• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.841-847
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate on bone density and nutrient intake of university students in Seoul area. Nutrient intake data were obtained by using the 24-hour recall method to evaluate the usual diet of the subjects. BQI(bone quality index) of the subjects was measured by an Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS). The results are summarized as follows: The average height, weight, BMI of the male and female student were 173.3 cm, 68.5 kg, 22.7; 161.4 cm, 54.2 kg, 20.8, respectively. The BQI and Z-score of the subjects were 99.50, -0.69 in male student group, and 82.6, -1.15 in female student group, respectively. Normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis percentage by bone status were 73.8%, 24.9%, 1.3% in male student group, and 39.8%, 57.6%, 2.6% in female student group, respectively. Energy intake of male and female group were 71.7%, 79.1% of EER(estimated energy requirement) respectively. Fiber, Ca, Vit $B_2$, niacin, folic acid, Vit C intake were less than RI(recommended intake) and protein, phosphorus intake were higher than RI in subjects. Nutrient intake were not significantly related with BQI in male and female groups generally.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.47-58
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• 2012

This study, targeting the students of "K" university in Busan City area, was performed to draw the groups by food-related lifestyle types and to identify the correlation between each group's attributes of selecting places to eat out and obesity index. The purpose of the study was achieved by means of the PASW Statistic 18.0(Predictive Analytics Software) which conducted frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, non-hierarchical cluster analysis and ANOVA. It turned out that the male university students were 175.59 cm tall and weigh 69.53 kg on average. And the female university students showed their average height of 162.81 cm and weight of 53.42 kg. When examined by the body mass index(BMI), male students were composed of 1.7% of underweight, 64.6% of normal weight, 19.7% of overweight and 14.0% of obese. As for the female students, 22.9% were classified as underweight, 62.7% as normal weight, 8.5% as overweight and 5.9% as obese. The food-related lifestyle categories were divided into five factors; health seeking type, safety seeking type, mood seeking type, taste seeking type, and western food seeking type. The four attributes of selecting places to eat out included quality of food and service, price reasonableness, accessibility and atmosphere, and experience to have eaten. With regard to food-related lifestyle, the groups were named by cluster 1 [careless diet group], Cluster 2 [health oriented group], and cluster3 [careless healthcare group]. In terms of the correlation between the clusters by food-related lifestyle and their attributes of selecting places to eat out, Cluster 1 had a high mean value in experience to have eaten, Cluster 2 quality of food and service, Cluster 3 accessibility and atmosphere.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 1999

This study was carried out to evaluate high-school students' nutrient intakes according to the status of body mass index, and to analyze the Physical health status. The volunteers were 560 high school students in 8 provinces, but 511 students were analyzed. It was used questionnaire method as an instrument tool. The questions were composed with socio-demographic characteristics, physical health condition by CMI. and the evaluation of food consumption by 24 hours recall method. Anthrophometric measurement of height and weight was used the data of health chart of each school-class. The family situation of the subjects was mostly nuclear family(73%), agricultural work(53%), and normal living situation(75%). The students of the BMI range of 18-23 were 71%. but those of the overweight(over 23) were 15%. The individual characteristics were different in BMI. Female and third grade students were more of BMI scores. The overall nutrient intakes of students were low compared with Korean RDA of adolescent. especially iron. calcium. vitamin A, and riboflavin. The mean adequacy ratio(MAR) of nutrient intakes was 0.45$\pm$0.23 only. The energy nutrients, ash, and vitamin A intakes were significantly different according to the different BMI groups. But the other mineral and vitamin intakes were not different according to BMI. By the correlation of individual characters with BMI, height was negatively and weight and school grade were positively correlated, but sleeping time and study accomplishment were not correlated. By the correlation of nutrient intakes with BMI, there were negative correlation with the intakes of energy, carbohydrates, potassium, and thiamin. According to this results, We concluded that Korean high-school students living in rural were lower intake of nutrients(iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin) and unbalanced nutrient intakes(MAR of 0.45$\pm$0.23). The state of lower intakes of energy nutrients and vitamin A intakes in higher BMI group mean the students spend their effort to reduce BMI for avoiding obesity. But they need to balanced diet. and good nutrient intakes. These situations would be necessary for students to ameliorate quality of living in rural.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the composition of the fatty acids in the breast meat of Red-brown Korean native chickens (KNC-R). This study used a total sample of three hundred eighty-two KNC-R (males: 190, females: 192). We used the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) method to extract the fatty acids. A 2-way ANOVA of the R program was used to assess the effects of batch and sex on each fatty acid trait. Analysis of the fatty acid in the sampled population showed that the predominant fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:1; 28.252%) which is monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0; 20.895%), saturated fatty acid (SFA), and two omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs): linoleic (C18:2; 15.975%), and arachidonic (C20:4; 10.541%). Indices used to evaluate the nutritional quality of fat in the diet: ratio between PUFAs and SFAs (P/S), thrombogenicity index (TI), and atherogenicity index (AI) were calculated and were 0.959, 0.814, and 0.355, respectively. Currently, meat consumers need healthier fatty acids. Therefore, information on the content of fatty acid in chicken meat is very important for meat consumers in choosing the type of the meat to be consumed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.407-418
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• 2012

