation to the item construction strategy. Articles of which the contents were related to food, nutrition, diet, dietary behavior, and related areas. Published from 1997 to 1999 were searched fir and a total of 121 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The questions in the questionnaires were classified into related areas and sub-areas. Among the keywords in the title of the articles, the term 'nutritional status'(or 'dietary intake status') was most frequently used. The terms such as dietary status, obesity, health, food habit, and dietary behavior were also frequency used. Major topics of the items in the questionnaires varied according to the life cycle of the subjects of the study. The topics most frequently asked in each lift cycle were as follows : overeating, snack, and food preference for preschool- and school-aged children ; anthropometry, weight control, and snack for middle and highschool students : meal skipping, smoking, and drinking for college students : disease, smoking, drinking, and exercise for adults : and smoking, drinking, disease and perceived health for the elderly. Inappropriate questions with complicated language, typographic and grammatic errors, unnecessary words, and negative questions were found. Therefore, care should be taken to construct each question so as to avoid possible misinterpretation. Also, a standardized questionnaire be developed for survey researchers.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.561-567
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• 1999

This study was conducted to provide information about weight control behavior in adolescent females. To explain the behavior intention of dieting, conceptual framework based on "Social Support, Control and the Stress Process Model" and "Theory of Reasoned Action" was used. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires with 463 female high school and college students in Daegu. Analysis of data was done using mean, correlation and multiple regression analysis with the SAS computer program. A society preoccupied with thinness gives a burden to women, and this burden may stress dissatisfaction with body image. Social perception of ideal body image except parents' perception, and salient others'perception, and salient others' expectation of subjects' body image except parents' expectation, were much thinner than normal figures in this study. The influencing factors for behavior intention of dieting of the subjects were perceived stress and attitude toward diet behavior, especially beliefs of behavioral outcome. Influencing factors related to perceived stress-that is dissatisfaction of body image-were current figure, social perception of body image, effect of mass communication and others' estimation of subjects' body image with self-comparison with others, in order.th others, in order.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a mobile-based self-management health alarm (MSHA) program for modifying obese children's lifestyle based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model and to test its feasibility. Methods: A methodological study for the development of the MSHA program and pilot study with a one-group pretest-posttest design for feasibility testing was conducted. The MSHA program was designed to provide obesity-related information (I), monitor daily diet and exercise, provide motivational text messages (M), and enhance healthy diet and exercise skills (B) via a mobile-based web platform. In the feasibility test, six obese children participated in the 4-week program, and the number of days per week that they achieved their goals and differences in metabolic components were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Participants successfully achieved their diet and exercise goals≥5 days per week. Body mass index (z=-1.99, p=.046), waist circumference (z=-2.20, p=.028), and triglyceride levels (z=-2.21, p=.027) significantly decreased. Conclusion: The MSHA program showed positive effects on health behaviors and metabolic syndrome risk. The program may be effective in improving metabolic syndrome in obese children by promoting self-health management behaviors.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.413-423
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the changes of health behaviors and concepts via self-reflection after health education with 6 videotapes for undergraduate students. Method: After the first semester in 2011, we collected the data for evaluating their own health-related life-style. Using qualitative content method, the data were analyzed. Result: Thirty-nine students participated in this study. Average age was 22.7 years, and 27 were male. Thirty-seven students replied unhealthy diet pattern; irregular meal time and binge. Four themes and 11 subjects emerged. The four themes were new perception for health and illness, evaluation of own health state, checking for health-related lifestyle, and trying to change for a healthy life pattern. The eleven subjects were chance to change their health habits, new perception about illness experience with family, uncertainty about upcoming health, worry about disease occurring, grasp the facts of unhealthy diet pattern, less exercise, growing stress, high-pressure drinking culture in the university, increasing concern for a healthy life, trying to change lifestyle, and difficulty in changing lifestyle. Conclusion: From the results of this study, we concluded that self-reflection on the health behaviors after health education with videotapes could reinforce to change health behaviors and concepts for undergraduate students.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.929-955
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to 1) explore the effectiveness of a college-level self-management (SM) course in improving a target behavior and reducing impulsivity, 2) investigate improvements in other non-target self-control behaviors(generalization of self-control), and 3) determine whether change in impulsivity could predict the generalization of self-control. A total of 128 College students who took the SM course were included. Participants completed the computerized delay-discounting task, self-report impulsiveness scale, and general self-control behavior questionnaire at the beginning and end of the course. After participants had defined their target behaviors, they self-monitored and recorded their behaviors everyday throughout the course. Results revealed that 63% of the participants successfully changed their target behaviors after the course. Although differing depending on the type of target behavior, thoes who successfully changed their target behaviors reported decreases in impulsivity and increases in other self-control behaviors such as physical exercise, healthy diet, study habits, and time management, after the course. Furthermore, the decrease of impulsivity significantly predicted the generalization of self-control in the exercise and diet groups. The results indicate that reduced impulsivity is related to improvements in a target behavior and general self-control behaviors in other spheres. Implications and limitations are also discussed.