• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This survey was done to investigate the pesticide residues and to assess their risk on agricultural products on the Markets in Incheon from 2010 to 2012. METHODS AND RESULTS: The total number of samples were 16,025 for agricultural products and these were analyzed by multi-residue method using GC-ECD/NPD, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS and HPLC-PDA/FLD. The violation rates of the samples over maximum residue limits(MRLs) of pesticide residues established by Korean Food and Drug Administration in the survey of 2010, 2011 and 2012 were 1.2%, 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Of the total violated samples, more than 75% of the rates were recorded from the samples of leafy vegetables. Most commonly encountered agricultural commodities over MRLs were Chwinamul, perilla leaves and crown daisy. The pesticides detected yearly over MRLs during three years were endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, lufenuron, chlorothalonil, flutolanil, procymidone, ethoprophos. Estimated daily intakes compared to acceptable daily intakes, except radish and Welsh onion, is estimated less harm on human in 10 kinds of pesticides which frequently occurred violation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.81-85
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• 2002

The possibility of simultaneous analysis of 24 pesticides out of 30 residual pesticides which are subjected to test in the golf courses was examined. The utility of the simultaneous analysis of multi-residue pesticides was evaluated by recovery test through a standard addition method of pesticides in water, soil, and lawn grass. The experimental results of the recovery rates for individual pesticides are as follows : The number of pesticide of which average recovery was over 70% regardless of medium was 16 pesticides. These pesticides were composed of 8 organophosphorus pesticides(Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Diazinon, EPN, Fenitrothion, Phenthoate, Phosalone, and Toclofos-methyl). 4 organochlorinated pesticides(Daconil, Captan, Endosulfan, and Tetradifon), 2 pyrethroid pesticides(Fepropathrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin) and 2 other pesticides(Bromopropylate, Pendimethalin). On the other hand, in case of Dicofol, average recovery by medium was over 70% for water and lawn grass but was only 53.3% for soil. Therefore, the simultaneous analytical method applied in this experiment is not appropriate for analysis of Dicofol in soil. Furthermore, among 7 pesticides, 2 pesticides(Amitraz and Pyraclofos) showed that theirs average recovery rates deviated from criteria(70~130%) at almost all media, while 5 pesticides(Bensulide, Deltamethrin, Iprodione, Phosphamidon and Tralomethlin) were not detected from all media by selected GC detector(NPD or ECD).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.221-227
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• 2014

This study was investigated the change of pesticide residues in young Chinese cabbages and young radishes sprayed with pesticides (young Chinese cabbage: diazinon EC, dimethomorph WP and imidacloprid WP, young radish: diazinon EC, imidacloprid WP and procymidone WP) during Kimchi preparation and storage in Kimchi fridge ($1.8^{\circ}C$) for 67 days. Pesticide residues in young Chinese cabbages were removed by up to 31~52% through brining and washing, 57~74% through seasoning with ingredients, 61~76% through 14 hours storage at room temperature, and 70~82% through storage in Kimchi fridge. Pesticide residues in young radishes were removed by up to 57~85% through seasoning with ingredients, 59~86% through 17 hours storage at room temperature, and 74~91% through storage in Kimchi fridge. It means that brining and washing process was more efficient than fermentation process.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2010

The solubility in water of granular pesticides is not equal because the difference of methods of producing a granular pesticide. This study was conducted to investigate fish acute toxicity of butachlor 5% GR, fipronil 0.4% GR by impregnation and carbosulfan 3% GR, diazinon 0.4% GR by coating, using carp (C. carpio), medaka (O. tatipes) and loach (M. anguillicaudatus). The test solution of each pesticide was prepared by direct addition of granular pesticide and add after grinding granular pesticide to powder in test water, We also investigated $LC_{50}$ and residual concentration until 96 hours. Test results were appeared that the treatment of powder was 1.2~4 time higher than granular and toxicity increased clearly according to elapsed time, And the residual amounts by time were detected much at early time in the powder treatment of butachlor GR and diazinon GR. Conclusively, fish acute toxicity and residual concentration in test solution appeared higher in the powder treatment than treat granular form directly in water. Also, 96 hours toxicity values were stable comparatively and the error is less than 48 hours.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 1984

Waters, sediments and crucian carps samples collected bimonthly from Nakdong river during- the period of August 1982 to June 1983 were analyzed for organophosphorus pesticide residues by GLC equipped with a flame photometric detector. Among the environmental samples, IBP, diazinon, phenthoate, parathion, malathion and fenitrothion residues were found only in waters and crucian carps and sediments samples were devoid of the residues. In addition, seasonal variations of the residues in waters and crucian carps were observed. Waters and crucian carps samples collected in August, when pesticides are generally in great demand, contained all the organophosphorus pesticide residues while no organophosphorus were detected in waters and crucian carps samples collected in February, April or December. The most abundant residues in the two environmental samples were diazinon and IBP and residue levels of parathion, malathion and fenitrothion were found extremely low.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.337-342
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• 2007