Many displaced North Koreans (NK) are living in South Korea (SK); however nutrition research with the displaced NK is limited. This study examined food and nutrient consumption status of displaced NK children (6-18 year-old) currently living in SK. A total of 154 children were recruited, and a pre-tested dietary behavior questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hr recall method were used. Sex- and age-matched SK children (n = 462) randomly selected from 2009-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used as the comparison group. This study found that more NK children skipped breakfast (37%) and dinner (11%), and ate breakfast (38.8%) and dinner (18.2%) without family members than SK children. Many NK children reported that they rarely ate bread, rice cake, hamburger, pizza, fried food, candy. NK children consumed significantly less energy and nutrients (except calcium) and obtained more energy from fat and protein than SK children. Overall index of nutrient quality in NK children, however, was generally good. Length of stay in SK and breakfast skipping rates were significantly associated with lower diet quality. Therefore, nutrition education with displaced NK children should target those who recently came to SK. How to incorporate "new" foods, generally high in energy, sugar, or fat, in healthy ways and importance of breakfast should be emphasized. The growth patterns of the displaced NK children who were born and raised in food-deprived environments and will grow in food-affluent environments of SK should be monitored for health promotion of the NK children and for nutrition policy of the future united Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.326-335
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• 2003

This study was carried out to collect information to establish a framework for meal management and nutritional service for prevention of chronic degenerative disease in the industrial workers. We investigated the health concerned life-style, nutrient intakes, anthropometry and biochemical parameters in the male workers in Korea by work condition. Anthropometric parameters of height, weight, waist, hip and triceps skinfold thickness were measured and biochemical parameters including Urine pH, hemoglobin, blood glucose, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, $\gamma$-GPT and blood pressure were determined for 101 subjects(50 office workers : 33.9yr, 51 laborers : 34.4yr). To assess the nutrient intakes and diet quality of workers, dietary intake was measured by one day 24-hour recall method. Result of anthropometric parameters of height(p<0.01), weight(p<0.05), hip(p<0.05), TSF(p<0.01) were significantly higher in office workers than in laborers. Biochemical parameters were not significantly difference in both of them. Average daily nutrient intakes of both groups was higher than the Korean RDA and report on 2001 National Health & Nutrition Survey. The calcium(p<0.01), iron(p<0.05), vitamin A(p<0.01), vitamin B1(p<0.01) and niacin(p<0.05) intakes in laborers were significantly higher than in office workers. Nutrition adequacy ratio(NAR), mean adequacy ratio(MAR) and index of nutritional quality(INQ) of laborers were higher than those of office workers. This results indicated that the onset possibility of chronic degenerative disease appeared higher in office workers. Therefore, meal menagement and nutritional service for prevention of chronic degenerative disease of industrial works needs to be more variant guidelines.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2009

The study was performed to investigate the relationship of regular exercise to body composition and nutrient intakes of male college students by comparing anthropometric measurements and one-day dietary intakes by 24-hour recall of physical education (PE) majors and non-major male college students. The subjects were 253 students residing in the Gyeonggi area. Only 64.1% and 32.1% of PE majors and non-major students exercised over 4 times a week and PE major students did stronger exercise than the non-major students did. Mean BMI and WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) of the two groups were not different. But percentages of body fat and lean body mass in PE major students were lower and higher, respectively, than those of non-major students. PE major students consumed significantly more energy and other nutrients except iron, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin E than non-major students. Nutrients consumed less than KRDA was calcium in PE major students and energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin $B_{12}$, folate, and vitamin C in non-major students. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of PE major students (1.00) was significantly higher than that of non-major students (0.94). Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) of all nutrients except vitamin A of PE major students was also significantly higher than that of non-major students. Nutrients below 1.00 in INQ of both groups were calcium, zinc, vitamin B2, and folate. Our data supports that regular exercise may positively influence on body composition and increase diet quality in male college students. Therefore, an educational program focused on regular exercise along with proper dietary behavior would be needed.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.3_spc
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• pp.443-448
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• 2021

