• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.123-135
• /
• 2002

Purpose: In this study, the critical pathway for laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients was developed and applied for clinical study. The effectiveness of the critical pathway was analyzed. Method: The subjects with no critical pathway services of this study were 30 laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation patients, who were hospitalized in B General Hospital in Busan from Nov. 28. 2000 to May 2. 2001. The subjects with critical pathway services of this study were 30 laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation patients, who were hospitalized in B General Hospital in Busan from June. 11. 2001 to Oct. 31. 2001. Results: 1. Development for critical pathway Preliminary critical pathway for the laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients was developed though analysis of the reference and 34 case of medical record. The items on the y-axis were assessment, test, treatment, diet, fluid, consult, medication, activity and education and the items on the x-axis were till 3days after operation. The developed critical pathway was applied in clinical field. 2.　Effectiveness of application on developed critical pathwayPost operational complication was not found in neither the critical pathway using Group nor Non-using Group. Hospitalization period mean was 4.63 days for the using Group and 5.93 days for the Non-using Group(P=.001). The mean cost for medical examination and treatment for the using Group was 786,270 won, 117,454 won(12.9%) less than that of the Non-using Group, 903,724 won(P=.000). The degree of satisfaction for the using group was 3.7 points, for the Non-using Group, 3.15 points. The degree of satisfaction for the used Group was 0.55 points higher than that for the Non-using Group and there was a statistically significant difference(P=.000). Concousion: From results of this study, Using the critical pathway in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy operational patients was effective in decreasing the hospitalization period and cost, and increasing the satisfaction about the medical service.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.581-600
• /
• 2014

This study examines the relationship between food purchase accessibility for 86 homemakers and that for 42 grocery stores. The Study area included Bibong-myeon and Maesong-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, to represent a rural area. The analysis classified three regions (residence, outside of residence, and other areas) and seven types of grocery stores (LDS, CS, NCS, CC, NCC, TM, and other). The expansion of the area range increased the availability of food items and the accessibility of large-scale grocery stores as well as those for food procurement. The respondents had difficulty preparing family meals and buying food items because of a lack of food item variety and the small scale of grocery stores. In particular, fresh meat, fruits, and fish were difficult to purchase, causing some nutritional imbalance. These results suggest a need to develop meal composition samples and programs that can actively encourage the intake of meat and fish products with a diet based in self-produced vegetables for better dietary behaviors.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.163-173
• /
• 2014

This study investigates the dietary risk factors in elderly individuals in rural Korea by focusing on the development of service programs that can improve their health. The sample included 1,000 free-living elderly individuals aged 65 and over in rural Korea. A three-stage stratified random sampling method based on 2010 Korean census data was employed. Data on the dietary status and the need for assistance in meal management were collected through face-to-face interviews. The dietary status was evaluated based on the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist, and the outcomes for three groups classified base on their family type were examined. According to NSI scores, more than 70% of the subjects faced some nutritional risk. The activities most requiring assistance in meal management included preparing meals (18.3%) and purchasing food items (11.7%). More than half of the subjects reported that having meals at community senior centers at least once a week. The results indicate that those subjects from single-individual households were most likely to face some nutritional risk and require, assistance in purchasing food items and preparing meals. In addition, these subjects were least likely to be satisfied with their health and dietary management. To improve the dietary status of elderly individuals in rural Korea, any service programs should facilitate their daily activities by focusing on improving their diet, particularly that of those from low-income, single-individual households.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.596-602
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate parents' behavior and attitudes regarding their kids' snacking and dietary life education. A survey was conducted with the parents (N=412) of elementary students from seven provinces, includeing Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Kwangju, Gyungnam, Chungnam, and Kangwon. Kids' snacks consisted mainly of purchased foods rather than homemade foods. Parents' main concerns regarding kids' snacks were nutrition (44.9%), taste (24.3%), and safety (23.5%). Over 50% of parents checked food labels, especially expiration date (96.4%), food ingredients (49.5%), and food additives (33.5%). The snack items frequently provided to kids were fruits (62.8%), milk (55.5%), bread (47.1%), and snack items (23.3%). Parents responded that the amount of their kids' snacking was adequate (47.8%), small (33.7%), or large (18.2%). The results show that more research is needed regarding the adequacy of kids' snacking, considering that 15.7% and 22.4% of the children ate more and less, respectively, than their daily energy requirement. 76.5% of the parents performed home education regarding their kids' dietary habits, especially on the topics of 'balanced diet' (83.9%), 'healthful food' (53.7%), and 'eating three meals a day' (40.2%). Parents obtained dietary information from TV (65.2%), internet (12.0%), and newspapers (7.0%). From this study, we found that parents perceived their kids' snacking behavior correctly, and considered home-education for their kids' dietary habits positively. However, the information resources were limited, which makes it necessary to develop parents' education programs.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.131-145
• /
• 2007

