• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.18-24
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• 2006

The possibility of multiresidue analysis of 24 pesticides out of 30 residual pesticides which are subjected to test in the golf courses was examined. The utility of multiresidue method for pesticide residue test was evaluated by recovery test through a standard addition method of pesticides in water, soil, and lawn grass. The experimental results of the recovery test for individual pesticides are as follows : The number of pesticide of which average recovery rate was over 70% regardless of media was 16 pesticides. These pesticides were composed of 8 organophosphorus pesticides (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifosmethyl, diazinon, EPN, fenitrothion, phenthoate, phosalone, and toclofos-methyl). 4-organochlorinated pesticides (daconil, captan, endosulfan, and tetradifon), 2-pyrethroid pesticides(fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin) and 2 other pesticides (bromopropylate, pendimethalin). On the other hand, in case of dicofol, average recovery rate was over 70% for water and lawn grass but only 53.3% for soil. Therefore, the multiresidue method applied in this experiment is not appropriate for analysis of dicofol in soil. Furthermore, among 7 pesticides, 2 pesticides(amitraz and pyraclofos) showed that theirs average recovery rate deviated from criteria($70{\sim}130%$) in almost ail media, while 5 pesticides(bensulide, deltamethrin, iprodione, phosphamidon and tralomethlin) were not detected from all media by GC/NPD or GC/ECD.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2009

The acaricidal activities of Illicium verum fruit-derived materials against adults of Dermanyssus gallinae were examined using the direct contact application method. Based on laboratory tests, an acaricidal constituent of I. verum fruit was determined because of its potent activity. Results were compared with those of the currently used acaricides such as dichlorvos, diazinon, and carbaryl. The acaricidal principle of I. verum fruit was identified as (E)-anethole using a GC-MS. lts acaricidal activity was compared with those of 12 compounds having a similar chemical moiety. Based on the $LD_{50}$ values, the acaricidal activities of (+)-or-(-)-neomenthol were the strongest (0.01 $mg/cm^2$) and (E)-anethole, (+)-or-(-)-menthol, (${\pm}$)-isoborneol, (-)-menthone, and (lS)-endo-(-)-bomeol showed similar results (0.02 $mg/cm^2$), and (1R)-(+)-camphor and (+)-menthone also gave good activities (0.03 and 0.04 $mg/cm^2$, respectively). These compounds showed more toxic acaricidal activities than diazinon and carbaryl, 0.05 and > 0.2 $mg/cm^2$, respectively, but were not comparable to that of dichlorvos with 0.0002 $mg/cm^2$. These results indicate that the I. verum fruit-derived materials and tested compounds descried as poultry red mites-control agents could be useful for managing field populations of D. gallinae.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2005

The residual study of pesticide has been used in various areas, such as food safety, environmental protection, establishment of tolerance, and explaining the pathway and reaction mode of pesticides, and its importance was expected to increase further more. The aspect of food safety, the pesticide residue survey have been practiced at many organizations, but there were no verification of analytical results at present. In this experiment, we focused on instrumental stability, including response of each instrument and the recovery ratio of each organization's method. As samples for this experiment, we prepared cucumber and sesame, and chose 4 pesticides (bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and ethoprophos), which were mostly detected from pesticide residue survey and widely used for each crop. The standard deviation of peak areas in the chromatogram of each pesticide were under 1.212 %, so it showed that most instruments were stable. The relationship of recovery ratio of each organization were over 0.996 for every pesticide and each organization. Finally, the analytical results for pesticide residue from each participated organization were not statically significant and we could put confidence in the result from each organization.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.176-186
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• 2006

Distribution characteristics of organophosphorous pesticides(OPs) in water and suspended particles were studied in Asan Bay, Korea, from June 2004 to October 2005. 28 organophosphorous pesticides could be detected in Asan Bay during this study. The most commonly and abundantly measured OPs in the surface waters were IBP (max=$6,343.7ng\;l^{-1}$). DDVP, diazionon, ethoprophos and methidathion were also observed at relatively high concentrations. Their maximum concentrations exceeded $100ng\;l^{-1}$ in almost every month. Malathion, mevinphos, ph orate and chlorfenvinphos were also detected at relatively high concentrations. Many OPs more frequently appeared in summer than in winter due to the intensive application of pesticides in summer months. The concentration of OPs generally decreased with increasing distance from the mouth of Asan Bay. This result implies progressive dilution of these pesticides in the marine environment. Measured concentrations of diazinon were well below $20,000ng\;l^{-1}$ which is a limit set by the seawater quality standard of Korea. The concentrations of malathion and parathion in the surface waters of Asan Bay did not exceed the seawater quality standard of Korea($250,000\;and\;60,000ng\;l^{-1}$ respectively). OPs adsorbed on suspended particles were also studied. DDVP, phorate, stirofos, EPN, azinphos-methyl and IBP had higher adsorption capacity onto suspended particles than other pesticides. Calculated pesticide-particle adsorption coefficient($K_d-particle$) for samples collected in Asan Bay were closely related to the reported pesticides-soil adsorption coefficient ($K_d-soil$).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.30-36
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• 1984