Objective: Astaxanthin is a natural super antioxidant. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of astaxanthin rich Phaffia rhodozyma (PR) supplementation in diets on laying production performance, egg quality, antioxidant defenses and immune defenses in laying hens. Methods: A total of five hundred and twelve 60-week-old Lohmann Brown laying hens (2,243±12 g) were randomly assigned to four groups, each including 4 replicates with 32 birds per replicate. Astaxanthin rich PR was added to corn-soybean meal diets to produce experimental diets containing 0 (Control), 800 mg/kg, 1,200 mg/kg, and 1,600 mg/kg PR, respectively. The astaxanthin content in the diet was 0.96 mg/kg, 1.44 mg/kg and 1.92 mg/kg respectively. Results: Results showed that dietary PR supplementation tended to increase daily feed intake (p = 0.0512). There was no effect of astaxanthin rich PR on Haugh units, albumen height, egg shape index, eggshell strength, and eggshell thickness at weeks 6 (p>0.05). However, egg yolk color was significantly improved (p<0.05). In addition, astaxanthin rich PR supplementation significantly increased serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity (p<0.05), increased serum immunoglobulin G content (p<0.05), and reduced malondialdehyde content (p<0.05) in laying hens. Conclusion: In conclusion, astaxanthin rich PR can improve the color of egg yolk, enhance the antioxidant defenses, and regulate the immune function.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.523-534
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• 2015

Twenty four Holstein steers (average body weight $714{\pm}13.60kg$) were used in this experiment to determine the effect of supplementing of microbial culture and coated vitamin-C on growth performances and carcass characteristics in finishing Holstein steers. Holstein steers were randomly assigned to feeding groups of control group (Con, 12 kg of basal diet/head/day), microbial culture group (MC, 12 kg of basal diet + 30 g of microbial culture/head/day) and coated vitamin-C group (CVC, 12 kg of basal diet + 10 g of coated vitamin-C/head/day). MC and CVC groups were higher in ADG compared to control (P<0.05). FCR was also lower in MC and CVC groups than control group (P<0.05). Back fat thickness, rib-eye area, marbling score, meat color and yield index were not changed by supplementing microbial culture and coated vitamin-C. MC group was higher for maturity compared to control and CVC group (P<0.05). CVC group was higher for fat color compared to control and MC group (P<0.05). Based on the results obtained from the current study, supplementation of microbial culture and coated vitamin-C as an alternative to antibiotic might increase growth performances and enhance carcass characteristics in finishing Holstein steers. However, more studies are needed to find out the optimum supplementing period of microbial culture or coated vitamin-C for high quality meat production from Holstein steers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2012

Feeding trial was conducted with 80 Hanwoo steers (7.5 months of age, 204.4 kg body weight) for 680 days from growing period to late fattening period to examine the feeding value of whole crop barley silage TMR (BS-TMR) and whole crop rye silage TMR (RS-TMR) on body gain, feed cost, slaughter characteristics and quality characteristics of $longissimus$ $dorsi$ muscle. Dietary treatments were conventional separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw (control), feeding BS TMR up to middle fattening period and same diet as for control during late fattening period (BS-TMR I), feeding BS-TMR for whole experimental period (BS-TMR II), feeding RS TMR up to middle fattening period and same diet as for control during late fattening period (RS-TMR I) and RS TMR for whole experimental period (RS-TMR II). Sixteen castrated calves were assigned to each treatment (4 pens, 4 heads per pen). Pens in each treatment were randomly distributed. Feeding both BS silage TMR and RS silage TMR slightly increased body gain of Hanwoo steers at the stages of growing and early fattening, and increased (P<0.0001) at middle fattening compared to feeding control diet while control diet tended to increase body gain at late fattening stage compared to feeding BS-TMR I, BS-TMR II and RS-TMR I diets. Total body gain was slightly increased in Hanwoo steers fed both I and II for BS and RS TMR compared to that in control diet. Feed cost per kg gain per head was relatively low in the Hanwoo steers fed silage TMRs to that fed control diet. Carcass weight, back fat thickness and $longissimus$ $dorsi$ area of Hanwoo steers tended to increase but lowered (P<0.047) yield index by feeding silage TMRs. Feeding BS TMR slightly decreased marbling score but no difference was found in the number of head over grade 1 between diets. Control diet tended to improve yield grade compared to silage TMRs. Chemical composition, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss and pH, color and fatty acid composition of $longissimus$ $dorsi$ were not affected by experimental diets and feeding duration of silage TMRs. Shear force, however, was increased (P<0.046) by silage TMRs without difference between them compared to control diet. Based on the results of the current study, BS TMR and RS TMR could improve body gain and reduce feed cost without deteriorating meat quality compared to separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw. Overall feeding value was similar between BS TMR and RS TMR.