This study investigated the effect of nutrition education on food habits, dietary behaviors, nutritional knowledges and nutrient intakes of middle-aged women. The subjects were 209 females aged $30{\sim}64yrs$. The subjects helped by trainers filled the questionnaire about demographic information, food habits, dietary behavior, nutritional knowledge and dietary intake before and after three months of nutrition education. All data were analyzed by chi-square test and paired t-test using the SAS program. The subjects who didn't drink alcohol significantly increased after the education(p<0.001). The largest meal of the day was lunch and the amount consumed was significantly different before and after the nutrition education(p<0.05). Dietary attitude scores significantly increased after the nutrition education(p<0.001). The percentages of subjects who didn't have processed foods, sweets and salty foods frequently significantly increased after the education(p<0.05). The subjects who answered correctly significantly increased in ten out of fifteen nutrition knowledge items related to obesity and in four out of five nutrition knowledge items related to nutrients after the education. There were significant differences in protein(p<0.01), calcium(p<0.05) and cholesterol intakes(p<0.01) before and after the nutrition education. This study suggests that nutrition education can improve dietary attitudes and nutritional knowledge.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate rural residents' health status and lifestyle before inputing the health promotion services in CHP post juridiction area. For the survey. questionaire survey was done during the period from September 1993 to October 1993. Questionare was composed 14 items of general characteristics and 12 items of health age. Respondents were 119 residents among 300 residents in a rural area. For the analysis. descriptive statistics were used by calculating frequencies. percentages and $x^2-test$ Were employed to test the differences and the statistical significance. The major results are as follows; 1. Characteristics of the objects: The sex $61.0\%$ of female. the age was $36.0\%$ of over the fifties. the educational background was $47.4\%$ of elementary graduation. the marital status was $94.9\%$ of married and the monthly income was $35.3\%$ of less than 600,000 won. 2. Health status of the objects; Hepatitis antibody was possessed only $6.2\%$. hypertension was $27.3\%$. pulse rate and disease status were. for the most part, normal. 3. Health care status of the objects: They didn't use $74.1\%$ of medical services for the two weeks and regular health check-up. 4. Health behavior of the objects: The diet was $78.1\%$ of intaking meats and fish below 4 times for 1 week, no smoking was $66.1\%$. drinking was $70.83\%$ below two and half times for 1 week, life satisfaction was $21.8\%$. stress management was $41.5\%$ and exercise for health was $25.2\%$. 5. Experience of common cold for 3 years was $46.2\%$. hypertention by sex was $8.7\%$ of males and $19.4\%$ of females and diabetus was $1.7\%$ 6. Helth behavior by educational background didn't do in low educational background. 7. Health age of the objects was $62.3\%$ of $+1\~+4$ than actual age.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.28 no.9
• /
• pp.914-922
• /
• 1995

A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which can be used in studies investigating relationship between diet and chronic diseases in a rural area of Korea, was developed and validated. Food items were selected from two sources ; (1) preliminary survey in a rural area by 24-hour recalls and (2) National Nutritional Survey of 1991. Sixty-five food items were finally selected based on the frequency of consumption and contributions to major nutrient intakes. Portion size of each food item was determined considering the mean and median values of the amounts consumed by subjects in the preliminary survey. Frequency of consumption was asked in nine categories ranging from 'more than three times a day' to 'almost never'. The newly developed FFQ was administered in 24-hour recalls conducted in different seasons in the same area after the administration of FFQ. Sixty-one subjects completed both FFQ and all three repeated 24-hour recalls. The results of the two different survey methods showed that mean daily intake levels of energy, carbohydrate, vitamin A and vitamin C were significantly higher in FFQ compared to 24-hour recalls(p<0.05). Intake levels of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and iron were significantly correlated by Pearson's correlation coefficients(p0.05). Ranking on nutrient intake of the subjects by two method were significantly correlated(Spearman's correlation coefficients) in all above nutrients plus Ca and vitamin A. Percentage of subjects in the lowest or in the highest quintile by 24-hour recalls who belong to the nearest two categories by FFQ ranged from 46% to 83%, while the percentage falling into the opposite category were below 10% in most of the nutrients. The proportion of subjects classfied into the same quintiles by the two methods were between 23% and 33%, with an average of 28%. From the results, FFQ developed in this study seems to be useful in evaluating nutrient intake pattern of 1 year in adults living in rural area of Kyonggi province.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.583-595
• /
• 2013