This study was to investigate the organophosphorus insecticide residues in crops including five kinds of vegetables and two kinds of fruits. The pesticides investigated in spring-radish, spring Chinese cabbage, cucumber and tomato were diazinon, DEP and malathion, in unripe pepper EPN and PAP, in peach EPN, parathion and demeton-methyl, and in grape EPN, PAP and MEP. All samples were analysed by gas chromatographic technique with NPD detector. No one sample was found to approach proposed national maximum residue limits in Korea.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2018

Carbaryl and seven organophosphorous pesticides were analyzed simultaneously using on-line solid phase extraction (on-line SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The target pesticides are Carbaryl, Methyl demeton, Fenitrothion, Malathion, Parathion, Phenthoate, Diazinon, and EPN. This method includes the direct injection of $500{\mu}L$ in the water sample, a 15 min separation period using a rapid resolution liquid chromatography system with on-line SPE, and detection through electrospray ionization (ESI) positive mode. The percentage of recovery of all pesticides ranged from 85.3 % to 100 %. This method showed an accuracy of ${\geq}90.0%$, possessing limits of detection and quantification within 0.05 to $0.28{\mu}g/L$ and 0.16 to $0.89{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) for the calibration curves within a range of 0.5 to $8.0{\mu}g/L$ were higher than 0.99. The evaluation results showed the efficacy of the method for all contents, and no pesticides were detected in the water quality sample.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2003

A toxicological study of the pesticides for rice paddy to loach was conducted with iprobenfos 17% GR, diazinon 3 % GR, and butachlor 5 % GR to establish the field test method and their toxicological effects on loach under the actual field conditions. The type C of cage was more effective in the sense of a little stress from the cage. The nets for shading and for preventing the birds were necessary to maintain the water temperature and to prevent the predators. The cumulative mortality of loach exposed to iprobenfos 17% GR, diazinon 3% GR and butachlor 5% GR were 10, 55 and 22%, respectively, during 7 days of exposure. The averaged concentration of the pesticides in paddy water 2 days after application were 1.67, 0.22 and 0.26 mg/L, and mortalities were 7, 50 and 17%, respectively, representing the similar results with acute toxicity $(48h-LC_{50})$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2005

A new method, ToxTemp (TOXcity test based on TEMPerature control) using Ceridaphnia dubia was applied to evaluate the toxicity of insecticide materials and compared with the standard 48 hr acute bioassay. BPMC, diazinon and fenitrothion may cause the inhibition to the biological process in sewage treatment plant and need to detect toxicity within short contact time. The ToxTemp method showed sensitive detection with more shorter contact of 1-1.5 hr time than that of the standard 48 hr acute bioassay. To evaluate toxicity of real wastewater/sewage, the inhibition rate of nitrification and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) using activated sludge, the standard 48hr acute bioassay and ToxTemp method using C. dubia were compared, respectively. On the basis of the inhibition rate of nitrification, the OUR test showed the less sensitive results at the relatively strong toxic sewage. On the other hands, the standard 48hr acute bioassay and ToxTemp method using C. dubia represented the toxicity of each wastewater/sewage with high sensitivity. Even the slightly low (about 1.5%) sensitivity, the ToxTemp method showed the high applicability to the real site of sewage treatment plant.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2019

Jujube tree farms need effective methods of pest control to reduce damage caused by mirid bugs. In this study, we measured the density of mirid bug populations in jujube trees and tested the efficacy of various insecticides. We observed seasonal density patterns, where nymphs were observed from early May to the middle of July; and adults were observed from the end of May to the middle or end of July. Furthermore, we measured the density of two types of mirid bug species, Apolygus spinolae and A. lucorum. Among 45 damaged jujube trees, the dominant species of mirid bugs was A. spinolae (89%). We tested 7 types of insecticides to control mirid bug populations, including pyrifluquinazon, deltamethrin, diazinon, dinotefuran, etofenprox, fenitrothion, and bifenthrin, showing over 80% efficacy. Thus, in this study, we showed that using insecticides was effective for controlling mirid bug populations on jujube trees.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.4 s.29
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• pp.193-197
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• 1976

Field experiments were carried out to find out effective chemicals and number and time of a chemical application for the control of the rice white-tip nematode, Aphelechoides besseyi, parasite on rice plant. Ethoprop and carbofuran were significantly effective to make increase as much as $19\%,\; or\; 260g/3.3m^2$ of unhulled grain yield. Application of carbofuran as soon as the white-tip symptom of the disease appears in field is recommended for the effective control of the disease.