To obtain the data on the risk assessment of residue levels of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fresh ginseng and red ginseng extract, the residual pesticides in samples are surveyed with GC-NPD and GC-ECD for quantitative analysis and GC-MSD for qualitative analysis. The residual organophosphorus pesticides, such as diazinon, pyrimethanil, tolclofos-methyl, metalaxyl, diethofencarb, parathion, cyprodinil, tolylfluanid and kresoxim-methyl, are not detected in fresh ginseng from Punggi. The residual organophosphorus pesticides except tolclofos-methyl are not detected in fresh ginseng from Sangju. Average amount of tolclofos-methyl in fresh ginseng from Sangju are $0.054{\pm}0.008\;mg/kg$, representing $18{\pm}2%$ of MRL of 0.03 mg/kg on fresh ginseng in Korea. The residual organochlorine pesticides, such as BHC isomer, DDT isomer, aldrin, azoxystrobin, captan, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, dieldrin, difenoconazole, endosulfan-sulfate, endrin, fenhexamid, quintozene, ${\alpha}$-endosulfan and ${\beta}$-endosulfan, are not detected in fresh ginseng from Punggi and Sangju. The residual organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in red ginseng extract from Punggi and Sangju are not detected.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 1992

This study was carried out to determine residues of 17 pesticides and provide basic information on dietary safety of 35 kinds of Kangweon-do agricultural products. Residual leyels of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides were analyzed by using GLC-ECO and GLC-NPD, respectively. A total of 157 agricultural products of Kangweon-do were analyzed. At least one kind of pesticide residues were detected in 48.4% of the analyzed samples and two or more kinds were found in 15.3%. Residue of Captan was detected in 43 samples of 81 agricultural products which was 53.1%. But residues of Endrin, Captafol, Parathion, Fenitrothion, Fenthion and EPN were not found in the all samples tested. Ranges of the pesticide residue leyels detected were ND-0.142 ppm for organochlorine pesticides, ND-0.075 ppm for organophosphorus pesticides and ND-1.067 ppm for Captan. Results of this monitoring study demonstrated that pesticide residue leyels in Kangweon-do agricultural supply were generally well below regulatory limits.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.663-669
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• 1999

For determination of separated pesticides by using GC and HPLC, liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) and solid phase extraction(SPE) have been carried out to separate and concentrate the organophophorous pesticides such as Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Phosmet, Phosalon and EPN in environmental water samples. ln determination of pesticides by HPLC/UV, SPE has resulted in higher recovery and more precision than LLE, while in determination of pesticides by GC/FPD, vice versa. HPLC/UV after the pretreatment process of sample by solid phase extraction (SPE-HPLC/UV) has suggested the possibility of determination of pesticides ppb level. ln comparison of detection limit, both SPE-HPLC/UV and LLE-GC/FPD are reasonably suitable for analysis of residue pesticides. ln the respect of the rapidity and the solvent required, SPE-HPLC/UV method has proven to be superior to LLE-GC/FPD.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 1994

Daily dietary intake of 11 organophosphorus pesticides by the Korean population was estimated to be $31{\mu}g$ per person ($0.567{\mu}g$/kg body weight/day) from known residue data on raw agricultural products and food factor based on the Korean diet, for the period of 1986-90. Intake ratio of 11 pesticides by food group was 56% from cereals, 23% from vegetables, 14% from fruits and 7% from legumes and other food materials. The ratio of the dietary intake to the ADI was 6.1% in diazinon, 5.8% in fenthion, 3.3% in fenitrothion, 1.5% in EPN and 1.7% average for 11 individual pesticides whereas the cumulative ratio of 11 pesticides was 18.7%. It is, therefore, proposed that a systematic estimate for the dietary intake of organophosphorus pesticides should be undertaken, although the present intake level would not give any adverse effect to the health of the Korean population under the current situation of pesticide usage.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.410-415
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• 2000

This study was performed to study tile organophosphorus pesticides residues removal effect of rice and Korean cabbage. Four organophosphorus pesticides(EPN, diazinon, fenithrithion, phenthoate) were artificially added to rice and Korean cabbage. Then they were washed with water and cooked differently to analyze the amount of pesticides residues reduced. The result of the study were as following; 1. The removal rate of pesticides residue on rice was 15.5∼35.4% an[ the amount of washing water was more influential in removal rate than number of washing. 2. The removal rate of pesticides residues through cooking processes after rice washing was 72.1∼77.8%. 3. The removal rate of pesticides residues through washing and cooking processes on the Korean cabbage were 18.4∼41.0%, 22.8∼92.7%. 4. As the amount of washing water of Korean cabbage increase, pesticides removal effect was higher. 5. Squeezing out the washed water from the cabbage increased pesticides removal rate.