In the women's clothing industry that targets middle aged-women, there is increased interest on middle-aged women and their appearance management and diet. It is believed that the body type of middle-aged women is becoming thinner. This study examines if middle-aged women body types have changed based on data from the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ Size Korea that objectively analyzed the aspects of middle-aged women's body size change and the related fashion industry that recognize changes in middle-aged women body types by suggesting foundational data for clothing designs. According to research results, middle-aged women's body type shows an increase in items related to height and that measurement values related to obesity (such as weight and BMI index) tend to decrease. Height has increased and weight has decreased compared to the past. Most items related to width or depth tend to show decreased values and we can assume that the present middle-aged women's body type is changing more dynamically than before. It will be possible to design proper clothes for consumer body type and trends if we design clothes that afford multilateral attention to the patterns, design, or material in clothing design by applying the aspects of middle-aged women's body size and body type change.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.84-94
• /
• 2007

The comparative feeding ecology of greenling Hexagrammos otakii and Schlegel's black rockfish Sebastes schlereli populations was investigated in the Jangbong tidal flat near Incheon, Korea. Monthly samples were taken using a modified otter trawl from November 1999 to January 2001. The stomach contents of 124 greenling and 115 Schlegel's black rockfish were analyzed. The diet of H. otakii was dominated by the amphipods Gammaropsis iaponicus, Caprella scaura, Isaeopsis sp. and Monocorophium acherusicum, the shrimps Latreutes mucronatus and Alpheus japonicus, the mysid Neomysis orientalis and the bivalve Mytilus edulis. In contrast, S. schlegeli mainly fed on the mysids N. orientalis, N japonica, and N. awatschensis, the shrimps Exopalaemon carinicauda, A. japonicus and L. mucronatus, and the fish Pholis fangi and unidentified gobiids. A comparison of the frequency and abundance of food items showed that crustaceans (e.g. amphipods, mysids and shrimps) were important foods for both species. Their main dietary components, however differed which is probably due to differences in the spatial distribution of the two species and their prey items. In conclusion, greenling and Schlegel's black rockfish, despite being sympatric on a tidal flat have distinct food habits and low dietary overlap (Schooner's index: 0.1). These results indicate, to some extent, resource partitioning for the maximum utilization of available foods in the tidal flat.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 1999

Food allergies play an important role in Atopic Dermatitis (AD). Dietary manipulation is essential in the management of AD. However, there has been a paucity of data reporting the prevalence of food allergies in AD patients in Korea. In this study, the Food Open Challenge Tests (FOCT) were conducted to investigate food allergies in AD patients. The skin-prick test and the detection of specific IgE, as well as allergy history of patient were used to detect food allergies in all AD patients. Elimination diet was conducted for two weeks prior to FOCTs. The prevalence of food allergies by FOCT is as follows: milk (67.3%); chicken (64.2%); pork (62.8%); eggs (61.0%); beef(55.4%) ; wheat (52.0%) and soybean (45.2%). Allergenic food items in Korean AD patients were different from people in other foreign countries. The seven major foods those tested positively by FOCTs were completely eliminated from the replaced diets for two weeks, and were subsequently reintroduced one at a time. Results from FOCTs were not comparable with allergy history or skin-prick tests or specific IgE detection. The sensitivity and specificity of skin-prick tests and specific IgE detection were lower than FOCTs. Allergy history, skin-prick tests, and specific IgE detection are useful for the identification of food allergen but its clinical significance differed according to food items. Therefore, we conclude that even though a 10-day delay was necessary after food challenge, FOCT is a useful and valid method to confirm food allergies and may be essential for the effective control of food allergies for treatment of AD.